FloraOfNewZealand-Ferns-31-BrownseyPerrie-2021-...
Dryopteridaceae is a very large and diverse family. It is cosmopolitan in distribution, with the greatest diversity in north temperate regions, and in montane areas of central, eastern and southern Asia. It is represented in New Zealand by five indigenous genera (Arachniodes, Lastreopsis, Parapolystichum, Polystichum, Rumohra) and 13 indigenous species, eight of which are endemic, and another four that are fully naturalised or casual. In addition there are two wholly naturalised genera (Cyrtomium and Dryopteris) with 13 species, more than in any other New Zealand fern family.
Members of Dryopteridaceae in New Zealand are mainly terrestrial species with erect rhizomes, although a few have long creeping rhizomes. The fronds are 1-5-pinnate, abundantly scaly, sometimes also hairy, and usually with free veins. The sori are round, and protected by round or reniform, peltate indusia, or occasionally exindusiate.
Of the indigenous genera Arachniodes includes a single species, A. aristata, which has long-creeping rhizomes, reniform indusia, and lacks hairs. Lastreopsis and Parapolystichum include five indigenous species, which have reniform indusia, and abundant hairs as well as scales. Polystichum includes six indigenous and four naturalised species characterised by erect rhizomes, absence of hairs, and round or absent indusia. Rumohra has a single species, R. adiantiformis, which is widespread in New Zealand and recognised by its long-creeping rhizome, round indusia and absence of hairs.
Parapolystichum glabellum and Polystichum vestitum are widespread species. Lastreopsis hispida and Rumohra adiantiformis are widespread in the North Island but largely confined to wetter, western parts of the South Island, whereas Lastreopsis velutina, Polystichum neozelandicum and P. oculatum are more common in drier, eastern areas. Two species, Parapolystichum microsorum and Polystichum sylvaticum, have a mainly northern distribution extending only to northern South Island, and Polystichum wawranum is confined to the North Island. The remaining species have restricted distributions - Polystichum cystostegia is an alpine species largely confined to the South Island, and Arachniodes aristata and Parapolystichum kermadecense occur only on the Kermadec Islands.
Of the naturalised genera Cyrtomium is represented by a single species, C. falcatum, which is distinguished by its pinnate fronds, reticulate venation, and sori arranged in several rows either side of the costa. Dryopteris includes four fully naturalised and eight casual species, of which D. filix-mas is easily the most widespread, becoming a serious weed in the South Island. They have erect or short-creeping rhizomes, free veins, reniform indusia, and lack hairs.
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| Podaci ažurirani poslednji put | 11. avgust 2021. |
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