{
  "fields": [{"id":"_id","type":"int"},{"id":"Name","type":"text"},{"id":"Year named","type":"numeric"},{"id":"Pennycook 2003","type":"text"},{"id":"Ecology Pennycook 2003","type":"text"},{"id":"Ecology 2021","type":"text"},{"id":"Biostatus NZFungi 2021 (+ = ICMP cultures available)","type":"text"},{"id":"GenBank ex NZ","type":"text"},{"id":"Name2","type":"text"},{"id":"Classification","type":"text"},{"id":"DNA","type":"text"},{"id":"Notes","type":"text"}],
  "records": [
    [1,"Penicillium allii",1989,"unrecorded in NZ","Animal path (toxin)","plant pathogen, garlic, onion, but not on ornamental bulbs, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01411.x; https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; Valdez et al garlic pathogen Argentina https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01960.x","present in NZ +","btub, unpublished from MPI","Penicillium allii Vincent & Pitt, Mycologia 81: 300. 1989. [MB125498]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. Reproduction: asexual. ","ITS barcode: AJ005484 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674331; CaM = KU896820; RPB2 = KU904345). ",""],
    [2,"Penicillium gladioli",1928,"present in NZ","plant path","Houbracken 2020 - Series Gladioli is associated with gladiolus bulb rot (Frisvad & Samson 2004b, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf). P. gladioli only. Dugan regards as taxonomically uncertain, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; toxin  https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxic, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294","present in NZ","","Penicillium gladioli L. McCulloch & Thom, Science 67: 217. 1928. [MB266048]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Gladioli. ","ITS barcode: AF033480 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674287; CaM = KU896837; RPB2 = MN969118). ",""],
    [3,"Penicillium polonicum",1927,"","","plant pathogen garlic, onion, minor disease on beets, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197, garlic, onion; https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; toxins https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; cereal spoilage, toxins, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8; toxin in spoiled food,  10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.025","present in NZ","","Penicillium polonicum K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 445. 1927. [MB274889]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ","ITS barcode: AF033475 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969392; CaM = KU896848; RPB2 = JN406609). ","aurantiogriseum complex https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8"],
    [4,"Penicillium digitatum ",1881,"present in NZ","plant path; Animal path (toxin)","rot in Citrus, Houbracken 2020; citrus, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; apples, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; citrus green mould, Holmes et al. 1994","present in NZ; exotic +","","Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc., Fung. Ital. Autogr. Delin.: tab. 894. 1881. Basionym: Aspergillus digitatus Pers., Disp. meth. Fung.: 41. 1794 ≡ Monilia digitata Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung.: 693. 1801. [nom. sanct., Fr., Syst. Mycol. 3: 411. 1832]. [MB169502]. — Neotype: Saccardo, Fung. Ital. Autogr. Delin.: tab. 894. 1881 (lectotype); CBS 112082 (epitype, in Frisvad & Samson 2004b). Ex-type: CBS 112082 = IBT 13068. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Digitata. ","ITS barcode: KJ834506 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834447; CaM = KU896833; RPB2 = JN121426). ",""],
    [5,"Penicillium expansum ",1809,"present in NZ","plant path; Animal path (toxin)","plant pathogen, bulbs, apple, beets https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; mycotoxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; apples, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; toxin, Frisvad 1989; toxic, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294; pathogen garlic, onion, tulip, iris, Dugan 2017; apples Louw MSc","present in NZ; exotic +","ITS MW862779 (ICMP 2708, ex rotten apple); btub unpublished ex MPI","Penicillium expansum Link, Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 16. 1809. [MB159382]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Penicillium. ","ITS barcode: AY373912 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674400; CaM = DQ911134; RPB2 = JF417427). ",""],
    [6,"Penicillium italicum",1894,"present in NZ","plant path; Animal path (toxin)","plant path, rot in Citrus, Houbracken 2020; toxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; citrus https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; toxin, Frisvad 1989; citrus blue mould Holmes et al. 1994; citrus Louw MSc","present in NZ; exotic +","ITS KJ775641, btub KJ775134","Penicillium italicum Wehmer, Hedwigia 33: 211. 1894. [MB162660]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Italica. ","ITS barcode: KJ834509 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674398; CaM = DQ911135; RPB2 = JN121496). ",""],
