FloraOfNewZealand-Ferns-1-BrownseyParrisPerrie-...
The family Polypodiaceae is represented in New Zealand by four indigenous genera (Lecanopteris, Loxogramme, Notogrammitis, and Pyrrosia) with 17 species, one naturalised genus (Polypodium) with a single species, and three casual genera (Niphidium, Phlebodium and Platycerium) with one species each. Among the indigenous genera, Notogrammitis is easily the largest with 11 species. Of these, N. angustifolia, N. billardierei, N. ciliata, N. heterophylla and N. pseudociliata are fairly widespread in lowland to montane areas of both main islands. N. rawlingsii is confined to kauri forest in Auckland and Northland, while N. rigida is confined to coastal habitats in the far south and subantarctic. By contrast, N. crassior, N. givenii, N. gunnii and N. patagonica are montane to alpine species found most commonly in the South Island. Pyrrosia includes two species, of which P. elaeagnifolia is widespread throughout New Zealand, but P. serpens is so far only known from a single collection in the Kermadec Islands. Lecanopteris has three species, previously included in either Microsorum or in Dendroconche and Zealandia, of which L. pustulata is widespread, L. scandens occurs in the North Island and northern half of the South Island, and L. novae-zealandiae is confined to the North Island. The sole representative of Loxogramme, L. dictyopteris, occurs throughout the North Island and northern half of the South Island.
Polypodium vulgare is the most common of the naturalised species. It was first observed on the Port Hills, Christchurch, but has now spread aggressively to Banks Peninsula, northern Canterbury and the southern North Island. Platycerium bifurcatum, Phlebodium aureum and Niphidium crassifolium are known only from a few localities in northern New Zealand.
Species of Polypodiaceae in New Zealand often have long-creeping rhizomes, entire to pinnate laminae, reticulate venation, and sporangia that are either arranged in round to ovate and sometimes bulging sori, or are scattered over much of the lamina surface. In Notogrammitis the spores are characteristically green.
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