Penicillium abidjanum1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium abidjanum Stolk, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 34: 49. 1968. [MB335705]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: GU981582 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981650; CaM = MN969234; RPB2 = JN121469). Penicillium acidum2018aquatic plant debris, protologue; produces strong acid on CREAPenicillium acidum Hyang B. Lee et al., Fungal Diversity 89: 173. 2018. [MB822167]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: KY587441 (alternative markers: BenA = KY587439; CaM = KY587442; RPB2 = KY587446). Penicillium adametzii1927unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium adametzii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat., 1927: 507. 1927. [MB119777]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: JN714929 (alternative markers: BenA = JN625957; CaM = KC773796; RPB2 = JN121455). Penicillium adametzioides1963unrecorded in NZ?unrecorded in NZPenicillium adametzioides S. Abe ex G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 46: 335. 1963. [MB302372]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: JN686433 (alternative markers: BenA = JN799642; CaM = JN686387; RPB2 = JN406578). Penicillium aeris2016air sample, protologue; BenA needed for IDPenicillium aeris Visagie & Samson, Persoonia 36: 139. 2016. [MB808262]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: KF303654 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303614; CaM = KF303627; RPB2 = KF303681). Penicillium alagoense2019leaf endophytePenicillium alagoense L.O. Ferro et al., Persoonia 42: 447. 2019. [MB830760]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: MK804503 (alternative markers: BenA = MK802333; CaM = MK802336; RPB2 = MK802338). Penicillium albocoremium2000plant pathogen, DOI: 10.4489/MYCO.2006.34.4.176; on onion, gladiolus, other bulbs, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; pathogen of Allium, Iris, tulip Dugan et al. 2017Penicillium albocoremium (Frisvad) Frisvad, Int. Mod. Tax. Meth. Pen. Asp. Clas.: 275. 2000. [MB459817]. Basionym: Penicillium hirsutum var. albocoremium Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 856. 1990. [MB126411]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ITS barcode: AJ004819 (alternative markers: BenA = KU896812; CaM = KU896819; RPB2 = KU904344). Penicillium alexiae2013soil, protolguePenicillium alexiae Visagie et al., Persoonia 31: 59. 2013. [MB803785]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: KC790400 (alternative markers: BenA = KC773778; CaM = KC773803; RPB2 = KX961291). Penicillium alfredii2014dust, protologuePenicillium alfredii Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 116. 2014. [MB809180]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Alfrediorum, ser. Alfrediorum. ITS barcode: KJ775684 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ775177; CaM = KJ775411; RPB2 = KJ834520). Penicillium allii1989unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)plant pathogen, garlic, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01411.x; https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; Valdez et al garlic pathogen Argentina https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01960.xpresent in NZ +btub, unpublished from MPIPenicillium allii Vincent & Pitt, Mycologia 81: 300. 1989. [MB125498]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. Reproduction: asexual. ITS barcode: AJ005484 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674331; CaM = KU896820; RPB2 = KU904345). Penicillium allii-sativi2012Dugan regards as nonpathogenic, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197, although has been reported on Allium bulbsPenicillium allii-sativi Frisvad et al., Persoonia 29: 89. 2012. [MB801873]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: JX997021 (alternative markers: BenA = JX996891; CaM = JX996232; RPB2 = JX996627). Penicillium alogum2016soil, protologuePenicillium alogum Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 263. 2016. [MB815772]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Stolkia, ser. Stolkia. ITS barcode: KT887869 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887830; CaM = KT887791; RPB2 = MN969172). Penicillium alutaceum1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium alutaceum D.B. Scott, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 36: 17. 1968. [MB335708]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Alutacea. ITS barcode: AF033454 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834430; CaM = KP016768; RPB2 = JN121489). Penicillium amaliae2013saprobe, protologuePenicillium amaliae Visagie et al., Persoonia 31: 52. 2013. [MB803784]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: JX091443 (alternative markers: BenA = JX091563; CaM = JX141557; RPB2 = KX961292). Penicillium americanum2019air sample, protologuePenicillium americanum Jurjevi
c et al., Persoonia 42: 443. 2019. [MB830667]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Soppiorum. ITS barcode: MK791278 (alternative markers: BenA = MK803427; CaM = MK803428; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium amphipolaria2016soil, protologuePenicillium amphipolaria Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 269. 2016. [MB815777]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: KT887872 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887833; CaM = KT887794; RPB2 = MN969177). Penicillium anatolicum1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium anatolicum Stolk, Antonie van Leenwenhoek 34: 46. 1968. [MB335710]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Euglauca. ITS barcode: AF033425 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606849; CaM = JN606571; RPB2 = JN606593). Penicillium angulare2004litter saprobe, protologuePenicillium angulare S.W. Peterson et al., Mycologia 96: 1289. 2004. [MB487891]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: AF125937 (alternative markers: BenA = KC773779; CaM = KC773804; RPB2 = JN406554). Penicillium angustiporcatum 1983unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium angustiporcatum Takada & Udagawa, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 24: 143. 1983. [MB108322]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Gracilenta, ser. Angustiporcata. ITS barcode: KC411690 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834431; CaM = MN969235; RPB2 = JN406617). Penicillium annulatum2015air sample, protologuePenicillium annulatum Visagie & K. Jacobs, Mycol. Prog. 14 (no. 96): 14. 2015. [MB809817]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: JX091426 (alternative markers: BenA = JX091514; CaM = JX141545; RPB2 = KF296410). Penicillium antarcticum 1999endophyte - protologue; toxin producer, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294present in NZ +ITS MN077471 as P. attenuatumPenicillium antarcticum A.D. Hocking & C.F. McRae, Polar Biol. 21: 103. 1999. [MB482749]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Atroveneta. ITS barcode: KJ834503 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969371; CaM = MN969236; RPB2 = JN406653). Penicillium aotearoae2016soil, protologuepresent in NZ +ITS KT887874; btub KT887835Penicillium aotearoae Visagie & Seifert, Persoonia 36: 265. 2016. [MB815774]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: KT887874 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887835; CaM = KT887796; RPB2 = MN969174). Penicillium apimei2018bee hives Brasil, nonpathogenic, protologuePenicillium apimei R.N. Barbosa et al., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 111: 1891. 2018. [MB822208]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Gracilenta, ser. Macrosclerotiorum. ITS barcode: MF278310 (alternative markers: BenA = LT854641; CaM = LT882717; RPB2 = LT854650). Penicillium aquaticum2018saprobe, aquatic plant debris, protologuePenicillium aquaticum Hyang B. Lee et al., Fungal Diversity 89: 173. 2018. [MB822166]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Gracilenta, ser. Macrosclerotiorum. ITS barcode: KY587453 (alternative markers: BenA = KY587450; CaM = KY587447; RPB2 = KY587449). Penicillium arabicum1968soil, protologuePenicillium arabicum Baghd., Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 5: 105. 1968. [MB335711]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Restricta. ITS barcode: KC411758 (alternative markers: BenA = KP016750; CaM = KP016770; RPB2 = KP064574). Penicillium araracuarense (as araracuaraense)2011litter saprobe, protologuePenicillium araracuaraense Houbraken, et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61: 1469. 2011. [MB518025]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: GU981597 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981642; CaM = MN969237; RPB2 = KF296414). Penicillium ardesiacum 1974unrecorded in NZon Vitis twigs, peduncles, fruit, protologue; on Vitis stems during drying, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002unrecorded in NZPenicillium ardesiacum Novobr., Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 11: 228. 1974. [MB319257]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Pinetorum. ITS barcode: KM189565 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088805; CaM = KM089190; RPB2 = KM089577). Penicillium argentinense2011soil, protologuePenicillium argentinense Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 78. 2011. [MB563185]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Euglauca. ITS barcode: JN831361 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606815; CaM = JN606549; RPB2 = MN969105). Penicillium arianeae 2013soil, protologuePenicillium arianeae Visagie et al., Persoonia 31: 59. 2013. [MB803786]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: KC773833 (alternative markers: BenA = KC773784; CaM = KC773811; RPB2 = KX961294). Penicillium arizonense2016soil, litter, Sect. Canescentia, Houbracken 2020Penicillium arizonense Frisvad et al., Sci. Rep. 6: 35112, 8. 2016. [MB817128]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Canescentia. ITS barcode: MH492021 (alternative markers: BenA = MH492019; CaM = MH492020; RPB2 = MH492022). Penicillium armarii 2014dust, protologuePenicillium armarii Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 410. 2014. [MB809955]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Glabra. ITS barcode: KM189758 (alternative markers: BenA = KM089007; CaM = KM089394; RPB2 = KM089781). part of P. glabrum complex, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; Penicillium astrolabium2007saprobe on healthy grape, protologuePenicillium astrolabium R. Serra & S.W. Peterson, Mycologia 99: 80. 2007. [MB504766]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Olsoniorum. ITS barcode: DQ645804 (alternative markers: BenA = DQ645793; CaM = DQ645808; RPB2 = JN406634). Penicillium asymmetricum2011litter saprobe, protologue of basionymPenicillium asymmetricum (Subram. & Sudha) Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 47. 2011. [MB561963]. Basionym: Thysanophora asymmetrica Subram. & Sudha, Kavaka 13: 88. 1987. [MB135502]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Thysanophora, ser. Thysanophora. ITS barcode: n.a. (alternative markers: BenA = n.a.; CaM = n.a.; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium athertonense 2014soil, protologuePenicillium athertonense Houbraken, Stud. Mycol. 78: 412. 2014. [MB809956]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Pinetorum. ITS barcode: KM189462 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088690; CaM = KM089075; RPB2 = KM089462). Penicillium atramentosum 1910unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)toxic; originally isolated from cheese, protologue; toxin, Frisvad 1989unrecorded in NZPenicillium atramentosum Thom, U.S.D.A. Bur. Animal Industr. Bull. 118: 65. 1910. [MB237291]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Paradoxa, ser. Atramentosa. ITS barcode: AF033483 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674402; CaM = KU896821; RPB2 = JN406584). Penicillium atrofulvum2011soil, protologuePenicillium atrofulvum Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 80. 2011. [MB563183]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617663 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606677; CaM = JN606387; RPB2 = JN606620). Penicillium atrolazulinum2016air sample, protologuePenicillium atrolazulinum Visagie & K. Jacobs, IMA Fungus 7: 91. 2016. [MB811001]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Corylophila. ITS barcode: JX140913 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141077; CaM = JX157416; RPB2 = KP064575). Penicillium atrosanguineum 1973Triticum seeds, no mention of pathogenicity, protologue; NZ isolate ex house dustpresent in NZITS KJ775603; btub KJ775096Penicillium atrosanguineum B.X. Dong, Cesk
a Mycol. 27: 174. 1973. [MB319260]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: JN617706 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834435; CaM = KP016771; RPB2 = JN406557). Penicillium atrovenetum 1956unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium atrovenetum G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 39: 112. 1956. [MB302377]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Atroveneta. ITS barcode: AF033492 (alternative markers: BenA = JX140944; CaM = KJ867004; RPB2 = JN121467). Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum2011air sample, protologuepresent in NZLSU MH877880; btub JN606703 (CBS 126230)Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 80. 2011. [MB563206]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617670 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606702; CaM = MN969238; RPB2 = MN969106). Penicillium aurantiogriseum 1901present in NZAnimal path (toxin)possible plant pathogen bulbs, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197, pathogenicity not proven [regard P. cellarum, a pathogen of beets, as a seperate species]; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; cereal spoilage mould https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8; toxin, Frisvad 1989present in NZ +Penicillium aurantiogriseum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 88. 1901. [MB247956]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ITS barcode: AF033476 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969372; CaM = KU896822; RPB2 = JN406573). species complex; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8 Penicillium aurantioviolaceum1923soil, protologue; non-toxic, Frisvad 1989Penicillium aurantioviolaceum Biourge, Cellule 33: 282. 1923. [MB257885]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KM189756 (alternative markers: BenA = KM089005; CaM = KM089392; RPB2 = KM089779). Penicillium austricola2016protea flower tissues, protologuePenicillium austricola Visagie & K. Jacobs, Persoonia 36: 139. 2016. [MB805184]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: JX091466 (alternative markers: BenA = JX091579; CaM = JX141600; RPB2 = KF303705). Penicillium austroafricanum 2014saprobe, protologue [isolated from leaf, no disease mentioned]Penicillium austroafricanum Houbraken & Visagie, Stud. Mycol. 78: 412. 2014. [MB809957]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KM189610 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088854; CaM = KM089241; RPB2 = KM089628). Penicillium austrosinense2018soil, protologuePenicillium austrosinense L. Cai et al., Cladistics 35: 525. 2018 [2019]. [MB818164]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: KY495007 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495116; CaM = MN969328; RPB2 = KY495061). Penicillium austrosinicum2017rotten fruit, protologue, presumably saprobe, no mention of diseasePenicillium austrosinicum X.C. Wang & W.Y. Zhuang, Sci. Rep. 7: 8233, 3. 2017. [MB570338]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: KX885061 (alternative markers: BenA = KX885041; CaM = KX885051; RPB2 = KX885032). Penicillium balearicum2019dung, protologuePenicillium balearicum Guevara-Suarez et al., Fungal Syst. Evol. 5: 54. 2019 [2020]. [MB822061]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Paradoxa, ser. Atramentosa. ITS barcode: LT899762 (alternative markers: BenA = LT898227; CaM = LT899758; RPB2 = LT899760). Penicillium beceitense2019dung, protologuePenicillium beceitense Guevara-Suarez et al., Fungal Syst. Evol. 5: 55. 2019 [2020] [MB822063]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Lanosa. ITS barcode: LT899780 (alternative markers: BenA = LT898229; CaM = LT899764; RPB2 = LT899798). Penicillium bialowiezense 1927present in NZsoil, protologue; on mushrooms, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdfpresent in NZPenicillium bialowiezense K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 450. 1927. [MB258429]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Brevicompacta. ITS barcode: EU587315 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674439; CaM = AY484828; RPB2 = JN406604). Penicillium biforme 1910Series Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020; reports as toxin producer incorrect, Frisvad 1989Penicillium biforme Thom, U.S.D.A. Bur. Animal Industr. Bull. 118: 54. 1910. [MB240764]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ITS barcode: KC411731 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969373; CaM = KU896823; RPB2 = KU904346). Penicillium bilaiae1950present in NZsoil, protologuepresent in NZ +Penicillium bilaiae Chalab., Bot. Mater. Otd. Sporov. Rast. 6: 165. 1950. [MB302379]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: JN714937 (alternative markers: BenA = JN625966; CaM = JN626009; RPB2 = JN406610). Penicillium bissettii2016soil, protologue; root endophyte in NZ (present in NZ +ITS MN864190, MW862794 (ICMP 21333 ex Agathis root)Penicillium bissettii Visagie & Seifert, Persoonia 36: 269. 2016. [MB815778]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum.ITS barcode: KT887845 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887806; CaM = KT887767; RPB2 = MN969178). Penicillium boreae 2002unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium boreae S.W. Peterson & Sigler, Mycol. Res. 106: 1112. 2002. [MB483980]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Stolkia, ser. Stolkia. ITS barcode: AF481122 (alternative markers: BenA = JN617715; CaM = AF481138; RPB2 = MN969107). Penicillium bovifimosum2011dung, protologuePenicillium bovifimosum (Tuthill & Frisvad) Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 47. 2011. [MB561957]. Basionym: Eupenicillium bovifimosum Tuthill & Frisvad, Mycologia 94: 241. 2002. [MB456124]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Turbata, ser. Turbata. ITS barcode: AF263347 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834436; CaM = FJ530989; RPB2 = JN406649). Penicillium brasilianum 1957unrecorded in NZmild pathogen onions, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; toxin, Frisvad 1989unrecorded in NZPenicillium brasilianum Bat., Anais Soc. Biol. Pernambuco 15: 162. 1957. [MB302381]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: GU981577 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981629; CaM = MN969239; RPB2 = KF296420). Penicillium brefeldianum 1933unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)human lung, protologuepresent in NZ +Penicillium brefeldianum B.O. Dodge, Mycologia 25: 92. 1933. [MB258851]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: AF033435 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981623; CaM = EU021683; RPB2 = KF296421). Penicillium brevicompactum 1901present in NZAnimal path (toxin)toxic, mushrooms, processed foods, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; coffee endophyte, Peterson et al. Mycologia 97(3): 662 (2005); toxin Frisvad 1989present in NZ +ITS KJ775605; btub KJ775098Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 88. 