    [7,"Penicillium tulipae",2003,"","","plant pathogen; toxin - MPI regard as present in NZ; assoc with mouldy bulbs, DOI: 10.4489/MYCO.2006.34.4.176; toxin noted in protologue https://doi.org/10.1078/072320203770865945; Sect Corymbifera, see Notes; toxins ['tremorgin, acutely toxic'] https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; bulb pathogen, Overy & Frisvad 2003","present in NZ; exotic","btub, unpublished from MPI","Penicillium tulipae Overy & Frisvad, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 26: 634. 2003. [MB488954]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ","ITS barcode: KJ834519 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969404; CaM = MN969305; RPB2 = MN969141). ",""],
    [8,"Penicillium aurantiogriseum ",1901,"present in NZ","Animal path (toxin)","plant pathogen beets and possibly bulbs, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197, pathogenicity to bulbs not proven, but regard P. cellarum as a pathogen of beets [Strausberg & Dugan 2017 discuss morphological differences to P. aurantiogriseum], but phylogentically P. cellarum matches P. aurantiogriseum - GenBank KM249108 btub ex type, identical or 1 bp different to aurantiogriseum isolates in GenBank]; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; cereal spoilage mould https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8, Lund & Frisvad 1994; toxin, Frisvad 1989","present in NZ; origin uncertain +","","Penicillium aurantiogriseum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 88. 1901. [MB247956]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ","ITS barcode: AF033476 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969372; CaM = KU896822; RPB2 = JN406573). ","species complex; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8"],
    [9,"Penicillium brevicompactum ",1901,"present in NZ","Animal path (toxin)","toxic, mushrooms, processed foods, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; coffee endophyte, Peterson et al. Mycologia 97(3): 662 (2005); toxin Frisvad 1989; reported as ginger pathogen but ID uncertain, 10.5248/134.197; on pears https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0710-RE; pears Louw MSc; grapes Pitt & Hosking 2009","present in NZ; origin uncertain +","ITS KJ775605; btub KJ775098","Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 88. 1901. [MB149773]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Brevicompacta. ","ITS barcode: AY484912 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674437; CaM = AY484813; RPB2 = JN406594). ",""],
    [10,"Penicillium citrinum",1910,"present in NZ","Animal path (toxin)","post-harvest decay, https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/39565; possible bulb pathogen, but non-molecular ID, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; toxicity rare, doi: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.05.003; v widespread on all sorts of substrtaes, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0047-z; animal toxin, DOI: 10.1139/m76-038","present in NZ; origin uncertain +","","Penicillium citrinum Thom, U.S.D.A. Bur. Animal Industr. Bull. 118: 61. 1910. [MB165293]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Citrina. ","ITS barcode: AF033422 (alternative markers: BenA = GU944545; CaM = MN969245; RPB2 = JF417416). ",""],
    [11,"Penicillium commune ",1910,"unrecorded in NZ","animal path (opportunistic)","Toxin, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopiazonic_acid; Series Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; food spoilage https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; toxin, Frisvad 1989; toxin in spoiled food,  10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.025; apple blue mould http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/disease-management/blue-mold/","present in NZ; origin uncertain +","ITS KJ775611, btub KJ775104","Penicillium commune Thom, U.S.D.A. Bur. Animal Industr. Bull. 118: 56. 1910. [MB164241]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ","ITS barcode: AY213672 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969377; CaM = KU896829; RPB2 = KU904350). ",""],
    [12,"Penicillium crustosum ",1930,"present in NZ","Animal path (toxin)","plant pathogen bulbs, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197, pathogen of onions but not other bulbs; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; various crops apples, pears, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; animal pathogen, PMCID: PMC187226 as P. terrestre; toxin, Frasvad 1989; toxin in spoiled food,  10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.025; pathogen onion and Iris, Dugan et al. 2017; on apples https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0710-RE","present in NZ; origin uncertain +","ITS KJ775628; btub KJ775121","Penicillium crustosum Thom, The Penicillia: 399. 1930. [MB262401]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ","ITS barcode: AF033472 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969379; CaM = DQ911132; RPB2 = MN969114). ",""],
