FloraOfNewZealand-SeedPlants-3-FordHeenanSmisse...
Nothofagaceae is a Southern Hemisphere family of 42 species in four genera, Fuscospora, Lophozonia, Nothofagus, and Trisyngyne. Three of the four genera are represented in New Zealand: Fuscospora with four indigenous species, Lophozonia with one indigenous species, and Nothofagus with one naturalised species introduced from South America. Southern beech of New Zealand typically inhabit relatively infertile soils; in the lowlands in mixed forest stands with other broadleaf trees and conifers and in pure stands with increasing altitude, often forming the treeline in the subalpine zone.
Outside New Zealand, Fuscospora is represented by one species in each of Australia and southern South America (Chile). Similarly, Lophozonia has two species in Australia and four species in southern South America (Chile and Argentina). Nothofagus is endemic to southern South America (Chile and Argentina) with five species. Trisyngyne is endemic to Melanesia with c. 20 species in Indonesia (West Papua) and Papua New Guinea (including New Britain and D'Entrecasteaux Islands), and a further five species in New Caledonia.
Nothofagaceae has an abundant fossil record and is well represented by pollen that first appeared in the early Campanian of the Late Cretaceous (83.5 mya). Fossil pollen and macrofossils indicate that all four genera had diverged from each other by the Oligocene (Hill 1991).
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