1901. [MB149773]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Brevicompacta. ITS barcode: AY484912 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674437; CaM = AY484813; RPB2 = JN406594). Penicillium brevistipitatum 2005dung, Houbracken 2020Penicillium brevistipitatum L. Wang & W.Y. Zhuang, Mycotaxon 93: 234. 2005. [MB356064]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Robsamsonia. ITS barcode: DQ221696 (alternative markers: BenA = DQ221695; CaM = KU896824; RPB2 = JN406528). Penicillium brocae2003unrecorded in NZdung, protologue; coffee pathogen, Peterson Mycologia 97(3): 662 (2005)present in NZPenicillium brocae S.W. Peterson et al., Mycologia 95: 143. 2003. [MB373658]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: AF484398 (alternative markers: BenA = KC773787; CaM = KC773814; RPB2 = JN406639). Penicillium brunneoconidiatum 2014soil, protologuePenicillium brunneoconidiatum Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 415. 2014. [MB809958]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Pinetorum. ITS barcode: KM189666 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088911; CaM = KM089298; RPB2 = KM089685). Penicillium buchwaldii2013air and stored foods, protologuepresent in NZITS KJ775610; btub KJ775103Penicillium buchwaldii Frisvad & Samson, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 339: 86. 2013. [MB800966]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Buchwaldiorum. ITS barcode: JX313164 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969374; CaM = JX313148; RPB2 = JN406637). Penicillium burgense 2016soil, protologuePenicillium burgense Quintan. ex Visagie, IMA Fungus 7: 94. 2016. [MB816641]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: KC411736 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834437; CaM = KP016772; RPB2 = JN406572). Penicillium bussumense 2014soil, protologuePenicillium bussumense Houbraken, Stud. Mycol. 78: 415. 2014. [MB809959]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Glabra. ITS barcode: KM189458 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088685; CaM = KM089070; RPB2 = KM089457). part of P. glabrum complex, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; Penicillium cainii2011stored Juglandaceae nuts, protologue, doi:10.3114/sim.2011.70.03Penicillium cainii K.G. Rivera et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 147. 2011. [MB563159]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: JN686435 (alternative markers: BenA = JN686366; CaM = JN686389; RPB2 = MT156346). Penicillium cairnsense 2011soil, protologuePenicillium cairnsense Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 83. 2011. [MB563184]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617669 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606693; CaM = MN969240; RPB2 = MN969108). Penicillium camemberti 1906present in NZAnimal path (toxin)Toxin (cyclopiazonic acid), protologue; toxic in high concentrations, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopiazonic_acid; Series Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020; toxin, Frisvad 1989present in NZPenicillium camemberti Thom, U.S.D.A. Bur. Animal Industr. Bull. 82: 33. 1906. [MB175171]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ITS barcode: AB479314 (alternative markers: BenA = FJ930956; CaM = KU896825; RPB2 = MN969109). Penicillium camponotum2016ants, protologuePenicillium camponotum Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 271. 2016. [MB815779]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: KT887855 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887816; CaM = KT887777; RPB2 = MN969179). Penicillium canariense 2002unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium canariense S.W. Peterson & Sigler, Mycol. Res. 106: 1113. 2002. [MB483981]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Stolkia, ser. Stolkia. ITS barcode: AF481121 (alternative markers: BenA = JN617714; CaM = AF481137; RPB2 = MN969110). Penicillium canescens 1912present in NZsoil, litter, Sect. Canescentia, Houbracken 2020; (root endophyte in NZ); non-toxic, Frisvad 1989present in NZ +ITS MN864193 (as Penicillium kapuscinskii)Penicillium canescens Sopp, Skr. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiana Math.- Nat. Kl. 11: 181. 1912. [MB153765]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Canescentia. ITS barcode: AF033493 (alternative markers: BenA = JX140946; CaM = MN969241; RPB2 = JN121485). Penicillium canis 2014mammal bone, ooportunistic infection, protologue, DOI: 10.1128/JCM.03602-13Penicillium canis S.W. Peterson, J. Clin. Microbiol. 52: 2450. 2014. [MB807056]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: KJ511291 (alternative markers: BenA = KF900167; CaM = KF900177; RPB2 = KF900196). Penicillium cantabricum2016soil, protologuePenicillium cantabricum Visagie & Samson, Persoonia 36: 142. 2016. [MB808263]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: KF303655 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303615; CaM = KF303646; RPB2 = KF303682). Penicillium caperatum1973soil, protologuePenicillium caperatum Udagawa & Y. Horie, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 14: 371. 1973. [MB319262]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: KC411761 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981660; CaM = MN969242; RPB2 = KF296422). Penicillium caprifimosum2019dung, protologuePenicillium caprifimosum Guevara-Suarez et al., Fungal Syst. Evol. 5: 55. 2019 [2020]. [MB822064]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Turbata, ser. Turbata. ITS barcode: LT899781 (alternative markers: BenA = LT898238; CaM = LT899765; RPB2 = LT899799). Penicillium capsulatum 1948present in NZsurface contaminant, protologuepresent in NZ +Penicillium capsulatum Raper & Fennell, Mycologia 40: 528. 1948. [MB289079]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Ramigena, ser. Ramigena. ITS barcode: AF033429 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969375; CaM = KP735539; RPB2 = JN406582). Penicillium carneum 1996unrecorded in NZpathogen, toxin [incl Penitrems, acutely toxic], https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; spoilage of meat, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; toxic, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294; apple pathogen Louw MScunrecorded in NZPenicillium carneum (Frisvad) Frisvad, Microbiology 142: 546. 1996. [MB415652]. Basionym: Penicillium roqueforti var. carneum Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 858. 1990. [MB126415]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Roquefortorum, ser. Roquefortorum. ITS barcode: HQ442338 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674386; CaM = HQ442322; RPB2 = JN406642). Penicillium cartierense 2014soil, protologuePenicillium cartierense Houbraken, Stud. Mycol. 78: 415. 2014. [MB809960]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KM189564 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088804; CaM = KM089189; RPB2 = KM089576). Penicillium caseifulvum1998Cheese contaminant, protologue; Series Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020Penicillium caseifulvum Lund et al., J. Food Mycol. 1: 97. 1998. [MB446013]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ITS barcode: KJ834504 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674372; CaM = KU896826; RPB2 = KU904347). Penicillium catalonicum2016soil, protologuePenicillium catalonicum Visagie & Samson, Persoonia 36: 142. 2016. [MB808265]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: KF303650 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303609; CaM = KF303644; RPB2 = KF303683). Penicillium cataractarum2013saprobe, fallen nuts, protologuePenicillium cataractarum Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 271. 2016. [MB819777]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: KT887847 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887808; CaM = KT887769; RPB2 = MN969180). Penicillium catenatum 1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium catenatum D.B. Scott, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 36: 24. 1968. [MB335719]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: KC411754 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834438; CaM = KP016774; RPB2 = JN121504). Penicillium cavernicola2004Toxin. Series Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdfPenicillium cavernicola Frisvad & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 49: 31. 2004. [MB370976]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ITS barcode: KJ834505 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834439; CaM = KU896827; RPB2 = KU904348). Penicillium chalabudae2016soil, protologuePenicillium chalabudae Visagie, IMA Fungus 7: 94. 2016. [MB816642]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Restricta. ITS barcode: KP016811 (alternative markers: BenA = KP016748; CaM = KP016767; RPB2 = KP064572). Penicillium charlesii 1933stored seed Zea mays; nontoxic Frisvad 1989Penicillium charlesii G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 18: 90. 1933. [MB260433]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Charlesia, ser. Fellutana. ITS barcode: AF033400 (alternative markers: BenA = JX091508; CaM = AY741727; RPB2 = JN121486). Penicillium chermesinum 1923unrecorded in NZon cheese, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium chermesinum Biourge, Cellule 33: 284. 1923. [MB260472]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Charlesia, ser. Indica. ITS barcode: AY742693 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834441; CaM = AY741728; RPB2 = MN969111). Penicillium choerospondiatis2017rotten fruit, protologue, presumably saprobe, no mention of diseasePenicillium choerospondiatis X.C. Wang & W.Y. Zhuang, Sci. Rep. 7: 8233, 5. 2017. [MB570333]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Herqueorum. ITS barcode: KX885063 (alternative markers: BenA = KX885043; CaM = KX885053; RPB2 = KX885034). Penicillium christenseniae 2011soil, protologuePenicillium christenseniae Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 85. 2011. [MB563187]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617674 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606680; CaM = MN969243; RPB2 = JN606624). Penicillium chroogomphi2016mushroom, protologuePenicillium chroogomphum F. Xu et al., Mycoscience 57: 82. 2016. [MB813567]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Soppiorum. ITS barcode: KC594043 (alternative markers: BenA = KP684056; CaM = KP684057; RPB2 = MN969167). Penicillium chrysogenum 1910present in NZanimal path (opportunistic)toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; animal toxin, DOI: 10.1139/m76-038 as P. meleagrinum; toxin Frisvad 1989; apple blue mould http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/disease-management/blue-mold/; Falloon 1985, ryegrass seeds in NZ, morphological IDpresent in NZ +Penicillium chrysogenum Thom, U.S.D.A. Bur. Animal Industr. Bull. 118: 58. 1910. [MB165757]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: AF033465 (alternative markers: BenA = JF909955; CaM = JX996273; RPB2 = JN121487). Penicillium chrzaszczii 1927soil, protologue; nontoxiv Frisvad 1989Penicillium chrzaszczii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 464. 1927. [MB260609]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: GU944603 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606758; CaM = MN969244; RPB2 = JN606628). Penicillium cinerascens 1923unrecorded in NZToxin (citreoviridin, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citreoviridin), Houbracken 2020unrecorded in NZPenicillium cinerascens Biourge, Cellule 33: 308, 1923. [MB260785]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Citreonigra. ITS barcode: AF033455 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141041; CaM = JX157405; RPB2 = MN969112). Penicillium cinereoatrum1950soil, protologuePenicillium cinereoatrum Chalab., Bot. Mater. Otd. Sporov. Rast. 6: 167. 1950. [MB302385]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Restricta. ITS barcode: KC411700 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834442; CaM = KP125335; RPB2 = JN406608). Penicillium cinnamopurpureum 1959stored rice, protologuePenicillium cinnamopurpureum Abe ex Udagawa, J. Agric. Food Sci. 5: 1. 1959. [MB302386]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Cinnamopurpurea. ITS barcode: EF626950 (alternative markers: BenA = EF626948; CaM = EF626949; RPB2 = JN406533). Penicillium circulare2019soil, protologuePenicillium circulare Hyang B. Lee et al., Fungal Diversity 96: 97. 2019. [MB555413]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: n.a. (alternative markers: BenA = MK481057; CaM = MK481061; RPB2 = MK481053). Penicillium citreonigrum1901present in NZAnimal path (toxin)Toxin (citreoviridin, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citreoviridin), Houbracken 2020; toxin, Frisvad 1989present in NZITS KJ775617 (house dust), plus othersPenicillium citreonigrum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 86. 1901. [MB165197]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Citreonigra. ITS barcode: AF033456 (alternative markers: BenA = EF198621; CaM = EF198628; RPB2 = JN121474). Penicillium citreosulfuratum1923Toxin (citreoviridin, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citreoviridin), Houbracken 2020Penicillium citreosulfuratum Biourge, Cellule 33: 285, 1923. [MB260947]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Citreonigra. ITS barcode: KP016814 (alternative markers: BenA = KP016753; CaM = KP016777; RPB2 = KP064615). Penicillium citrinum1910present in NZAnimal path (toxin)post-harvest decay, https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/39565; possible bulb pathogen, perhaps uncertain ID, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; toxicity rare, doi: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.05.003; v widespread on all sorts of substrtaes, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0047-z; animal toxin, DOI: 10.1139/m76-038present in NZ +Penicillium citrinum Thom, U.S.D.A. Bur. Animal Industr. Bull. 118: 61. 1910. [MB165293]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Citrina. ITS barcode: AF033422 (alternative markers: BenA = GU944545; CaM = MN969245; RPB2 = JF417416). Penicillium clavigerum 1923unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxin, Frisvad 1989; toxic , Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294unrecorded in NZPenicillium clavigerum Demelius, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 72: 74. 1923. [MB261069]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Clavigera. ITS barcode: DQ339555 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674427; CaM = KU896828; RPB2 = KU904349). Penicillium clavistipitatum 2014soil, protologuePenicillium clavistipitatum Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 419. 2014. [MB809961]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Pinetorum. ITS barcode: KM189667 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088912; CaM = KM089299; RPB2 = KM089686). Penicillium cluniae1990soil, protologuePenicillium cluniae Quintan. nom. inval. (Art. 40.7), Av. Aliment. Mejora Anim. 30: 174. 1990. [MB130240]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: MN431386 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969376; CaM = MN969246; RPB2 = KF296424). Penicillium coccotrypicola2014saprobic, various substrates, protologuePenicillium coccotrypicola Holdom et al., Persoonia 33: 285. [MB810327]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Clavigera. ITS barcode: KM605436 (alternative markers: BenA = KM605437; CaM = MN969321; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium coeruleum1923?Penicillium coeruleum Sopp in Biourge, Cellule 33: 102. 1923. [MB446014]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: GU981606 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981655; CaM = MN969247; RPB2 = KF296425). Penicillium coffeae2005endophyte, coffee tissue, protologuePenicillium coffeae S.W. Peterson et al., Mycologia 97: 662. 2005. [MB340281]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Charlesia, ser. Phoenicea. ITS barcode: AY742702 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834443; CaM = AY741747; RPB2 = JN121436). Penicillium colei2015saprobe, pecan shell, protologuePenicillium colei S.W. Peterson et al., PLoS ONE 10: 0121987, 10. 2015. [MB807368]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: KF932958 (alternative markers: BenA = KF932926; CaM = KF932942; RPB2 = KF932996). Penicillium commune 1910unrecorded in NZanimal path (opportunistic)Toxin, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopiazonic_acid; Series Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; food spoilage https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; toxin, Frisvad 1989; toxin in spoiled food, 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.025; apple blue mould http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/disease-management/blue-mold/present in NZ +ITS KJ775611; btub KJ775104Penicillium commune Thom, U.S.D.A. Bur. Animal Industr. Bull. 118: 56. 1910. [MB164241]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ITS barcode: AY213672 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969377; CaM = KU896829; RPB2 = KU904350). Penicillium compactum2016toxic; dung, Houbracken 2020; toxic , Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294Penicillium compactum L. Wang & Houbraken, Persoonia 36: 309. 2016. [MB810216]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Robsamsonia. ITS barcode: KM973207 (alternative markers: BenA = KM973203; CaM = KM973200; RPB2 = KT698909). Penicillium concentricum1976unrecorded in NZtoxin; dung, Houbracken 2020; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxic, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294 [some strains]unrecorded in NZPenicillium concentricum Samson et al., Stud. Mycol. 11: 17. 1976. [MB319263]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Robsamsonia. ITS barcode: KC411763 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674413; CaM = DQ911131; RPB2 = KT900575). Penicillium confertum 1990unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; soil, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdfunrecorded in NZPenicillium confertum (Frisvad et al.) Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 852. 1990. [MB126404]. Basionym: Penicillium glandicola var. confertum Frisvad et al., Canad. J. Bot. 65: 769. 1987. [MB131769]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: JX997081 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674373; CaM = JX996963; RPB2 = JX996708). Penicillium coniferophilum2011soil, protologuePenicillium coniferophilum Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 47. 2011. [MB561968]. Replaced synonym: Thysanophora striatis- pora G.L. Barron & W.B. Cooke, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 40 (3–4): 353. 1970. [MB324607]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Thysanophora, ser. Thysanophora. ITS barcode: n.a. (alternative markers: BenA = n.a.; CaM = n.a.; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium consobrinum2016soil, protologuePenicillium consobrinum Visagie & K. Jacobs, IMA Fungus 7: 96. 2016. [MB811002]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Corylophila. ITS barcode: JX140888 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141135; CaM = JX157453; RPB2 = KP064619). Penicillium contaminatum 2014soil, protologuePenicillium contaminatum Houbraken, Stud. Mycol. 78: 419. 2014. [MB809962]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KM189554 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088793; CaM = KM089178; RPB2 = KM089565). Penicillium coprobium 1990unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)toxin; dung, Houbracken 2020; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxic , Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294unrecorded in NZPenicillium coprobium Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 853. 