    [13,"Penicillium cyclopium ",1911,"","","pathogen of beets, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197, but morphological ID only; nontoxic?; toxin, food spoilage, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; rotten fruit, protologue; toxins, cereal spoilage, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8; animal toxin DOI: 10.1139/m76-038; toxin, Frisvad 1989; minor importance as beet pathogen, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; Louw MSc doubts records as pathogen of grape","present in NZ; origin uncertain","","Penicillium cyclopium Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 90. 1911. [MB156739]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ","ITS barcode: JN097811 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969380; CaM = KU896832; RPB2 = JN985388). ","aurantiogriseum complex https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8"],
    [14,"Penicillium glabrum ",1911,"present in NZ","","bulb pathogen on garlic, onion, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; soil and litter doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; food spoilage, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; toxin in spoiled food, 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.025; pomegranate fruit rot, https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-12-1347A","present in NZ; origin uncertain +","ITS KJ775635, btub KJ775128","Penicillium glabrum (Wehmer) Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 131. 1911. [MB120545]. Basionym: Citromyces glaber Wehmer, Beitr. Einh. Pilze 1: 24. 1893. [MB178959]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Glabra. ","ITS barcode: GU981567 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981619; CaM = KM089152; RPB2 = JF417447). ","part of P. glabrum complex, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; "],
    [15,"Penicillium griseofulvum ",1901,"present in NZ","Animal path (toxin)","toxin; on cereal and seeds, Houbracken 2020; toxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopiazonic_acid; dried foods, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; toxin, Frisvad 1989; toxic, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294; apple post harvet rot https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-2347-x","present in NZ; origin uncertain +","","Penicillium griseofulvum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 88. 1901. [MB120566]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Urticicola. ","ITS bar- code: AF033468 (alternative markers: BenA = JF909942; CaM = KT900574; RPB2 = JN121449). ",""],
    [16,"Penicillium oxalicum",1915,"present in NZ","","pathogen, cucumber, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; animal toxin, DOI: 10.1139/m76-038; pathogen of Ipomoea and Dioscorea, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197","present in NZ; origin uncertain","","Penicillium oxalicum Currie & Thom, J. Biol. Chem. 22: 289. 1915. [MB121033]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Oxalica. ","ITS barcode: AF033438 (alter- native markers: BenA = KF296462; CaM = MN969283; RPB2 = JN121456). ",""],
    [17,"Penicillium vulpinum",1986,"present in NZ","Animal path (toxin)","beet path, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; beet pathogen, 10.1094/https://doi.org/PDIS-03-17-0410-RE; toxins, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf","present in NZ; origin uncertain +","","Penicillium vulpinum (Cooke & Massee) Seifert & Samson, Adv. Pen. Asp. Syst.: 144. 1986 [1985]. [MB114763]. Basionym: Coremium vulpinum Cooke & Massee, Grevillea 16: 81. 1888. [MB183683]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Claviformia. ","ITS barcode: AF506012 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834501; CaM = KU896857; RPB2 = KU904367). ",""],
    [18,"Penicillium ulaiense",1987,"unrecorded in NZ","","plant pathogen; toxin - whisker mould citrus; less pathogenic than P. italicum and P. digitatum, Holmes et al. 1994; DOI: 10.4489/MYCO.2006.34.4.176; toxin production mentioned in protolgue https://doi.org/10.1078/072320203770865945; citrus, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; less pathogenic than P. italicum and P. digitatum, Holmes et al. 1994; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_ulaiense note as present in New Zealand, but cannot find authoritative source for this [PRJ, May 2021]","occurence uncertain","","Penicillium ulaiense H.M. Hsieh et al., Trans. Mycol. Soc. Rep. China 2: 161. 1987. [MB126489]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Italica. ","ITS barcode: KC411695 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674408; CaM = KU896854; RPB2 = KU904365). ","[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_ulaiense note as present in NZ]"],
