FloraOfNewZealand-Ferns-13-BrownseyPerrie-2015-...
The family Cyatheaceae is represented in New Zealand by one genus (Cyathea) with seven indigenous species, five of which are endemic, and one naturalised species. Cyathea smithii is widespread throughout both main islands and extends to the Auckland Islands, the southernmost limit for any tree fern in the world. Cyathea colensoi is widespread in the South Island but extends only to Coromandel in the North Island. Cyathea dealbata and C. medullaris are both widespread in the North Island, but in the South Island they are common only on the east and west coasts, respectively. Cyathea cunninghamii is largely confined to the wetter western parts of both main islands. Two species, C. kermadecensis and C. milnei, are confined to the Kermadec Islands. Cyathea cooperi is naturalised in the Auckland area but is cultivated in other centres and has the potential to spread. Most species of Cyathea are tree ferns with arborescent trunks, but C. colensoi is distinguished by the lack of an upright trunk. All New Zealand species of Cyathea have highly divided fronds that bear scales and hairs, the scale characters being particularly important diagnostically. The sori occur away from the margin and are protected by a variety of different shaped indusia, or lack indusia altogether. DNA sequence data indicates that there are four major groups within the Cyatheaceae and alternative classifications recognise these at the generic or subgeneric level; only one genus is recognised in this treatment.
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