1990. [MB126405]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Robsamsonia. ITS barcode: DQ339559 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674425; CaM = KU896830; RPB2 = KT900576). Penicillium coprophilum 1986unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)toxin; dung, Houbracken 2020; toxin, Frisvad 1989present in NZPenicillium coprophilum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Seifert & Samson, Adv. Pen. Asp. Syst.: 145. 1986 [1985]. [MB114760]. Basionym: Coremium coprophilum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 10: 363. 1868. [MB150510]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Robsamsonia. ITS barcode: AF033469 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674421; CaM = KU896831; RPB2 = JN406645). Penicillium copticola2011spoiled food, protologuePenicillium copticola Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 88. 2011. [MB563205]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Copticolarum. ITS barcode: JN617685 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606817; CaM = JN606553; RPB2 = JN606599). Penicillium coralligerum 1963unrecorded in NZstored seeds, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium coralligerum Nicot & Pionnat, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 78: 245. 1963 [1962]. [MB335721]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Atroveneta. ITS barcode: JN617667 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969378; CaM = MN969248; RPB2 = JN406632). Penicillium corvianum2016soil, litter, Sect. Canescentia, Houbracken 2020Penicillium corvianum Visagie & Seifert, Persoonia 36: 259. 2016. [MB815770]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Canescentia. ITS barcode: KT887875 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887836; CaM = KT887797; RPB2 = MN969170). Penicillium corylophilum 1901present in NZsaprobe, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_corylophilum; http://www.schimmel-schimmelpilze.de/penicillium-corylophilum.html; non-toxic, Frisvad 1989present in NZ +ITS KJ775626; btub KJ775119.1 Penicillium corylophilum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 86. 1901. [MB178294]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Corylophila. ITS barcode: AF033450 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141042; CaM = KP016780; RPB2 = KP064631). Penicillium cosmopolitanum2011soil, protologuepresent in NZbtub JN606745Penicillium cosmopolitanum Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 91. 2011. [MB563188]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617691 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606733; CaM = MN969249; RPB2 = MN969113). Penicillium costaricense2016insect intestines, protologuePenicillium costaricense Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 263. 2016. [MB815773]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Charlesia, ser. Costaricensia. ITS barcode: MN431396 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887834; CaM = KT887795; RPB2 = MN969173). Penicillium cravenianum2016soil, protologuePenicillium cravenianum Visagie & K. Jacobs, IMA Fungus 7: 96. 2016. [MB811003]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Corylophila. ITS barcode: JX140900 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141076; CaM = JX157418; RPB2 = KP064636). Penicillium cremeogriseum1950unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium cremeogriseum Chalab., Bot. Mater. Otd. Sporov. Rast. 6: 168. 1950. [MB302390]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: GU981586 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981624; CaM = MN969250; RPB2 = KF296426). Penicillium crocicola 1956type from Crocus bulb, isolates from soil also doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002Penicillium crocicola W. Yamam., Sci. Rep. Hyogo Univ. Agric. 2: 28. 1956. [MB302391]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KM189581 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834445; CaM = KM089210; RPB2 = JN406535). Penicillium crustosum 1930present in NZAnimal path (toxin)plant pathogen bulbs, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197, pathogen of onions but not other bulbs; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; various crops https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; animal pathogen, PMCID: PMC187226 as P. terrestre; toxin, Frisvad 1989; toxin in spoiled food, 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.025; pathogen onion and Iris, Dugan et al. 2017present in NZ +ITS KJ775628; btub KJ775121Penicillium crustosum Thom, The Penicillia: 399. 1930. [MB262401]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ITS barcode: AF033472 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969379; CaM = DQ911132; RPB2 = MN969114). Penicillium cryptum 1986unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium cryptum Goch., Mycotaxon 26: 349. 1986. [MB103648]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Crypta, ser. Crypta. ITS barcode: KF303647 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303608; CaM = KF303628; RPB2 = JN121478). Penicillium crystallinum2014soil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium crystallinum (Kwon-Chung & Fennell) Samson et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 355. 2014. [MB809315]. Basionym: Aspergillus crystallinus Kwon-Chung & Fennell, Gen. Aspergillus: 471. 1965. [MB326624]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Paradoxa, ser. Paradoxa. ITS barcode: AF033486 (alternative markers: BenA = EF669682; CaM = FJ530973; RPB2 = EF669669). Penicillium cuddlyae2019saprobe, dog food, protologuePenicillium cuddlyae Visagie & I.H. Rong, Persoonia 43: 38. 2019 [MB832433]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Charlesia, ser. Indica. ITS barcode: MK951942 (alternative markers: BenA = MK951835; CaM = MK951908; RPB2 = MN418450). Penicillium curticaule2015soil, protologuePenicillium curticaule Visagie & K. Jacobs, Mycol. Prog. 14 (no. 96): 16. 2015. [MB809818]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: FJ231021 (alternative markers: BenA = JX091526; CaM = JX141536; RPB2 = KF296417). Penicillium cvjetkovicii2015air sample, protologuePenicillium cvjetkovicii S.W. Peterson et al., PLoS ONE 10: 0121987, 12. 2015. [MB807369]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: KF932963 (alternative markers: BenA = KF932931; CaM = KF932948; RPB2 = KF933002). Penicillium cyaneum1923unrecorded in NZ?present in NZ +Penicillium cyaneum (Bainier & Sartory) Biourge, Cellule 33: 102. 1923. [MB251712]. Basionym: Citromyces cyaneus Bainier & Sartory, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 29: 157. 1913. [MB178850]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Ramigena, ser. Ramigena. ITS barcode: AF033427 (alternative markers: BenA = JX091552; CaM = KP735540; RPB2 = JN406575). present in NZ based on specimen identified as P. sublateritium, a synonym of P. cyaneum Penicillium cyclopium 1911pathogen of beets, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197, but morphological ID only; nontoxic?; toxin, food spoilage cereals but no mention as a pathogen as such, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; rotten fruit, protologue; toxins, cereal spoilage, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8; animal toxin DOI: 10.1139/m76-038; toxin, Frisvad 1989; Frisvad et al. 2004 - toxin reports based on mis-IDs; minor importance as beet pathogen, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197present in NZPenicillium cyclopium Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 90. 1911. [MB156739]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ITS barcode: JN097811 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969380; CaM = KU896832; RPB2 = JN985388). aurantiogriseum complex https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8 Penicillium daejeonium 2013? pathogen - mouldy Vitis fruit, protologuePenicillium daejeonium S.H. Yu & H.K. Sang, J. Microbiol. 51: 537. 2013. [MB561572]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: JX436489 (alternative markers: BenA = JX436493; CaM = JX436491; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium daleae 1927unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium daleae K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 495. 1927. [MB262773]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: GU981583 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981649; CaM = MN969251; RPB2 = KF296427). Penicillium decaturense2004decomposing polypore, protologueoccurence uncertainPenicillium decaturense S.W. Peterson et al., Mycologia 96: 1290. 2004. [MB487890]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: GU944604 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606685; CaM = MN969252; RPB2 = JN606621). as cf decatursense in doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00294.x, needs confirming with beta-tubulin sequence Penicillium decumbens 1910present in NZanimal path (opportunistic)?present in NZ +ITS KJ775630; btub KJ775123Penicillium decumbens Thom, U.S.D.A. Bur. Animal Industr. Bull. 118: 71. 1910. [MB156582]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Alutacea. ITS barcode: AY157490 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834446; CaM = KP016782; RPB2 = JN406601). Penicillium desertorum 2012decomposing polypore, protologuePenicillium desertorum Frisvad et al., Persoonia 29: 90. 2012. [MB801874]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: JX997011 (alternative markers: BenA = JX996818; CaM = JX996937; RPB2 = JX996682). Penicillium diabolicalicense2016saprobe, dustpresent in NZ +ITS KT887840; btub KT887801 (Nothofagus forest litter)Penicillium diabolicalicense Visagie & Seifert, Persoonia 36: 265. 2016. [MB815775]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: KT887840 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887801; CaM = KT887762; RPB2 = MN969175). Penicillium diatomitis2018soil, protologuePenicillium diatomitis Kub
atov
a et al., Mycol. Prog. 18 (1-2): 223. 2018. [MB824352]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Oxalica. ITS barcode: FJ430748 (alternative markers: BenA = HE651133; CaM = LT970912; RPB2 = LT797560). Penicillium digitatum 1881present in NZplant path; Animal path (toxin)rot in Citrus, Houbracken 2020; citrus, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; apples, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=ypresent in NZ +Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc., Fung. Ital. Autogr. Delin.: tab. 894. 1881. Basionym: Aspergillus digitatus Pers., Disp. meth. Fung.: 41. 1794 ≡ Monilia digitata Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung.: 693. 1801. [nom. sanct., Fr., Syst. Mycol. 3: 411. 1832]. [MB169502]. — Neotype: Saccardo, Fung. Ital. Autogr. Delin.: tab. 894. 1881 (lectotype); CBS 112082 (epitype, in Frisvad & Samson 2004b). Ex-type: CBS 112082 = IBT 13068. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Digitata. ITS barcode: KJ834506 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834447; CaM = KU896833; RPB2 = JN121426). Penicillium dimorphosporum1970unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium dimorphosporum H.J. Swart, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 55: 310. 1970. [MB120334]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: AF081804 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834448; CaM = KP016783; RPB2 = JN121517). Penicillium dipodomyicola 2000toxins; mammal skin, protologue; on cereal and seeds, Houbracken 2020; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxic, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294Penicillium dipodomyicola (Frisvad et al.) Frisvad, Int. Mod. Meth. Pen. Asp. Clas.: 275. 2000. [MB459818]. Basionym: Penicillium gri- seofulvum var. dipodomyicola Frisvad et al., Canad. J. Bot. 65: 767. 1987. [MB131771]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Urticicola. ITS barcode: MN431387 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674409; CaM = KT900573; RPB2 = KT900577). Penicillium dipodomyis 2000unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)toxins; mammal skin, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium dipodomyus [as “dipodomyis”] (Frisvad et al.) Banke et al., Int. Mod. Meth. Pen. Asp. Clas.: 271. 2000. [MB459815]. Basionym: Penicillium chrysogenum var. dipodomyus Frisvad et al., Canad. J. Bot. 65: 766. 1987. [MB635036]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: MN431359 (alternative markers: BenA = AY495991; CaM = JX996950; RPB2 = JF909932). Penicillium discolor 1997unrecorded in NZToxic, on nuts etc, protologue; Series Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020; toxin Frisvad 1989unrecorded in NZPenicillium discolor Frisvad & Samson, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72: 120. 1997. [MB442902]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ITS barcode: AJ004816 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674348; CaM = KU896834; RPB2 = KU904351). Penicillium dokdoense2019soil, protologuePenicillium dokdoense Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Di- versity 95: 95. 2019. [MB554459]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Copticolarum. ITS barcode: MG906868 (alternative markers: BenA = MH243037; CaM = MH243031; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium donkii1973unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium donkii Stolk, Persoonia 7: 333. 1973. [MB319267]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Stolkia, ser. Stolkia. ITS barcode: AF033445 (alternative markers: BenA = JN617718; CaM = AF481136; RPB2 = MN969115). Penicillium dravuni 2005marine saprobe, protologuePenicillium dravuni Janso, Mycologia 97: 445. 2005. [MB501442]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: AY494856 (alternative markers: BenA = n.a.; CaM = n.a.; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium dunedinense2014soil, litter, Sect. Canescentia, Houbracken 2020present in NZITS KJ775678; btub KJ775171Penicillium dunedinense Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 121. 2014. [MB809183]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Canescentia. ITS barcode: KJ775678 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ775171; CaM = KJ775405; RPB2 = MN969116). Penicillium echinulatum 1997unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)Series Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020; originally isoLAted as lab contaminantunrecorded in NZPenicillium echinulatum Raper & Thom ex Fassat., Acta Univ. Carol., Biol. 1974: 326. 1977. [MB319269]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ITS barcode: AF033473 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674341; CaM = DQ911133; RPB2 = KU904352). Penicillium echinulonalgiovense S. Abe ex Houbraken & R.N. Bar- bosa Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 111: 1895. 2018. [MB822213]. 2018saprobic in beehive, Brasil, protologue, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1081-1Penicillium echinulonalgiovense S. Abe ex Houbraken & R.N. Bar- bosa Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 111: 1895. 2018. [MB822213]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: GU981587 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981631; CaM = KX961269; RPB2 = KX961301). Penicillium egyptiacum 1933unrecorded in NZ? culture contaminantunrecorded in NZPenicillium egyptiacum J.F.H. Beyma, Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Para- sitenk., Abt. 2 88: 137. 1933 [MB263790]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Crustacea. ITS barcode: AF033467 (alternative markers: BenA = KU896810; CaM = JX996969; RPB2 = JN406598). Penicillium ehrlichii1930unrecorded in NZ?unrecorded in NZPenicillium ehrlichii Kleb., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 48: 374. 1930. [MB319270]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: GU981578 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981652; CaM = MN969253; RPB2 = KF296428). Penicillium elleniae 2011leaf litter, protologuePenicillium elleniae Houbraken et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61: 1470. 2011. [MB518028]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: GU981612 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981663; CaM = MN969254; RPB2 = KF296429). Penicillium ellipsoideosporum2000ficus seeds, protologue - saprobe?Penicillium ellipsoideosporum L. Wang & W.Y. Kong, Mycosystema 19: 463. 2000. [MB467721]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: JX012224 (alternative markers: BenA = JQ965104; CaM = AY678559; RPB2 = JN121427). Penicillium eremophilum2017rotten fruit, protologue, presumably saprobe, no mention of diseasePenicillium eremophilum (A.D. Hocking & Pitt) Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 86: 47. 2017. [MB820075]. Basionym: Monascus eremophilus A.D. Hocking & Pitt, Mycologia 80: 84. 1988. [MB132383]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Eremophila, ser. Eremophila. ITS barcode: GU733341 (alternative markers: BenA = KY709170; CaM = KY611931; RPB2 = KY611970). Penicillium erubescens 1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium erubescens D.B. Scott, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 36: 14. 1968. [MB335726]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: AF033464 (alternative markers: BenA = HQ646566; CaM = EU427281; RPB2 = JN121490). Penicillium estinogenum 1963unrecorded in NZpresumed saprobe, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium estinogenum A. Komatsu & S. Abe ex G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 46: 335. 1963. [MB302397]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Gracilenta, ser. Estinogena. ITS barcode: MN431388 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969381; CaM = MN969255; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium euglaucum 1940saprobe?, on Acacia, protologuePenicillium euglaucum J.F.H. Beyma, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 6: 269. 1940. [MB289081]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Euglauca. ITS barcode: JN617699 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606856; CaM = JN606564; RPB2 = JN606594). Penicillium excelsum2015saprobe, shell of nut, protologuePenicillium excelsum Taniwaki et al., PLoS ONE 10: e0143189, 8. 2015. [MB811066]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: KR815341 (alternative markers: BenA = KP691061; CaM = KR815342; RPB2 = MN969166). Penicillium expansum 1809present in NZplant path; Animal path (toxin)plant pathogen, bulbs, apple, beets https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; mycotoxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; apples, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; toxin, Frisvad 1989; toxic, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294; pathogen garlic, onion, tulip, iris, Dugan 2017present in NZ +ITS MW862779 (ICMP 2708, ex rotten apple); btub unpublished ex MPIPenicillium expansum Link, Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 16. 1809. [MB159382]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Penicillium. ITS barcode: AY373912 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674400; CaM = DQ911134; RPB2 = JF417427). Penicillium exsudans2017rotten fruit, protologue, presumably saprobe, no mention of diseasePenicillium exsudans X.C. Wang & W.Y. Zhuang, Sci. Rep. 7: 8233, 7. 2017. [MB570336]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: KX885062 (alternative markers: BenA = KX885042; CaM = KX885052; RPB2 = KX885033). Penicillium fagi 1978saprobe, dead leaves, protologuePenicillium fagi C. Ramírez & A.T. Martínez, Mycopathologia 63: 57. 