    [19,"Penicillium albocoremium",2000,"","","plant pathogen, DOI: 10.4489/MYCO.2006.34.4.176; on onion, gladiolus, other bulbs, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; possible bulb pathogen, toxins Overy & Frisvad 2003; pathogen of Allium, Iris, tulip Dugan et al. 2017; toxins, Frisvad et al. 2004","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium albocoremium (Frisvad) Frisvad, Int. Mod. Tax. Meth. Pen. Asp. Clas.: 275. 2000. [MB459817]. Basionym: Penicillium hirsutum var. albocoremium Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 856. 1990. [MB126411]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ","ITS barcode: AJ004819 (alternative markers: BenA = KU896812; CaM = KU896819; RPB2 = KU904344).  ",""],
    [20,"Penicillium brasilianum ",1957,"unrecorded in NZ","","mild pathogen onions, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; toxin, Frisvad 1989","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium brasilianum Bat., Anais Soc. Biol. Pernambuco 15: 162. 1957. [MB302381]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ","ITS barcode: GU981577 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981629; CaM = MN969239; RPB2 = KF296420). ",""],
    [21,"Penicillium carneum ",1996,"unrecorded in NZ","","apple pathogen Louw MSc; toxin [incl Penitrems, acutely toxic], https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; spoilage of meat, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; toxic, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294; ","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium carneum (Frisvad) Frisvad, Microbiology 142: 546. 1996. [MB415652]. Basionym: Penicillium roqueforti var. carneum Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 858. 1990. [MB126415]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Roquefortorum, ser. Roquefortorum. ","ITS barcode: HQ442338 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674386; CaM = HQ442322; RPB2 = JN406642). ",""],
    [22,"Penicillium freii",2004,"unrecorded in NZ","","cereal mould, protologue; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxins, cereal spoilage, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium freii Frisvad & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 49: 28. 2004. [MB369274]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ","ITS barcode: MN431389 (alternative markers: BenA = KU896813; CaM = KU896836; RPB2 = KU904353). ","aurantiogriseum complex https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8"],
    [23,"Penicillium georgiense ",2009,"","","protologue, Aspergillus head; onion pathogen, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197 [Pathogenic on onion, moderately aggressive (lesions ~4-5mm at 10 days) (Oh & al. 2015: morpho-\ncultural, β-tubulin DNA sequences]","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium georgiense S.W. Peterson & B.W. Horn, Mycologia 101: 79. 2009. [MB509290]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Ramigena, ser. Georgiensia. ","ITS barcode: EF422852 (alternative markers: BenA = EF506223; CaM = EF506239; RPB2 = KM089734). ",""],
    [24,"Penicillium hermansii",2018,"","","mushroom pathogen, smoky mould, mushroom compost, protologue, reports of other species associated with this disease probably incorrect, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1407-4","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium hermansii Houbraken et al., Mycol. Prog. 18: 232. 2018. [MB823949]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ","ITS barcode: MG333472 (alternative markers: BenA = MG386214; CaM = MG386229; RPB2 = MG386242). ",""],
    [25,"Penicillium hirsutum",1901,"unrecorded in NZ","plant path; Animal path (toxin)","plant pathogen bulbs, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; toxin, Frisvad 1989 [Pathogenic on crocus, garlic, onion, tulip, moderately pathogenic on gladiolus and iris]","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium hirsutum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 89. 1901. [MB152720]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ","ITS barcode: AY373918 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969384; CaM = KU896840; RPB2 = JN406629). ",""],
    [26,"Penicillium hordei ",1969,"unrecorded in NZ","Plant pathogen; Animal path (toxin)","plant pathogen on tulip, nonpathogenic on onion, garlic, gladiolus (Btub ID), https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium hordei Stolk, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 35: 270. 1969. [MB335734]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ","ITS barcode: MN431391 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969385; CaM = KU896841; RPB2 = KU904355). ",""],
    [27,"Penicillium mali-pumilae",2019,"","","pathogen?; rotten apple and lily bulb, protologue; [Series Corymbifera, possible bulb associate, see Notes], no path tests","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium mali-pumilae Hyang B. Lee et al., Fungal Diversity 96: 101. 2019. [MB555410]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ","ITS barcode: KP900991 (alternative markers: BenA = MT425584; CaM = KP900992; RPB2 = MN969213). ",""],