1978. [MB283595]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Corylophila. ITS barcode: AF481124 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834449; CaM = KP016784; RPB2 = JN406540). Penicillium fellutanum 1923present in NZnonpathogen on citrus, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; non-toxic, Frisvad 1989present in NZPenicillium fellutanum Biourge, Cellule 33: 262. 1923. [MB264748]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Charlesia, ser. Fellutana. ITS barcode: AF033399 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834450; CaM = AY741753; RPB2 = JN121460). Penicillium fennelliae 1969unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium fennelliae Stolk, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 35: 261. 1969. [MB335728]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Brevicompacta. ITS barcode: JX313169 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969382; CaM = JX313151; RPB2 = JN406536). Penicillium fernandesiae2018saprobic in beehive, protologuePenicillium fernandesiae R.N. Barbosa et al., Antonie van Leeu- wenhoek 111: 1895. 2018. [MB822209]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: MF278314 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969416; CaM = LT854649; RPB2 = LT854654). Penicillium fimorum2016dung, Houbracken 2020Penicillium fimorum Frisvad & Houbraken, Persoonia 36: 309. 2016. [MB815871]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Robsamsonia. ITS barcode: KU904343 (alternative markers: BenA = KT698889; CaM = KT698898; RPB2 = KT698908). Penicillium fimosum2019dung, protologuePenicillium fimosum Guevara-Suarez et al., Fungal Syst. Evol. 5: 58. 2019 [2020]. [MB822069]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Paradoxa, ser. Atramentosa. ITS barcode: LT970836 (alternative markers: BenA = LT898273; CaM = LT970837; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium flavigenum 1997unrecorded in NZsaprobe, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium flavigenum Frisvad & Samson, Mycol. Res. 101: 620. 1997. [MB437441]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: JX997105 (alternative markers: BenA = AY495993; CaM = JX996281; RPB2 = JN406551). Penicillium flaviroseum2018soil, protologuePenicillium flaviroseum L. Cai & X.Z. Jiang, Cladistics 35: 528. 2018 [2019]. [MB818159]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: KY495032 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495141; CaM = MN969329; RPB2 = KY495083). Penicillium flavisclerotiatum 2014soil, protologuePenicillium flavisclerotiatum Visagie et al., Houbraken & K. Jacobs, Stud. Mycol. 78: 419. 2014 [MB809963]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Pinetorum. ITS barcode: KM189644 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088888; CaM = KM089275; RPB2 = KM089662). Penicillium fluviserpens2015air sample, protologuePenicillium fluviserpens S.W. Peterson et al., PLoS ONE 10: 0121987, 14. 2015. [MB807370]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: KF932961 (alternative markers: BenA = KF932929; CaM = KF932946; RPB2 = KF933000). Penicillium formosanum 1987unrecorded in NZsoil, protologue; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdfunrecorded in NZPenicillium formosanum H.M. Hsieh et al., Trans. Mycol. Soc. Rep. China 2: 159. 1987. [MB126488]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Formosana, ser. Formosana. ITS barcode: KC411696 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674426; CaM = KU896835; RPB2 = JN406615). Penicillium fortuitum2018dust, protologuePenicillium fortuitum Visagie & Seifert, Persoonia 41: 387. 2018. [MB827860]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Fortuita. ITS barcode: MF803942 (alternative markers: BenA = MF803836; CaM = MF803932; RPB2 = MN969206). Penicillium fractum 1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium fractum Udagawa, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 9: 51. 1968. [MB335729]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Inusitata, ser. Inusitata. ITS barcode: KC411674 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834452; CaM = MN969256; RPB2 = JN121441). Penicillium freii2004unrecorded in NZcereal mould, protologue; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxins, cereal spoilage, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8unrecorded in NZPenicillium freii Frisvad & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 49: 28. 2004. [MB369274]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ITS barcode: MN431389 (alternative markers: BenA = KU896813; CaM = KU896836; RPB2 = KU904353). aurantiogriseum complex https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8 Penicillium frequentans 1911present in NZisolated from tulip bulbs, but taxonomy uncertain, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; soil etc, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002present in NZ +Penicillium frequentans Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 133. 1911. [MB152118]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Glabra. ITS barcode: KM189525 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088762; CaM = KM089147; RPB2 = KM089534). P. glabrum complex, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; Beta-tubulin BLAST slightly different to type of P. glabrum, but lots of putative P. frequentens identified as P. glabrum in GenBank; refc for new taxonomy http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; two ICMP cultures originally identified as P. frequentens now in database of P. glabrum but not certain about source of the redetermination Penicillium fructuariae-cellae2019saprobe?, withered grapes, protologuesPenicillium fructuariae-cellae Lorenzini et al., Phytopathol. Medit. 58: 337. 2019. [MB831228]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: MK039434 (alternative markers: BenA = KU554679; CaM = MK045337; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium fundyense2016ants, protologuePenicillium fundyense Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 265. 2016. [MB815776]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Citreonigra. ITS barcode: KT887853 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887814; CaM = KT887775; RPB2 = MN969176). Penicillium fuscum1923soil, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002Penicillium fuscum (Sopp) Biourge, Cellule 33: 103. 1923. [MB289082]. Basionym: Citromyces fuscus Sopp, Skr. Vidensk.- Selsk. Christiana Math.-Nat. Kl. 11: 120. 1912. [MB178643]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Pinetorum. ITS barcode: AF033411 (alternative markers: BenA = GQ367513; CaM = GQ367539; RPB2 = JN121483). Penicillium fusisporum 2014saprobe, Protea, protologuePenicillium fusisporum L. Wang, PLoS ONE 9: e101454, 2. 2014. [MB806119]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KF769424 (alternative markers: BenA = KF769400; CaM = KF769413; RPB2 = MN969117). Penicillium galliacum1980air sample, protologuePenicillium gallaicum C. Ramírez et al., Mycopathologia 72: 30. 1980. [MB113021]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Gallaica. ITS barcode: JN617690 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606837; CaM = JN606548; RPB2 = JN606609). Penicillium georgiense 2009protologue, Aspergillus head; onion pathogen, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197 [Pathogenic on onion, moderately aggressive (lesions ~4-5mm at 10 days) (Oh & al. 2015: morpho- cultural, β-tubulin DNA sequences]Penicillium georgiense S.W. Peterson & B.W. Horn, Mycologia 101: 79. 2009. [MB509290]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Ramigena, ser. Georgiensia. ITS barcode: EF422852 (alternative markers: BenA = EF506223; CaM = EF506239; RPB2 = KM089734). Penicillium geumsanense2019soil, protologuePenicillium geumsanense Hyang B. Lee et al., Fungal Diversity 96: 101. 2019. [MB555412]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Glandicolarum. ITS barcode: n.a. (alternative markers: BenA = MK481059; CaM = MK481062; RPB2 = MK481055). Penicillium glabrum 1911present in NZbulb pathogen, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; soil and litter doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; food spoilage, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; toxin in spoiled food, 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.025; pomegranate fruit rot, https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-12-1347Apresent in NZ +ITS KJ775635, btub KJ775128Penicillium glabrum (Wehmer) Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 131. 1911. [MB120545]. Basionym: Citromyces glaber Wehmer, Beitr. Einh. Pilze 1: 24. 1893. [MB178959]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Glabra. ITS barcode: GU981567 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981619; CaM = KM089152; RPB2 = JF417447). part of P. glabrum complex, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; Penicillium gladioli1928present in NZplant pathHoubracken 2020 - Series Gladioli is associated with gladiolus bulb rot (Frisvad & Samson 2004b, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf). P. gladioli only. Dugan regards as taxonomically uncertain, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; toxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxic, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294present in NZPenicillium gladioli L. McCulloch & Thom, Science 67: 217. 1928. [MB266048]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Gladioli. ITS barcode: AF033480 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674287; CaM = KU896837; RPB2 = MN969118). Penicillium glandicola 1986unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)saprobe, acorns and dung, Houbracken 2020]; toxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxic, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294unrecorded in NZPenicillium glandicola (Oudem.) Seifert & Samson, Adv. Pen. Asp. Syst.: 147. 1986 [1985]. [MB114761]. Basionym: Coremium glandi- cola Oudem., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2: 918. 1903. [MB240065]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Glandicolarum. ITS barcode: AB479308 (alternative markers: BenA = KU896814; CaM = KU896838; RPB2 = KU904354). Penicillium glaucoalbidum2011saprobe?, dried tissue, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium glaucoalbidum (Desmazieres) Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 47. 2011. [MB561965]. Basionym: Sclerotium glau- coalbidum Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 3, 16: 329. 1851. [MB212120]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Thysanophora, ser. Thysanophora. ITS barcode: n.a. (alternative markers: BenA = n.a.; CaM = n.a.; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium glaucoroseum1923saprobe? on stored tomato, protologuepresent in NZITS MN864187 (kauri root)Penicillium glaucoroseum Demelius, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 72: 72. 1923. [MB158423]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: MN431390 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969383; CaM = MN969257; RPB2 = MN969119). Penicillium globosum2018soil, protologuePenicillium globosum L. Cai et al., Cladistics 35: 529. 2018 [2019]. [MB818149]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: KY495014 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495123; CaM = MN969330; RPB2 = KY495067). Penicillium godlewskii 1927soil, protologuePenicillium godlewskii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 466. 1927. [MB266206]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617692 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606768; CaM = MN969258; RPB2 = JN606626). Penicillium goetzii 2012soil, protologuePenicillium goetzii J. Rogers et al., Persoonia 29: 92. 2012. [MB801876]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Goetziorum. ITS barcode: JX997091 (alternative markers: BenA = KU896815; CaM = JX996971; RPB2 = JX996716). Penicillium gorlenkoanum 1968soil, protologuePenicillium gorlenkoanum Baghd., Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 5: 97. 1968. [MB335731]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Citrina. ITS barcode: GU944581 (alternative markers: BenA = GU944520; CaM = MN969259; RPB2 = JN606601). Penicillium gracilentum 1973unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium gracilentum Udagawa & Y. Horie, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 14: 373. 1973. [MB319272]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Gracilenta, ser. Gracilenta. ITS barcode: KC411768 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834453; CaM = MN969260; RPB2 = JN121537). Penicillium grancanariae 1978unrecorded in NZair, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002unrecorded in NZPenicillium grancanariae C. Ramírez et al., Mycopathologia 66: 79. 1978. [MB319273]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Spinulosa. ITS barcode: KM189529 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088766; CaM = KM089151; RPB2 = KM089538). Penicillium granulatum1905apple juice; non-toxic, Frisvad 1989; patulin toxin not confirmed, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294; toxic, patulin, PMID: 1573564 [misidentified?]unrecorded in NZPenicillium granulatum Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 21: 126. 1905. [MB174620]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Glandicolarum. ITS barcode: DQ339565 (alternative markers: BenA = MT478038.; CaM = MT478036; RPB2 = MT478035). Penicillium gravinicasei2018on cheese, protologuePenicillium gravinicasei S.W. Peterson et al., Int. J. Food Microbiol. 282: 67. 2018. [MB823510]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Cinnamopurpurea. ITS barcode: MG600580 (alternative markers: BenA = MG600565; CaM = MG600570; RPB2 = MG600575). Penicillium grevilleicola 2014saprobe, grevillea leaf, protologuePenicillium grevilleicola Houbraken & Quaedvlieg, Stud. Mycol. 78: 423. 2014. [MB809964]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KM189630 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088874; CaM = KM089261; RPB2 = KM089648). Penicillium griseoazureum1982soil, litter, Sect. Canescentia, Houbracken 2020Penicillium griseoazureum C. Moreau & M. Moreau ex C. Ramírez, Manual and Atlas of the Penicillia: 61, 1982; Penicillium griseo-azureum C. Moreau & M. Moreau, Revue Mycol. 6: 59, 1941 (nom. inval., Art. 36.1). [MB115800]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Canescentia. ITS barcode: KC411679 (alternative markers: BenA = KP016919; CaM = KP016823; RPB2 = KP016852). Penicillium griseoflavum2018soil, protologuePenicillium griseoflavum L. Cai & X.Z. Jiang, Cladistics 35: 531. 2018 [2019]. [MB818151]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: KY495011 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495120; CaM = MN969331; RPB2 = KY495064). Penicillium griseofulvum 1901present in NZAnimal path (toxin)toxin; on cereal and seeds, Houbracken 2020; toxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopiazonic_acid; dried foods, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; toxin, Frisvad 1989; toxic, Frisvad 2018, 10.3920/WMJ2017.2294; apple post harvet rot https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-2347-xpresent in NZ +Penicillium griseofulvum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 88. 1901. [MB120566]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Urticicola. ITS barcode: AF033468 (alternative markers: BenA = JF909942; CaM = KT900574; RPB2 = JN121449). Penicillium griseolum1957sand dunes, protologuePenicillium griseolum G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 40: 485. 1957. [MB302401]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Griseola, ser. Griseola. ITS barcode: EF422848 (alternative markers: BenA = EF506213; CaM = EF506232; RPB2 = JN121480). Penicillium griseopurpureum1965unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium griseopurpureum G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 48: 275. 1965. [MB335732]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: KF296408 (alternative markers: BenA = KF296467; CaM = MN969261; RPB2 = KF296431). Penicillium guaibinense2018sand dunes, protologuePenicillium guaibinense J.P. Andrade et al., Persoonia 41: 389. 2018. [MB827182]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: MH674389 (alternative markers: BenA = MH674391; CaM = MH674393; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium guanacastense2011soil, protologuePenicillium guanacastense K.G. Rivera et al., Mycotaxon 119: 324. 2011. [MB563044]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: JN626098 (alternative markers: BenA = JN625967; CaM = JN626010; RPB2 = KX961295). Penicillium guangxiense2018soil, protologuePenicillium guangxiense L. Cai & X.Z. Jiang, Cladistics 35: 533. 2018 [2019]. [MB818150]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima.ITS barcode: KY494986 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495095; CaM = MN969332; RPB2 = KY495045). Penicillium guttulosum1927soil, protologuePenicillium guttulosum J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott, Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci. 1: 298. 1927. [MB266689]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: HQ646592 (alternative markers: BenA = HQ646576; CaM = HQ646587; RPB2 = MG386247). Penicillium hainanense2018soil, protologuePenicillium hainanense L. Cai & X.Z. Jiang, Cladistics 35: 534. 2018 [2019]. [MB818156]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: KY495009 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495118; CaM = MN969333; RPB2 = KY495062). Penicillium halotolerans2012soil, protologuepresent in NZITS KJ775636; btub KJ775129Penicillium halotolerans Frisvad et al., Persoonia 29: 92. 2012. [MB801875]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: JX997005 (alternative markers: BenA = JX996816; CaM = JX996935; RPB2 = JX996680). Penicillium hemitrachum2016air sample, protologuePenicillium hemitrachum Visagie & K. Jacobs, IMA Fungus 7: 99. 2016. [MB811004]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: FJ231003 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141048; CaM = JX157526; RPB2 = KP064642). Penicillium hennebertii2011litter saprobe, protologuePenicillium hennebertii Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 47. 2011. [MB561964]. Replaced synonym: Thysanophora canadensis Stolk & Hennebert, Persoonia 5: 189. 1968. [MB340084]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Thysanophora, ser. Thysanophora. ITS barcode: KJ834507 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834454; CaM = MN969262; RPB2 = JN121493). Penicillium hermansii2018mushroom pathogen, smoky mould, mushroom compost, protologue, reports of other species associated with this disease probably incorrect, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1407-4Penicillium hermansii Houbraken et al., Mycol. Prog. 18: 232. 2018. [MB823949]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: MG333472 (alternative markers: BenA = MG386214; CaM = MG386229; RPB2 = MG386242). Penicillium herquei 1912present in NZsaprobe, plant tissuepresent in NZPenicillium herquei Bainier & Sartory, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 28: 121. 1912. [MB536431]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Herqueorum. ITS barcode: JN626101 (alternative markers: BenA = JN625970; CaM = JN626013; RPB2 = JN121494). Penicillium heteromorphum1988unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium heteromorphum H.Z. Kong & Z.T. Qi, Mycosystema 1: 107. 1988. [MB135444]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Restricta. ITS barcode: KC411702 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834455; CaM = KP016786; RPB2 = JN406605). Penicillium hetheringtonii2010soil, protologuePenicillium hetheringtonii Houbraken et al., Fungal Diversity 44: 125. 