    [28,"Penicillium olsonii",1912,"unrecorded in NZ","Animal path (toxin)","high altitude tropics, glasshouses on tomato, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; pathogen in glasshouses, schimmel-schimmelpilze.de/penicillium-olsonii.html; herbicidal and Allelochemical compounds http://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium olsonii Bainier & Sartory, Ann. Mycol. 10: 398. 1912. [MB121021]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Olsoniorum. ","ITS barcode: EU587341 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674445; CaM = DQ658165; RPB2 = JN121464). ",""],
    [29,"Penicillium paraherquei",1963,"unrecorded in NZ","","bulb pathogen on garlic, onion, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; path garlic and onion Dugan et al. 2017","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium paraherquei S. Abe ex G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 46: 335. 1963. [MB302412]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ","ITS barcode: AF178511 (alternative markers: BenA = KF296465; CaM = MN969285; RPB2 = KF296449). ",""],
    [30,"Penicillium radicicola",2003,"","","plant pathogen on garlic, tulip, iris. Dugan & Starusberg 2019, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; mycotoxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxins https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; pathogen onion, garlic, Dugan 2017; phylogentically very close to P. tulipae; although protologue mentions mycotoxin production rather than bulb pathogen, the other species in the paper with protologue associated with mouldy bulbs elsewhere","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium radicicola Overy & Frisvad, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 26: 633. 2003. [MB488233]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ","ITS barcode: KJ834516 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969393; CaM = MN969290; RPB2 = MN969133). ",""],
    [31,"Penicillium sclerotigenum",1955,"unrecorded in NZ","","possible plant path, yams, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdftoxins, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf, but see 10.5248/134.197","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium sclerotigenum W. Yamam., Sci. Rep. Hyogo Univ Agric. 1: 69. 1955. [MB302424]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Sclerotigena. ","ITS barcode: AF033470 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674393; CaM = KU896850; RPB2 = JN406652). ",""],
    [32,"Penicillium solitum",1911,"unrecorded in NZ","","pathogen, apples; Series Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020; apples, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; toxin, Frisvad 1989; toxin in spoiled food,  10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.025; less pathogenic on apples than P. expansum, Pitt et al. 1991; on pears, https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0710-RE; apples and pears Louw MSc","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium solitum Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 65. 1911. [MB206172]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ","ITS barcode: AY373932 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969398; CaM = KU896851; RPB2 = KU904363). ",""],
    [33,"Penicillium sumatraense",1936,"","","pathogen; Houbracken - been reported to produce a blue mould rot of Vitis vinifera and the mushroom Sparassis crispa (Mahdian & Zafari 2016, Liu et al. 2018b), but based on GenBank records has been isolated from a wide range of substrates","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium sumatraense [as “sumatrense”] Szilvinyi, Archiv. Hydrobiol.14 Suppl. 6: 535. 1936. [MB319297]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Sumatraensia. ","ITS barcode: GU944578 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606639; CaM = MN969301; RPB2 = EF198541). ",""],
    [34,"Penicillium venetum",2000,"","","plant pathogen, bulb and possibly horseradish (as P. hirsutum var. venetum) https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; Iris, toxins but rare in food, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium venetum (Frisvad) Frisvad, Int. Mod. Meth. Pen. Asp. Clas.: 275. 2000. [MB459816]. Basionym: Penicillium hirsutum var. venetum Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 856. 1990. [MB126414]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ","ITS barcode: AJ005485 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674335; CaM = KU896855; RPB2 = KU904366). ",""],
    [35,"Penicillium verrucosum",1901,"unrecorded in NZ","Animal path (toxin)","apple blue mould http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/disease-management/blue-mold/; mycotoxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; toxin, Frisvad 1989","unrecorded in NZ","","Penicillium verrucosum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 88. 1901. [MB212252]. ","Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Verrucosa. ","ITS barcode: AY373938 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969405; CaM = DQ911138; RPB2 = JN121539). ",""],
    [36,"",null,"","","","","","","","",""]
]}