2010. [MB518292]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Citrina. ITS barcode: GU944558 (alternative markers: BenA = GU944538; CaM = MN969263; RPB2 = JN606606). Penicillium hirayamae1959unrecorded in NZepitype is on rice; some chemistry done https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1971/J3/j39710003575#!divAbstractunrecorded in NZPenicillium hirayamae Udagawa, J. Agric. Soc. Tokyo 5: 6. 1959. [MB302402]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: JN626095 (alternative markers: BenA = JN625955; CaM = JN626003; RPB2 = JN121459). Penicillium hirsutum1901unrecorded in NZplant path; Animal path (toxin)plant pathogen bulbs, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; toxin, Frisvad 1989unrecorded in NZPenicillium hirsutum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 89. 1901. [MB152720]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ITS barcode: AY373918 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969384; CaM = KU896840; RPB2 = JN406629). Penicillium hispanicum1978unrecorded in NZmould on citrus, no comment on pathogenicity, protologue [described with two other species, isolated from air]unrecorded in NZPenicillium hispanicum C. Ramírez et al., Mycopathologia 66: 77. 1978. [MB319274]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Ramigena, ser. Ramigena. ITS barcode: JX841247 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834456; CaM = MN969264; RPB2 = JN406539). Penicillium hoeksii2014soil and air, protologuePenicillium hoeksii Houbraken, Stud. Mycol. 78: 423. 2014. [MB809965]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Hoeksiorum. ITS barcode: KM189707 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088954; CaM = KM089341; RPB2 = KM089728). Penicillium hordei 1969unrecorded in NZPlant pathogen; Animal path (toxin)plant pathogen bulbs, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197unrecorded in NZPenicillium hordei Stolk, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 35: 270. 1969. [MB335734]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ITS barcode: MN431391 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969385; CaM = KU896841; RPB2 = KU904355). Penicillium ibericumi2019dung, protologuePenicillium ibericum Guevara-Suarez et al., Fungal Syst. Evol. 5: 58. 2019 [2020]. [MB822070]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Paradoxa, ser. Atramentosa. ITS barcode: LT899782 (alternative markers: BenA = LT898285; CaM = LT899766; RPB2 = LT899800). Penicillium idahoense1971soil, protologuePenicillium idahoense Paden, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 43: 259. 1971. [MB319275]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: KC411747 (alternative markers: BenA = EF626953; CaM = EF626954; RPB2 = JN121499). Penicillium improvisum2016soil, protologuePenicillium improvisum Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 256. 2016. [MB815769]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Improvisa. ITS barcode: KT887867 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887828; CaM = KT887789; RPB2 = MN969169). Penicillium incoloratum1994unrecorded in NZbean seed, no indication of pathogenicity, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium incoloratum L.Q. Huang & Z.T. Qi, Acta Mycol. Sin. 13: 264. 1994. [MB363421]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Nodula. ITS barcode: KJ834508 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834457; CaM = KJ866984; RPB2 = JN406651). Penicillium indicum1963from sputum, no indication that it is pathogenic, protologuePenicillium indicum D.K. Sandhu & R.S. Sandhu, Canad. J. Bot. 41: 1273. 1963. [MB335735]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Charlesia, ser. Indica. ITS barcode: AY742699 (alternative markers: BenA = EU427263; CaM = AY741744; RPB2 = JN406640). Penicillium infra-aurantiacum2014protea flowers, saprobe, protologuePenicillium infra-aurantiacum Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 426. 2014 [MB809966]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Sublectatica. ITS barcode: KM189684 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088930; CaM = KM089317; RPB2 = KM089704). Penicillium infrabuccalum2016ants, protologuePenicillium infrabuccalum Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 275. 2016. [MB815782]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: KT887856 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887817; CaM = KT887778; RPB2 = MN969181). Penicillium infrapurpureum2014saprobe, house dust, protologuePenicillium infrapurpureum Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 116. 2014. [MB809181]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamo- purpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: KJ775679 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ775172; CaM = KJ775406; RPB2 = MN969120). Penicillium inusitatum1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium inusitatum D.B. Scott, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 36: 20. 1968. [MB335736]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Inusitata, ser. Inusitata. ITS barcode: AF033431 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834458; CaM = MN969265; RPB2 = JN121503). Penicillium isariiforme1957unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium isariiforme Stolk & J.A. Mey., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 40: 187. 1957. [MB302403]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Ochrosalmonea, ser. Ochrosalmonea. ITS barcode: AF454077 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834459; CaM = MN969266; RPB2 = JN121470). Penicillium italicum1894present in NZplant path; Animal path (toxin)plant path, rot in Citrus, Houbracken 2020; toxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; citrus https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; toxin, Frisvad 1989present in NZ +ITS KJ775641, btub KJ775134Penicillium italicum Wehmer, Hedwigia 33: 211. 1894. [MB162660]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Italica. ITS barcode: KJ834509 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674398; CaM = DQ911135; RPB2 = JN121496). Penicillium jacksonii2011soil, protologuePenicillium jacksonii K.G. Rivera et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 151. 2011. [MB563160]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: JN686437 (alternative markers: BenA = JN686368; CaM = JN686391; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium jamesonlandense2006soil, protologuePenicillium jamesonlandense Frisvad & Overy, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56: 1435. 2006. [MB521421]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Lanosa. ITS barcode: DQ267912 (alternative markers: BenA = DQ309448; CaM = KJ866985; RPB2 = MN969121). Penicillium janczewskii1927present in NZtoxin; soil, litter, Sect. Canescentia, Houbracken 2020; toxin, Frisvad 1989present in NZ +Penicillium janczewskii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 488. 1927. [MB120703]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Canescentia. ITS barcode: AY157487 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969386; CaM = MN969267; RPB2 = JN406612). Penicillium janthinellum1923present in NZAnimal path (toxin)soil, protologue; lots of synonyms in MB, presumably common; non-toxic, Frisvad 1989; Falloon 1985, ryegrass seeds in NZ, morphological IDpresent in NZ +KF280651 possibly from NZPenicillium janthinellum Biourge, Cellule 33: 258. 1923. [MB119134]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: GU981585 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981625; CaM = MN969268; RPB2 = JN121497). Penicillium javanicum1929unrecorded in NZon living roots, protologue; no evidence of pathogenicity; toxin Frisvad 1989unrecorded in NZPenicillium javanicum J.F.H. Beyma, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk. 26: 17. 1929. [MB268394]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata- Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: GU981613 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981657; CaM = MN969269; RPB2 = JN121498). Penicillium jejuense2015sand, protologues; litter, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002Penicillium jejuense M.S. Park & Y.W. Lim, Mycologia 107: 212. 2015. [MB808392]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KF818464 (alternative markers: BenA = KF818461; CaM = KF818470; RPB2 = KF818467). Penicillium jensenii1927present in NZsoil, litter, Sect. Canescentia, Houbracken 2020present in NZ +Penicillium jensenii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 494. 1927. [MB120708]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Canescentia. ITS barcode: AY443470 (alternative markers: BenA = JX140954; CaM = AY443490; RPB2 = JN406614). Penicillium jianfenglingense2018soil, protologuePenicillium jianfenglingense L. Cai & X.Z. Jiang, Cladistics 35: 535. 2018 [2019]. [MB818161]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: KY495016 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495125; CaM = MN969334; RPB2 = KY495069). Penicillium jiangxiense2003Cordyceps, protologue; GenBank match to a specimen from an Antarctic microalgaPenicillium jiangxiense H.Z. Kong & Z.Q. Liang, Mycosystema 22: 4. 2003. [MB489161]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Jiangxiensia. ITS barcode: KJ890411 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ890409; CaM = KJ890407; RPB2 = MN969122). Penicillium johnkrugii2011soil, protologuePenicillium johnkrugii K.G. Rivera et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 151. 2011. [MB563161]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: JN686447 (alternative markers: BenA = JN686378; CaM = JN686401; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium jugoslavicum1984unrecorded in NZsaprobe?, Helianthus seed, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium jugoslavicum C. Ramírez & Munt.-Cvetk., Mycopathologia 88: 65. 1984. [MB124173]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: KC773836 (alternative markers: BenA = KC773789; CaM = KC773815; RPB2 = JN406618). Penicillium kananaskense1994unrecorded in NZsoil, protologue; doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002unrecorded in NZPenicillium kananaskense Seifert et al., Canad. J. Bot. 72: 20. 1994. [MB362160]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Livida.ITS barcode: KM189780 (alternative markers: BenA = KM089030; CaM = KM089417; RPB2 = KM089804). Penicillium katangense1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium katangense Stolk, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 34: 42. 1968. [MB120725]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Restricta. ITS barcode: AF033458 (alternative markers: BenA = KP016757; CaM = KP016788; RPB2 = KP064646). Penicillium kewense1961culture contaminant, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium kewense G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 44: 42. 1961. [MB335740]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Crustacea. ITS barcode: AF033466 (alternative markers: BenA = KU896816; CaM = JX996973; RPB2 = JF417428). Penicillium kiamaense2014soil, protologuePenicillium kiamaense Houbraken & Pitt, Stud. Mycol. 78: 426. 2014. [MB809967]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Kiamaensia. ITS barcode: KM189506 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088743; CaM = KM089128; RPB2 = KM089515). Penicillium kojigenum1961unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium kojigenum G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 44: 43. 1961. [MB335741]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Lanosa. ITS barcode: AF033489 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834463; CaM = KJ867011; RPB2 = JN406564). Penicillium kongii2013saprobe, leaves, not associated with disease, protologuePenicillium kongii L. Wang, Mycologia 105: 1549. 2013. [MB803185]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Brevicompacta. ITS barcode: KC427191 (alternative markers: BenA = KC427171; CaM = KC427151; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium koreense2014soil, protologuePenicillium koreense S.B. Hong et al., J. Microbiol. Biotechnol 24: 1607. 2014. [MB808759]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: KJ801939 (alternative markers: BenA = KM000846; CaM = MN969317; RPB2 = MN969159). Penicillium kurssanovii1950soil, protologuePenicillium kurssanovii Chalab., Bot. Mater. Otd. Sporov. Rast. 6: 168. 1950. [MB274327]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Restricta. ITS barcode: EF422849 (alternative markers: BenA = KP016758; CaM = KP016789; RPB2 = KP064647). Penicillium labradoris2020animal toxin, dog, protologuePenicillium labradoris (as labradorum) Gibas et al., Med. Mycol., doi.org/10.1093/ mmy/myaa016. 2020. [MB831086]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: MK881918 (alternative markers: BenA = MK887898; CaM = MK887899; RPB2 = MK887900). Penicillium laeve2011soil, protologuePenicillium laeve (K. Ando & Manoch) Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 47. 2011. [MB561960]. Basionym: Torulomyces laevis K. Ando & Manoch, Mycoscience 39: 317. 1998. [MB447110]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: KF667369 (alternative markers: BenA = KF667365; CaM = KF667367; RPB2 = KF667371). Penicillium laevigatum2018soil, protologuePenicillium laevigatum L. Cai et al., Cladistics 35: 537. 2018 [2019]. [MB818154]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: KY495015 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495124; CaM = MN969335; RPB2 = KY495068). Penicillium lagena1983soil, protologuepresent in NZPenicillium lagena (Delitsch) Stolk & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 23: 100. 1983. [MB109162]. Basionym: Torulomyces lagena Delitsch, Sys- tematik der Schimmelpilze: 9. 1943. [MB340152]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: KF303665 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303619; CaM = KF303634; RPB2 = JN121450). Penicillium lanosocoeruleum1930unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)culture contaminant, protologue; toxin, DOI: 10.1139/m76-038unrecorded in NZPenicillium lanosocoeruleum Thom, Penicillia: 322. 1930. [MB268949]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Aethiopica. ITS barcode: JX997110 (alternative markers: BenA = KU896817; CaM = JX996967; RPB2 = JX996723). Penicillium lanosum1911unrecorded in NZfrom lichen, protologue; non-toxic, Frisvad 1989present in NZPenicillium lanosum Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 97. 1911. [MB178497]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Lanosa. ITS barcode: DQ304540 (alternative markers: BenA = DQ285627; CaM = FJ530974; RPB2 = KU904356). Penicillium lapidosum1948unrecorded in NZfrom stored food, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium lapidosum Raper & Fennell, Mycologia 40: 524, 1948. [MB289094]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: MN431392 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834465; CaM = FJ530984; RPB2 = JN121500). Penicillium lassenii1971unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium lassenii Paden, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 43: 266. 1971. [MB319281]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lasseniorum, ser. Lasseniorum. ITS barcode: KF303648 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303607; CaM = KF303629; RPB2 = JN121481). Penicillium lemhiflumine2015air samples, protologuePenicillium lemhiflumine S.W. Peterson et al., PLoS ONE 10: 0121987, 4. 2015. [MB807371]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: KF932964 (alternative markers: BenA = KF932932; CaM = KF932949; RPB2 = KF933003). Penicillium lenticrescens2014house dustpresent in NZITS KJ775675; KJ775168Penicillium lenticrescens Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 123. 2014. [MB809184]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Soppiorum. ITS barcode: KJ775675 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ775168; CaM = KJ775404; RPB2 = MN969123). Penicillium levitum1948unrecorded in NZsaprobe ex modelling clay, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium levitum Raper & Fennell, Mycologia 40: 511. 1948. [MB289096]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata- Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: GU981607 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981654; CaM = MN969270; RPB2 = KF296432). Penicillium lilacinoechinulatum1963present in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZ - was previously recorded as present, based on synonymy with P. bilaiaePenicillium lilacinoechinulatum S. Abe ex G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 46: 335. 1963. [MB120793]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: AY157489 (alternative markers: BenA = KC773790; CaM = KC773816; RPB2 = KX961293). Penicillium limosum1995unrecorded in NZmarine sediment, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium limosum S. Ueda, Mycoscience 36: 451. 1995. [MB415136]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata- Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: GU981568 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981621; CaM = MN969271; RPB2 = KF296433). Penicillium lineolatum1977unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium lineolatum Udagawa & Y. Horie, Mycotaxon 5: 493. 1977. [MB319283]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata- Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: GU981579 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981620; CaM = MN969272; RPB2 = KF296434). Penicillium lividum1911present in NZsoil, litter, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; [isolated from diseased rice, Abe 1956]present in NZ +Penicillium lividum Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 134. 1911. [MB178817]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Livida. ITS barcode: KM189582 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088825; CaM = KM089211; RPB2 = KM089598). Penicillium longicatenatum2014soil, protologuePenicillium longicatenatum Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 429. 2014. [MB809968]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Longicatenata. ITS barcode: KM189636 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088880; CaM = KM089267; RPB2 = KM089654). Penicillium longisporum2011leaf litter, protologuePenicillium longisporum (W.B. Kend.) Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 47. 2011. [MB561966]. Basionym: Thysanophora long- ispora W.B. Kend., Canad. J. Bot. 39: 826. 1961. [MB340086]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Thysanophora, ser. Thysanophora. ITS barcode: n.a. (alternative markers: BenA = n.a.; CaM = n.a.; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium ludwigii1969unrecorded in NZstored rice seed, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium ludwigii Udagawa, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 10: 2. 1969. [MB335744]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: KF296409 (alternative markers: BenA = KF296468; CaM = MN969273; RPB2 = KF296435). P. soli Doilom, C.F. Liao & D. Pem 2020 is a synonym (matching btub) Penicillium lunae2019?saprobe, isolated from banana but no mention of diseasePenicillium lunae Visagie & N. Yilmaz, Persoonia 42: 449. 2019. [MB830682]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Charlesia, ser. Indica. ITS barcode: MK450725 (alternative markers: BenA = MK451088; CaM = MK451660; RPB2 = MK450863). Penicillium lusitanum2019sea water, protologuePenicillium lusitanum Gonçalves & Alves, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 69: 3020. 2019. [MB830331]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Soppiorum. ITS barcode: MK702084 (alternative markers: BenA = MK702085; CaM = n.a.; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium maclennaniae1981unrecorded in NZleaf surface, saprobe, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium maclennaniae H.Y. Yip, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 77: 202. 1981. [MB112523]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: KC411689 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834468; CaM = KP016791; RPB2 = KP064648). Penicillium macrosclerotiorum2007soil, protologuePenicillium macrosclerotiorum L. Wang et al., Mycol. Res. 111: 1244. 2007. [MB492622]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Gracilenta, ser. Macrosclerotiorum. ITS bacode: KJ834511 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834469; CaM = DQ911123; RPB2 = JN121432). Penicillium madriti1961unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium madriti G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 44: 44. 1961. [MB335747]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Turbata, ser. Turbata. ITS barcode: AF033482 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834470; CaM = EU644076; RPB2 = JN406561). Penicillium magnielliptisporum2014house dust, protologuepresent in NZITS KJ775686; btub KJ775179Penicillium magnielliptisporum Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 127. 2014. [MB809186]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Paradoxa, ser. Atramentosa. ITS barcode: KJ775686 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ775179; CaM = KJ775413; RPB2 = MN969124). Penicillium malacaense1980air samples, protologuePenicillium malacaense C. Ramírez & A.T. Martínez, Mycopathologia 72: 186. 1980. [MB113025]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: EU427300 (alternative markers: BenA = EU427268; CaM = KJ866997; RPB2 = JN406626). Penicillium malachiteum2011soil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium malachiteum (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 47. 2011. [MB561971]. Basionym: Chromocleista malachitea Yaguchi & Udagawa, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 34: 102. 1993. [MB360067]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Herqueorum. ITS barcode: KC773838 (alternative markers: BenA = KC773794; CaM = KC773820; RPB2 = MN969125). Penicillium malacosphaerulum2015soil, protologuePenicillium malacosphaerulum Visagie & K. Jacobs, Mycol. Prog. 14: 96, 16. 2015. [MB809819]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: FJ231026 (alternative markers: BenA = JX091524; CaM = JX141542; RPB2 = KF296438). Penicillium mali-pumilae2019pathogen?; rotten apple and lily bulb, protologue; [Series Corymbifera, possible bulb associate, see Notes]Penicillium mali-pumilae Hyang B. Lee et al., Fungal Diversity 96: 101. 2019. [MB555410]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ITS barcode: KP900991 (alternative markers: BenA = MT425584; CaM = KP900992; RPB2 = MN969213). Penicillium mallochii2012saprobe, caterpillar gut and leaf surface, protologuePenicillium mallochii K.G. Rivera et al., Mycotaxon 119: 322. 2012. [MB563043]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: JN626104 (alternative markers: BenA = JN625973; CaM = JN626016; RPB2 = KX961296). Penicillium malmesburiense2014saprobe, protea flowers, protologuePenicillium malmesburiense Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 429. 2014. [MB809969]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Sublectatica. ITS barcode: KM189676 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088921; CaM = KM089308; RPB2 = KM089695). Penicillium malodoratum2014soil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium malodoratum (Kwon-Chung & Fennell) Samson et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 355. 2014. [MB809316]. Basionym: Aspergillus malodoratus Kwon-Chung & Fennell, Gen. Aspergillus: 468. 1965. [MB326644]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Paradoxa, ser. Paradoxa. ITS barcode: AF033485 (alternative markers: BenA = EF669681; CaM = FJ530972; RPB2 = EF669672). Penicillium manginii1931unrecorded in NZsoil, protologue; toxin, Frisvad 1989; toxin in spoiled food, 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.025unrecorded in NZPenicillium manginii Duch
e & R. Heim, Trav. Cryptog.: 450. 1931. [MB270490]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: GU944599 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606651; CaM = MN969274; RPB2 = JN606618). Penicillium mariae-crucis1982unrecorded in NZSecale cereale, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium mariae-crucis Quintan., Av. Aliment. Mejora Anim. 23: 334. 1982. [MB114171]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: GU981593 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981630; CaM = MN969275; RPB2 = KF296439). Penicillium marinum2004toxins, nonpathogenic, protologuePenicillium marinum Frisvad & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 49: 20. 2004. [MB370974]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Penicillium. ITS barcode: KJ834512 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674392; CaM = KU896842; RPB2 = KU904357). Penicillium marthae-christenseniae2016saprobe, protologuePenicillium marthae-christenseniae Visagie & Samson, Persoonia 36: 145. 2016. [MB808267]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: KF303651 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303613; CaM = KF303645; RPB2 = KF303711). Penicillium maximae2013saprobe, protologuePenicillium maximae Visagie et al., Persoonia 31: 52. 2013. [MB803783]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: EU427298 (alternative markers: BenA = KC773795; CaM = KC773821; RPB2 = MN969126). Penicillium mediterraneum2019dung, protologuePenicillium mediterraneum Guevara-Suarez et al., Fungal Syst. Evol. 5: 61. 2019 [2020]. [MB822071]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Roquefortorum, ser. Roquefortorum. ITS barcode: LT899784 (alternative markers: BenA = LT898291; CaM = LT899768; RPB2 = LT899802). Penicillium melanoconidium2004unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)toxin [includes Penitrem A, 'acutely toxic], https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxins, cereal spoilage, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8present in NZITS KJ775644; btub KJ775137Penicillium melanoconidium (Frisvad) Frisvad & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 49: 28. 2004. [MB368219]. Basionym: Penicillium aur- antiogriseum var. melanoconidium Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 849. 1989. [MB126407]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ITS barcode: MN431393 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969387; CaM = KU896843; RPB2 = KU904358). aurantiogriseum complex https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8 Penicillium melanostipe2011litter, protologuePenicillium melanostipe Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 47. 2011. [MB561970]. Replaced synonym: Thysanophora verrucosa Mercado et al., Mycotaxon 67: 419. 1998. [MB443755]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Thysanophora, ser. Thysanophora. ITS barcode: n.a. (alternative markers: BenA = n.a.; CaM = n.a.; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium melinii1930present in NZsoil, protologuepresent in NZ +ITS KJ775645; btub KJ775138Penicillium melinii Thom, Penicillia: 273. 1930. [MB270876]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: AF033449 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834471; CaM = KP016792; RPB2 = JN406613). Penicillium meliponae2018saprobic in beehive, protologuePenicillium meliponae R.N. Barbosa et al., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 111: 1897. 2018. [MB822210]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: MF278315 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969418; CaM = LT854648; RPB2 = LT854653). Penicillium mellis2018saprobic in beehive, protologuePenicillium mellis R.N. Barbosa et al., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 111: 1900. 2018. [MB822211]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: MN431398 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969417; CaM = MN969327; RPB2 = LT854652). Penicillium meloforme1973unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium meloforme Udagawa & Y. Horie, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 14: 376. 1973. [MB120882]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: KC411762 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981656; CaM = MN969276; RPB2 = KF296440). Penicillium menonorum2011soil, protologuePenicillium menonorum S.W. Peterson, IMA Fungus 2: 122. 2011. [MB519297]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: HQ646591 (alternative markers: BenA = HQ646573; CaM = HQ646584; RPB2 = KF900194). Penicillium meridianum1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium meridianum D.B. Scott, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 36: 12. 1968. [MB335750]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Restricta. ITS barcode: AF033451 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834472; CaM = KP016794; RPB2 = JN406576). Penicillium mexicanum2014house dust, protologuePenicillium mexicanum Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 125. 2014. [MB809185]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Paradoxa, ser. Atramentosa. ITS barcode: KJ775685 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ775178; CaM = KJ775412; RPB2 = MN969127). Penicillium miczynskii1927present in NZAnimal path (toxin)soil, protologue; toxin, Frisvad 1989present in NZ +Penicillium miczynskii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 482. 1927. [MB271171]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: GU944600 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606706; CaM = MN969277; RPB2 = JN606623). Penicillium minnesotense2019air sample, protologuePenicillium minnesotense Jurjevi
c et al., Persoonia 42: 445. 2019. [MB830666]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: MK791277 (alternative markers: BenA = MK803429; CaM = MK803430; RPB2 = MK796158). Penicillium momoii2016mite from flower, protologuePenicillium momoii Visagie & K. Jacobs, IMA Fungus 7: 99. 2016. [MB811007]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Corylophila. ITS barcode: JX140895 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141073; CaM = JX157479; RPB2 = KP064673). Penicillium mononematosum1990unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)mouldy amaranthus seed, soil, etc protologue; toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdfunrecorded in NZPenicillium mononematosum (Frisvad et al.) Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 857. 1990. [MB126406]. Basionym: Penicillium glandicola var. mon- onematosum Frisvad, Filt. & Wicklow, Canad. J. Bot. 65: 767. 1987. [MB131770]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: JX997082 (alternative markers: BenA = AY495997; CaM = JX996964; RPB2 = JX996709). Penicillium monsgalena2015corn meal, protologuePenicillium monsgalena S.W. Peterson et al., PLoS ONE 10: 0121987, 17. 2015. [MB807372]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: KF932959 (alternative markers: BenA = KF932927; CaM = KF932943; RPB2 = KF932997). Penicillium monsserratidens2015air sample, protologuePenicillium monsserratidens S.W. Peterson et al., PLoS ONE 10: 0121987, 19. 2015. [MB807373]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: KF932962 (alternative markers: BenA = KF932930; CaM = KF932947; RPB2 = KF933001). Penicillium montanense1962unrecorded in NZsoil, protologue; doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; [isolated from diseased rice, Abe 1956]present in NZ +ITS MN148687 (Agathis root)Penicillium montanense M. Chr. & Backus, Mycologia 54: 574. 1962. [MB335752]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Pinetorum. ITS barcode: KM189551 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088789; CaM = KM089174; RPB2 = KM089561). Penicillium murcianum1981soil, litter, Sect. Canescentia, Houbracken 2020Penicillium murcianum C. Ramírez & A.T. Martínez, Mycopathologia 74: 37. 1981 [MB112524]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Canescentia. ITS barcode: MN431400 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969419; CaM = MN969341; RPB2 = MN969202). Penicillium nalgiovense1932unrecorded in NZcheese, protologue; salami curing etc, http://www.schimmel-schimmelpilze.de/penicillium-nalgiovense.htmlunrecorded in NZPenicillium nalgiovense Laxa, Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenk., Abt. 2 86: 160. 1932. [MB114239]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: AY371617 (alternative markers: BenA = KU896811; CaM = JX996974; RPB2 = JX996719). Penicillium namyslowskii1927unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium namyslowskii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Aead. Polonc. Sci., Cl. Sci. Math., Ser. B, Sci. Nat. 1927: 479. 1927. [MB272006]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: AF033463 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141067; CaM = KP016795; RPB2 = JF417430). Penicillium neocrassum2007saprobe on healthy grape, protologuePenicillium neocrassum R. Serra & S.W. Peterson, Mycologia 99: 81. 2007. [MB504767]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Brevicompacta. ITS barcode: DQ645805 (alternative markers: BenA = DQ645794; CaM = DQ645809; RPB2 = JN406633). Penicillium neoechinulatum2004unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)toxin, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxin, cereal spoilage, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8unrecorded in NZPenicillium neoechinulatum (Frisvad et al.) Frisvad & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 49: 28. 2004. [MB368218]. Basionym: Penicillium aur- antiogriseum var. neoechinulatum Frisvad et al., Canad. J. Bot. 65: 767. 1987. [MB131767]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ITS barcode: JN942722 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969388; CaM = KU896844; RPB2 = JN985406). aurantiogriseum complex https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8 Penicillium neomiczynskii2011soil, protologuepresent in NZITS JN617671 ; btub JN606705Penicillium neomiczynskii A.L.J. Cole et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 105. 2011. [MB563192]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617671 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606705; CaM = MN969278; RPB2 = MN969128). Penicillium nepalense1983unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium nepalense Takada & Udagawa, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 24: 146. 1983. [MB108327]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS bacode: KC411692 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834474; CaM = KP016796; RPB2 = JN121453). Penicillium nigricans1930soil, litter, Sect. Canescentia, Houbracken 2020Penicillium nigricans Bainier ex Thom, Penicillia: 351. 1930. [MB119303]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Canescentia. ITS barcode: KC411755 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ866965; CaM = KJ867012; RPB2 = KP016857). Penicillium nodulum1988unrecorded in NZmouldy pork, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium nodulum H.Z. Kong & Z.T. Qi, Mycosystema 1: 108. 1988. [MB135445]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Nodula. ITS barcode: KC411703 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834475; CaM = KJ867003; RPB2 = JN406603). Penicillium nordicum1986cured meat and cheese, protologue; Species are associated with stored cereal grains (P. verrucosum) and dried or salted meat products; they can also grow on cheese, Houbracken 2020; mycotoxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdfPenicillium nordicum Dragoni & Cantoni ex C. Ramírez, Adv. Pen. Asp. Syst: 139. 1986 [1985]. [MB114762]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Verrucosa. ITS barcode: KJ834513 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969389; CaM = KU896845; RPB2 = KU904359). Penicillium nothofagi2011soil, protologuePenicillium nothofagi Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 105. 2011. [MB563189]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617712 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606732; CaM = JN606507; RPB2 = MN969129). Penicillium novae-zeelandiae1940present in NZon Sclerotinia, protologuepresent in NZ +ITS KP016846; btub KP016926 (ex grape stem)Penicillium novae-zeelandiae J.F.H. Beyma, Antonie van Leeu- wenhoek 6: 275. 1940. [MB522253]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Atroveneta. ITS barcode: JN617688 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969390; CaM = MN969279; RPB2 = JN406628). Penicillium nucicola2016fallen nuts, protologuePenicillium nucicola Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 259. 2016. [MB815771]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Atroveneta. ITS barcode: KT887860 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887821; CaM = KT887782; RPB2 = MN969171). Penicillium ochrochloron1923unrecorded in NZ?; no hint that pathogenicunrecorded in NZPenicillium ochrochloron Biourge, Cellule 33: 269. 1923. [MB272701]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: GU981604 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981672; CaM = MN969280; RPB2 = KF296445). Penicillium ochrosalmoneum1959unrecorded in NZstored rice, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium ochrosalmoneum Udagawa, J. Agric. Sci. Tokyo Nogyo Daig. 5: 10. 1959. [MB302409]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Ochrosalmonea, ser. Ochrosalmonea. ITS barcode: EF626961 (alternative markers: BenA = EF506212; CaM = EF506237; RPB2 = JN121524). Penicillium odoratum1961soil, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; [isolated from diseased rice, Abe 1956]Penicillium odoratum M. Chr. & Backus, Mycologia 53: 459. 1961. [MB335755]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Livida. ITS barcode: KC411730 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834478; CaM = KM089363; RPB2 = JN406583). Penicillium olsonii1912unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)high altitude tropics, glasshouses on tomato, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; pathogen in glasshouses, schimmel-schimmelpilze.de/penicillium-olsonii.html; herbicidal and Allelochemical compounds http://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdfunrecorded in NZPenicillium olsonii Bainier & Sartory, Ann. Mycol. 10: 398. 1912. [MB121021]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Olsoniorum. ITS barcode: EU587341 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674445; CaM = DQ658165; RPB2 = JN121464). Penicillium onobense1981unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium onobense C. Ramírez & A.T. Martínez, Mycopathologia 74: 44. 1981. [MB112525]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: GU981575 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981627; CaM = MN969281; RPB2 = KF296447). Penicillium oregonense2016saprobe, protologuePenicillium oregonense Visagie & Samson, Persoonia 36: 145. 2016. [MB808268]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: KF303668 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303623; CaM = KF303640; RPB2 = KF303710). Penicillium ornatum1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium ornatum Udagawa, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 9: 49. 1968. [MB335756]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Ramigena, ser. Ramigena. ITS barcode: KC411687 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834479; CaM = MN969282; RPB2 = JN121451). Penicillium ortum2015soil, protologuePenicillium ortum Visagie & K. Jacobs, Mycol. Prog. 14 (no. 96): 18. 2015. [MB809820]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: JX091427 (alternative markers: BenA = JX091520; CaM = JX141551; RPB2 = KF296443). Penicillium osmophilum1974unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium osmophilum Stolk & Veenb.-Rijks, Antonie van Leeu- wenhoek 40: 1. 1974. [MB319288]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Osmophila, ser. Osmophila. ITS barcode: EU427295 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969391; CaM = KU896846; RPB2 = JN121518). Penicillium ovatum2011soil, protologuePenicillium ovatum (K. Ando & Nawawi) Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 48. 2011. [MB561961]. Basionym: Torulomyces ovatus K. Ando & Nawawi, Mycoscience 39: 317. 1998. [MB447111]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: KF667370 (alternative markers: BenA = KF667366; CaM = KF667368; RPB2 = KF667372). Penicillium oxalicum1915present in NZpathogen, cucumber, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; animal toxin, DOI: 10.1139/m76-038; pathogen of Ipomoea and Dioscorea, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197present in NZPenicillium oxalicum Currie & Thom, J. Biol. Chem. 22: 289. 1915. [MB121033]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Oxalica. ITS barcode: AF033438 (alternative markers: BenA = KF296462; CaM = MN969283; RPB2 = JN121456). Penicillium pagulum2016protea flower, protologuePenicillium pagulum Visagie & K. Jacobs, IMA Fungus 7: 102. 2016. [MB811005]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Corylophila. ITS barcode: JX140898 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141070; CaM = JX157519; RPB2 = KP064655). Penicillium palitans1911present in NZSeries Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020; toxins https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; non-toxic, Frisvad 1989present in NZITS KJ775648; btub KJ775141Penicillium palitans Westling, Ark Bot. 11: 83. 1911. [MB203604]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ITS barcode: KJ834514 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834480; CaM = KU896847; RPB2 = KU904360). Penicillium palmense1978unrecorded in NZtoxin; air sample, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; toxin, Frisvad 1989unrecorded in NZPenicillium palmense C. Ramírez & A.T. Martínez, Mycopathologia 66: 80. 1978. [MB319289]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Spinulosa. ITS barcode: KJ834515 (alternative markers: BenA = GQ367508; CaM = GQ367534; RPB2 = JN406566). Penicillium pancosmium2011forest litter, protologuepresent in NZbtub JN606791.1 , Cmd JN606447.1 Penicillium pancosmium Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 108. 2011. [MB563191]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617660 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606790; CaM = MN969284; RPB2 = MN969130). Penicillium paneum1996bread, protologue; toxins, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; has been reported as beet pathogen, but taxoomy dodgy, 10.5248/134.197Penicillium paneum Frisvad, Microbiology 142: 546. 1996. [MB415570]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Roquefortorum, ser. Roquefortorum. ITS barcode: HQ442346 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674387; CaM = HQ442331; RPB2 = KU904361). Penicillium panissanguineum2016soil on termite mound, protologuePenicillium panissanguineum Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 275. 2016. [MB815783]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: KT887862 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887823; CaM = KT887784; RPB2 = MN969182). Penicillium paradoxum2014dung, NZ, protologuepresent in NZITS MH858700Penicillium paradoxum (Fennell & Raper) Samson et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 352. 2014. [MB547045]. Basionym: Aspergillus paradoxus Fennell & Raper, Mycologia 47: 69. 1955. [MB292853]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Paradoxa, ser. Paradoxa. ITS barcode: EF669707 (alternative markers: BenA = EF669683; CaM = EF669692; RPB2 = EF669670). Penicillium paraherquei1963unrecorded in NZbulb pathogen, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; path garlic and onion Dugan et al. 2017unrecorded in NZPenicillium paraherquei S. Abe ex G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 46: 335. 1963. [MB302412]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: AF178511 (alternative markers: BenA = KF296465; CaM = MN969285; RPB2 = KF296449). Penicillium parviverrucosum2011soil, protologuePenicillium parviverrucosum (K. Ando & Pitt) Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 48. 2011. [MB561962]. Basionym: Torulomyces parviverrucosus K. Ando & Pitt, Mycoscience 39: 317. 1998. [MB447109]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: n.a. (alternative markers: BenA = n.a.; CaM = n.a.; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium parvofructum2017soil, protologuePenicillium parvofructum Guevara-Suarez et al., Persoonia 38: 353. 2017. [MB819947]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: LT559091 (alternative markers: BenA = LT627645; CaM = LT627646; RPB2 = MN969197). Penicillium parvulum2009spoiled peanuts in association with Aspergillus, protologuePenicillium parvulum S.W. Peterson & B.W. Horn, Mycologia 101: 75. 2009. [MB509289]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Cinnamopurpurea. ITS barcode: EF422845 (alternative markers: BenA = EF506218; CaM = EF506225; RPB2 = MN969131). Penicillium parvum1948unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium parvum Raper & Fennell, Mycologia 40: 508. 1948. [MB289101]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: AF033460 (alternative markers: BenA = HQ646568; CaM = KF900173; RPB2 = JN406559). Penicillium pasqualense2011soil, protologuePenicillium pasqualense Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 108. 2011. [MB563190]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617676 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606673; CaM = MN969286; RPB2 = JN606617). Penicillium paxilli1907present in NZanimal pathogen, DOI: 10.1139/m76-038present in NZ +ATCC:26601, from NZ?; btub AY846880Penicillium paxilli Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 23: 95. 1907. [MB203838]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Paxillorum. ITS barcode: GU944577 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606844; CaM = JN606566; RPB2 = JN606610). Penicillium pedernalense2018shrimp, protologuePenicillium pedernalense Laich & J. Andrade, Index Fungorum 361: 1. 2018. [MB554533]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: KU255398 (alternative markers: BenA = KU255396; CaM = MN969322; RPB2 = MN969184). Penicillium penarojense2011litter and soil saprobe, protologuePenicillium penarojense Houbraken et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61: 1471. 2011. [MB518024]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: GU981570 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981646; CaM = MN969287; RPB2 = KF296450). Penicillium persicinum2004soil, protologuePenicillium persicinum L. Wang et al., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 86: 177. 2004. [MB500259]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Persicina. ITS barcode: JX997072 (alternative markers: BenA = JF909951; CaM = JX996954; RPB2 = JN406644). Penicillium philippinense1972soil, protologuePenicillium philippinense Udagawa & Y. Horie, J. Jap. Bot. 47: 341. 1972. [MB319291]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Restricta. ITS barcode: KC411770 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834482; CaM = KP016799; RPB2 = JN406543). Penicillium phoeniceum1933unrecorded in NZsooty mould mycelium, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium phoeniceum J.F.H. Beyma, Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Para- sitenk., Abt. 2 88: 136. 1933. [MB274284]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Charlesia, ser. Phoenicea.ITS barcode: KC411711 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834483; CaM = AY741729; RPB2 = JN406597). Penicillium pimiteouiense1999unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)human diseased tissue, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium pimiteouiense S.W. Peterson, Mycologia 91: 271. 1999. [MB460126]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: AF037431 (alternative markers: BenA = HQ646569; CaM = HQ646580; RPB2 = JN406650). Penicillium piscarium1911unrecorded in NZolive oil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium piscarium Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 86. 1911. [MB211321]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: GU981600 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981668; CaM = MN969288; RPB2 = KF296451). Penicillium polonicum1927plant pathogen bulbs, minor disease on beets, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197, garlic, onion; https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; toxins https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; cereal spoilage, toxins, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8; toxin in spoiled food, 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.025present in NZPenicillium polonicum K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 445. 1927. [MB274889]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ITS barcode: AF033475 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969392; CaM = KU896848; RPB2 = JN406609). aurantiogriseum complex https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8 Penicillium porphyreum2011soil, protologuePenicillium porphyreum Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 48. 2011. [MB561959]. Replaced synonym: Monocillium humicola var. brunneum M. Chr. & Backus, Mycologia 56: 498.1964. [MB353642]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces.ITS barcode: KF303666 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303621; CaM = KF303636; RPB2 = KF303677). Penicillium psychrosexuale2010wood in cool store, protologuePenicillium psychrosexuale [as “psychrosexualis”] Houbraken & Samson, IMA Fungus 1: 174. 2010. [MB834590]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Roquefortorum, ser. Roquefortorum. ITS barcode: HQ442345 (alternative markers: BenA = HQ442356; CaM = HQ442330; RPB2 = KU904362). Penicillium psychrotrophicum2019pathogen?, Codonopsis root, protologue; [Series Corymbifera, possible bulb associate, see Notes]; Penicillium psychrotrophicum Hyang B. Lee et al., Fungal Diversity 96: 103. 2019. [MB555409]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ITS barcode: KP941754 (alternative markers: BenA = KP900995; CaM = KP900994; RPB2 = MN969212). Penicillium pullum2002unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium pullum S.W. Peterson & Sigler, Mycol. Res. 106: 1115. 2002. [MB483982]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Stolkia, ser. Stolkia. ITS bacode: AF033443 (alternative markers: BenA = JN617719; CaM = AF481134; RPB2 = MN969132). Penicillium pulvillorum1939unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium pulvillorum Turfitt, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 23: 186. 1939. [MB275682]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: AF178517 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981670; CaM = MN969289; RPB2 = KF296452). Penicillium pulvis2014air sample, protologuePenicillium pulvis Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 429. 2014. [MB809970]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Glabra. ITS barcode: KM189632 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088876; CaM = KM089263; RPB2 = KM089650). part of P. glabrum complex, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; Penicillium punicae2017pomegranate fruit, protologuePenicillium punicae Hyang B. Lee et al., Fungal Diversity 83: 103. 2017. [MB818233]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Corylophila. ITS barcode: n.a. (alternative markers: BenA = KX839673; CaM = KX839671; RPB2 = KX839675). Penicillium purpurescens1923present in NZsoil, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; [isolated from diseased rice, Abe 1956]; non-toxic, Frisvad 1989present in NZPenicillium purpurescens [as “purpurascens”] (Sopp) Biourge, La Cellule 33: 105. 1923. [MB335761]. Basionym: Citromyces purpur- rescens Sopp, Skr. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiana, Math.-Naturvidensk. Kl. 11: 117. 1912. [MB568761]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Glabra. ITS barcode: KM189561 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088801; CaM = KM089186; RPB2 = KM089573). part of P. glabrum complex, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; Penicillium pusillum1939dried peas, protologuePenicillium pusillum G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 22 (3–4): 254. 1939. [MB275810]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Jiangxiensia. ITS barcode: EF626951 (alternative markers: BenA = KF932925; CaM = KF932941; RPB2 = KF932995). Penicillium quebecense2011air sample, protologuePenicillium quebecense Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 111. 2011. [MB563202]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617661 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606700; CaM = JN606509; RPB2 = JN606622). Penicillium quercetorum1968soil, protologue; doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002Penicillium quercetorum Baghd., Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 5: 110. 1968. [MB335762]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Quercetorum. ITS barcode: KM189556 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088795; CaM = KM089180; RPB2 = KM089567). Penicillium raciborskii1927unrecorded in NZsoil, protologue; toxin, Frisvad 1989unrecorded in NZPenicillium raciborskii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 454. 1927. [MB276002]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: AF033447 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141069; CaM = KP016800; RPB2 = JN406607). Penicillium radiatolobatum1972soil, protologue; soil, litter, Sect. Canescentia, Houbracken 2020Penicillium radiatolobatum Lörinczi, Publ. Soc. Nat. Rom. Pent. Stiinta Sol. 10B: 435. 1972. [MB114326]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Canescentia. ITS barcode: KC411745 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969413; CaM = MT066183; RPB2 = MN969168). Penicillium radicicola2003plant pathogen bulbs; https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; mycotoxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; toxins https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; pathogen onion, garlic, Dugan 2017; although protologue mentions mycotoxin production rather than bulb pathogen, the other species in the paper with protologue associated with mouldy bulbs elsewherePenicillium radicicola Overy & Frisvad, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 26: 633. 2003. [MB488233]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ITS barcode: KJ834516 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969393; CaM = MN969290; RPB2 = MN969133). Penicillium raistrickii1933present in NZtoxin, Frisvad 1989present in NZ +Penicillium raistrickii G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 18: 90. 1933. [MB276069]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Raistrickiorum. ITS barcode: AY373927 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834485; CaM = KJ867006; RPB2 = JN406592). Penicillium ramusculum1955culture contaminant, protologuePenicillium ramusculum Bat. & H. Maia, Anais Soc. Biol. Pernam- buco 13: 27. 1955. [MB302419]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Ramigena, ser. Ramigena. ITS barcode: EF433765 (alternative markers: BenA = EU427269; CaM = EU427278; RPB2 = JN121472). Penicillium ranomafanaense2014soil, protologuePenicillium ranomafanaense Houbraken & Hagen, Stud. Mycol. 78: 433. 2014. [MB809971]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Verhageniorum. ITS barcode: KM189541 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088779; CaM = KM089164; RPB2 = KM089551). Penicillium raperi1957unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium raperi G. Sm., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 40: 486. 1957. [MB302421]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: AF033433 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981622; CaM = MN969291; RPB2 = KF296453). Penicillium raphiae2011soil, protologuePenicillium raphiae Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 114. 2011. [MB563203]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617673 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606657; CaM = MN969292; RPB2 = JN606619). Penicillium reconvexovelosoi2019sandbank, protologuePenicillium reconvexovelosoi J.P. Andrade et al., Persoonia 43: 383, 2019. [MB832747]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: n.a. (alternative markers: BenA = MN497417; CaM = MN497418; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium repenticola (as repensicola)2016protea bracht, protologuePenicillium repensicola Visagie & K. Jacobs, IMA Fungus 7: 102. 2016. [MB811006]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Corylophila. ITS barcode: JX140893 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141150; CaM = JX157490; RPB2 = KP064660). Penicillium restingae2014soil, protologuePenicillium restingae J.P. Andrade et al., Persoonia 32: 293. 2014. [MB807051]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Adametziorum. ITS barcode: KF803355 (alternative markers: BenA = KF803349; CaM = KF803352; RPB2 = MN969134). Penicillium restrictum1927present in NZsoil, protologuepresent in NZITS KJ775656; btub KJ775149Penicillium restrictum J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott, Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci. 1: 297. 1927. [MB276289]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Restricta. ITS barcode: AF033457 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834486; CaM = KP016803; RPB2 = JN121506). Penicillium reticulisporum1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium reticulisporum Udagawa, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 9: 52. 1968. [MB335763]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: AF033437 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969394; CaM = MN969293; RPB2 = KF296454). Penicillium ribis (as ribium)2006soil, protologuePenicillium ribium Frisvad & Overy, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56: 1436. 2006. [MB501061]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Lanosa. ITS barcode: DQ267916 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969395; CaM = KJ866995; RPB2 = JN406631). Penicillium riverlandense2016soil, protologuePenicillium riverlandense Visagie & K. Jacobs, Persoonia 36: 149. 2016. [MB808269]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: JX091457 (alternative markers: BenA = JX091580; CaM = JX141593; RPB2 = KF303685). Penicillium robsamsonii2016dung, protologuePenicillium robsamsonii Frisvad & Houbraken, Persoonia 36: 313. 2016. [MB815872]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Robsamsonia. ITS barcode: KU904339 (alternative markers: BenA = KT698885; CaM = KT698894; RPB2 = KT698904). Penicillium rolfsii1930unrecorded in NZananas fruit, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium rolfsii Thom, Penicillia: 489. 1930. [MB276674]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: JN617705 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981667; CaM = MN969294; RPB2 = KF296455). Penicillium roqueforti1906present in NZAnimal path (toxin)non-toxic, Frisvad 1989present in NZ +IGS LT839872Penicillium roqueforti Thom, U.S.D.A. Bur. Animal Industr. Bull. 82: 35. 1906. [MB213525]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Roquefortorum, ser. Roquefortorum. ITS barcode: HQ442347 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969396; CaM = HQ442332; RPB2 = JN406611). Penicillium roseomaculatum1923soil etc, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002present in NZITS KM189465; btub KM088697Penicillium roseomaculatum Biourge, Cellule 33: 301. 1923. [MB276785]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Spinulosa. ITS barcode: KM189755 (alternative markers: BenA = KM089004; CaM = KM089391; RPB2 = KM089778). Penicillium roseopurpureum1901present in NZsoil, CBS 266.29, neotypepresent in NZ +ITS KJ775658; btub KJ775151Penicillium roseopurpureum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 86. 1901. [MB213447]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Roseopurpurea. ITS barcode: GU944605 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606838; CaM = JN606556; RPB2 = JN606613). Penicillium roseoviride1935soil, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002Penicillium roseoviride Stapp & Bortels, Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Para- sitenk., Abt. 2 93: 51. 1935. [MB492646]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KM189549 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088787; CaM = KM089172; RPB2 = KM089559). Penicillium rubefaciens1982unrecorded in NZsandy soil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium rubefaciens Quintan., Mycopathologia 80: 73. 1982. [MB109998]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Corylophila. ITS barcode: KC411677 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834487; CaM = KP016804; RPB2 = JN406627). Penicillium rubens1923?present in NZ +ITS KJ775665; btub KJ775158Penicillium rubens Biourge, Cellule 33: 265. 1923. [MB276884]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: JX997057 (alternative markers: BenA = JF909949; CaM = JX996263; RPB2 = JX996658). Penicillium rubidurum1973unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium rubidurum Udagawa & Y. Horie, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 14: 381. 1973. [MB319295]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: AF033462 (alternative markers: BenA = HQ646574; CaM = HQ646585; RPB2 = JN406545). Penicillium rubriannulatum2018soil, protologuePenicillium rubriannulatum L. Cai et al., Cladistics 35: 539. 2018 [2019]. [MB818162]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: KY495029 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495138; CaM = MN969336; RPB2 = KY495080). Penicillium rudallense2014soil, protologuePenicillium rudallense Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 433. 2014. [MB809972]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Glabra. ITS barcode: KM189504 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088741; CaM = KM089126; RPB2 = KM089513). part of P. glabrum complex, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; Penicillium saanichanum2020house dust, protologuePenicillium saanichanum Visagie, Assabgui & SeifertInfragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, based on ITS BLAST, isolated phylogenticallyITS barcode: KY469059 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088741; CaM = KM089126; RPB2 = KM089513). not treated by Houbracken 2020 Penicillium sacculum1926unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium sacculum E. Dale, Ann. Mycol. 24: 137. 1926. [MB277209]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Eladia, ser. Eladia. ITS barcode: KC411707 (alternative markers: BenA = KY469096; CaM = KY469020; RPB2 = MN795070). Penicillium sajarovii1981unrecorded in NZSecale cereale, protologue; name not been usedunrecorded in NZPenicillium sajarovii Quintan., Av. Aliment. Majora Anim. 22: 539. 1981. [MB114172]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Raistrickiorum. ITS barcode: KC411724 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969397; CaM = MN969295; RPB2 = JN406588). Penicillium salamii2014salalmi, protologuePenicillium salamii G. Perrone et al., Int. J. Food Microb. 193: 93. 2014. [MB809645]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Olsoniorum. ITS barcode: HG514431 (alternative markers: BenA = HG514437; CaM = HG514432; RPB2 = MN969160). Penicillium salmoniflumine2015air sample, protologuePenicillium salmoniflumine S.W. Peterson et al., PLoS ONE 10: 0121987, 21. 2015. [MB807374]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Idahoensia. ITS barcode: KF932960 (alternative markers: BenA = KF932928; CaM = KF932945; RPB2 = KF932999). Penicillium samsonianum2016soil, protologuePenicillium samsonianum L. Wang et al., Persoonia 36: 313. 2016. [MB815873]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Osmophila, ser. Samsoniorum. ITS barcode: KJ668590 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ668582; CaM = KJ668586; RPB2 = KT698899). Penicillium sanguifluum1923?present in NZITS KJ775667; btub KJ775160Penicillium sanguifluum (Sopp) Biourge, Cellule 33: 105. 1923. [MB356682]. Basionym: Citromyces sanguifluus Sopp, Skr. Vidensk.- Selsk. Christiana Math.-Nat. Kl. 11: 115. 1912. [MB491120]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Roseopurpurea. ITS barcode: JN617681 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606819; CaM = JN606555; RPB2 = MN969135). Penicillium sanshaensee2017soil, protologuePenicillium sanshaense X.C. Wang & W.Y. Zhuang, Sci. Rep. 7: 8233, 9. 2017. [MB570337]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Herqueorum. ITS barcode: KX885070 (alternative markers: BenA = KX885050; CaM = KX885060; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium saturniforme2011soil, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002Penicillium saturniforme (L. Wang & W.Y. Zhuang) Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 48. 2011. [MB561958]. Basionym: Eupe- nicillium saturniforme L. Wang & W.Y. Zhuang Mycopathologia 167: 300. 2009. [MB541663]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Saturniformia. ITS barcode: EU644081 (alternative markers: BenA = EU644080; CaM = EU644062; RPB2 = JN121439). Penicillium scabrosum1990unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium scabrosum Frisvad et al., Persoonia 14: 177. 1990. [MB136735]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Scabrosa. ITS barcode: DQ267906 (alternative markers: BenA = DQ285610; CaM = FJ530987; RPB2 = JN406541). Penicillium sclerotigenum1955unrecorded in NZplant path, yams, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdftoxins, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdfunrecorded in NZPenicillium sclerotigenum W. Yamam., Sci. Rep. Hyogo Univ Agric. 1: 69. 1955. [MB302424]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Sclerotigena. ITS barcode: AF033470 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674393; CaM = KU896850; RPB2 = JN406652). Penicillium sclerotiorum1937unrecorded in NZsoil and other substrates, doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.03present in NZ +Penicillium sclerotiorum J.F.H. Beyma, Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Para- sitenk., Abt. 2 96: 418. 1937. [MB277708]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: JN626132 (alternative markers: BenA = JN626001; CaM = JN626044; RPB2 = JN406585). Penicillium senticosum1968present in NZsoil, protologuepresent in NZ +Penicillium senticosum D.B. Scott, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 36: 5. 1968. [MB335764]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Eladia, ser. Eladia. ITS barcode: KC411733 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834490; CaM = MN969296; RPB2 = MN969136). Penicillium setosum2018Withania roots, protologuePenicillium setosum Tijith et al., Mycology 10: 55. 2018. [MB818581]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: KT852579 (alternative markers: BenA = MF184995; CaM = MH105905; RPB2 = MH016196). Invalid, IF Penicillium shearii1967unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium shearii Stolk & D.B. Scott, Persoonia 4: 396. 1967. [MB335765]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Sheariorum. ITS barcode: GU944606 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606840; CaM = EU644068; RPB2 = JN121482). Penicillium shennongjianum1988unrecorded in NZmouldy peas, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium shennongjianum [as “shennonghianum”] H.Z. Kong & Z.T. Qi, Mycosystema 1: 110. 1988. [MB587562]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Cinnamopurpurea, ser. Nodula. ITS barcode: KC411705 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834491; CaM = AY678561; RPB2 = JN121458). Penicillium simile2012air sample, protologuePenicillium simile Davolos et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 62: 457. 2012. [MB509645]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Raistrickiorum. ITS barcode: FJ376592 (alternative markers: BenA = FJ376595; CaM = GQ979710; RPB2 = MN969137). Penicillium simplicissimum1930present in NZAnimal path (toxin)toxin, Frisvad 1989; reported from onion but ID non-molecular, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; Falloon 1985, ryegrass seeds in NZ, morphological IDpresent in NZ +Penicillium simplicissimum (Oudem.) Thom, Penicillia: 335. 1930. [MB278201]. Basionym: Spicaria simplicissima Oudem., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2: 763. 1902. [MB245011]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: GU981588 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981632; CaM = MN969297; RPB2 = JN121507). Penicillium sinaicum1982unrecorded in NZmarine sludge, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium sinaicum Udagawa & S. Ueda, Mycotaxon 14: 266. 1982. [MB110862]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Crustacea. ITS barcode: JX997090 (alternative markers: BenA = KU896818; CaM = JX996970; RPB2 = JN406587). Penicillium singorense2014house dust, protologuePenicillium singorense Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 119. 2014. [MB809182]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divar- icata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: KJ775674 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ775167; CaM = KJ775403; RPB2 = MN969138). Penicillium sizovae1968unrecorded in NZsoil and other substrates, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0047-zunrecorded in NZPenicillium sizovae Baghd., Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 1968: 103. 1968. [MB335767]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Citrina. ITS barcode: GU944588 (alternative markers: BenA = GU944535; CaM = MN969298; RPB2 = JN606603). Penicillium skrjabinii1974soil, protologuePenicillium skrjabinii Schmotina & Golovleva, Mikol. Fitopatol. 8: 530. 1974. [MB319296]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: GU981576 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981626; CaM = MN969299; RPB2 = EU427252). Penicillium smithii1982unrecorded in NZSecale cereale, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium smithii Quintan., Av. Aliment. Majora Anim. 23: 340. 1982. [MB114173]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: KC411723 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834492; CaM = KP016806; RPB2 = JN406589). Penicillium soliforme2018soil, protologuePenicillium soliforme L. Cai et al., Cladistics 35: 540. 2018 [2019]. [MB818158]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: KY495038 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495147; CaM = MN969337; RPB2 = KY495047). Penicillium solitum1911unrecorded in NZpathogen, apples; Series Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020; apples, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdf; toxin, Frisvad 1989; toxin in spoiled food, 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.025unrecorded in NZPenicillium solitum Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 65. 1911. [MB206172]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ITS barcode: AY373932 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969398; CaM = KU896851; RPB2 = KU904363). Penicillium soosanum2018soil, protologuePenicillium soosanum Kub
atov
a et al., Mycol. Prog. 18 (1-2): 223. 2018. [MB824353]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Oxalica. ITS barcode: FJ430745 (alternative markers: BenA = FM865811; CaM = LT970913; RPB2 = LT797561). Penicillium soppii1927unrecorded in NZtoxin, Frisvad 1989unrecorded in NZPenicillium soppii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Cl. Sci. Math., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 476. 1927. [MB121424]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Soppiorum. ITS barcode: AF033488 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969399; CaM = KJ867002; RPB2 = JN406606). Penicillium spathulatum2013soil and stored foods, protologuePenicillium spathulatum Frisvad & Samson, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 339: 88. 2013. [MB492650]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Buchwaldiorum. ITS barcode: JX313165 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969400; CaM = JX313149; RPB2 = JN406636). Penicillium speluncae2020Series Camembertiorum. Species typically occur on proteinaceous and lipid-containing foods, Houbracken 2020Penicillium speluncae Visagie & N. Yilmaz, Fungal Syst. Evol. 5: 10. 2020. [MB828614]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Camembertiorum. ITS barcode: MG490869 (alternative markers: BenA = MG490889; CaM = MG490959; RPB2 = MN170741). Penicillium spinuliferum2018soil, protologuePenicillium spinuliferum L. Cai & X.Z. Jiang, Cladistics 35: 542. 2018 [2019]. [MB818153]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: KY495040 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495149; CaM = MN969338; RPB2 = KY495090). Penicillium spinulosum1910present in NZanimal path (opportunistic)toxin; soil and litter, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; toxin, Frisvad 1989; isolated from onion bulbs, Dugan 2019present in NZ +COX1 EF180401Penicillium spinulosum Thom, U.S.D.A. Bur. Animal Industr. Bull. 118: 76. 1910. [MB215401]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Spinulosa. ITS barcode: AF033410 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834493; CaM = GQ367524; RPB2 = JN406558). Penicillium steckii1927unrecorded in NZnon-toxic?; soil and other substrates, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0047-z; animal pathogen PMCID: PMC187226; non-toxic, Frisvad 1989unrecorded in NZPenicillium steckii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 469. 1927. [MB278769]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Citrina. ITS barcode: GU944597 (alternative markers: BenA = GU944522; CaM = MN969300; RPB2 = JN606602). Penicillium sterculiniicola2014soil etc., protologuepresent in NZITS KM189467; btub KM088699Penicillium sterculiniicola Houbraken, Stud. Mycol. 78: 436. 2014 [MB809973]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Spinulosa. ITS barcode: KM189464 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088693; CaM = KM089078; RPB2 = KM089465). Penicillium stolkiae1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium stolkiae D.B. Scott, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 36: 8. 1968. [MB335768]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Stolkia, ser. Stolkia. ITS barcode: AF033444 (alternative markers: BenA = JN617717; CaM = AF481135; RPB2 = JN121488). Penicillium striatisporum1969unrecorded in NZAcacia litter, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium striatisporum Stolk, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 35: 268. 1969. [MB335769]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: AF038938 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969401; CaM = KP016807; RPB2 = JN406538). Penicillium subarcticum2002unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium subarcticum S.W. Peterson & Sigler, Mycol. Res. 106: 1116. 2002. [MB483983]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Stolkia, ser. Stolkia. ITS barcode: AF481120 (alternative markers: BenA = JN617716; CaM = AF481141; RPB2 = MN969139). Penicillium sublectaticum2014saprobe, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002present in NZITS KJ775677; btub KJ775170Penicillium sublectaticum Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 436. 2014. [MB809974]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Sublectatica. ITS barcode: KM189761 (alternative markers: BenA = KM089010; CaM = KM089397; RPB2 = KM089784). Penicillium subrubescens2013soil, protologuePenicillium subrubescens Houbraken et al., Antonie van Leeu- wenhoek 103: 1354. 2013. [MB801306]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: KC346350 (alternative markers: BenA = KC346327; CaM = KC346330; RPB2 = KC346306). Penicillium subspinulosum2014soil, protologuePenicillium subspinulosum Houbraken, Stud. Mycol. 78: 436. 2014. [MB809975]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Spinulosa. ITS barcode: KM189483 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088719; CaM = KM089104; RPB2 = KM089491). Penicillium subturcoseum2016soil, protologuePenicillium subturcoseum Visagie & K. Jacobs, IMA Fungus 7: 105. 2016. [MB811008]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Corylophila. ITS barcode: FJ231006 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141161; CaM = JX157532; RPB2 = KP064674). Penicillium sucrivorum2014mite on flower, protologuePenicillium sucrivorum Visagie & K. Jacobs, Mycologia 106: 546. 2014. [MB804723]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JX140872 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141015; CaM = JX141506; RPB2 = MN969140). Penicillium sumatraense1936plant pathogen; Houbracken - been reported to produce a blue mould rot of Vitus vinifera and Sparassis crispa (Mahdian & Zafari 2016, Liu et al. 2018b) Penicillium sumatraense [as “sumatrense”] Szilvinyi, Archiv. Hydrobiol.14 Suppl. 6: 535. 1936. [MB319297]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Sumatraensia. ITS barcode: GU944578 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606639; CaM = MN969301; RPB2 = EF198541). Penicillium svalbardense2007glacial ice, protologuePenicillium svalbardense Frisvad et al., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 92: 48. 2007. [MB529943]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: GU981603 (alternative markers: BenA = DQ486644; CaM = KC346338; RPB2 = KF296457). Penicillium swiecickii1927soil, protologuepresent in NZITS KJ775695; btub KJ775188Penicillium swiecickii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 474. 1927. [MB534781]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Lanosa. ITS barcode: AF033490 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834494; CaM = KJ866993; RPB2 = JN406635). Penicillium synnematicola2020dung, protologuePenicillium synnematicola Guevara-Suarez et al., Fungal Syst. Evol. 5: 62. 2020. [MB822072]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Glandicolarum. ITS barcode: LT898167 (alternative markers: BenA = LT898172; CaM = LT898137; RPB2 = LT898142). Penicillium taiwanense2011Musa litter, protologuePenicillium taiwanense (Matsushima) Houbraken & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 70: 48. 2011. [MB561969]. Basionym: Phialomyces taiwa- nensis Matsush., Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 4: 12. 1985. [MB105680]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Thysanophora, ser. Thysanophora. ITS barcode: n.a. (alternative markers: BenA = n.a.; CaM = n.a.; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium tanzanicum2016soil on termite mound, protologuePenicillium tanzanicum Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 278. 2016. [MB815781]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: KT887841 (alternative markers: BenA = KT887802; CaM = KT887763; RPB2 = MN969183). Penicillium tardochrysogenum2012soil, protologuePenicillium tardochrysogenum Frisvad et al., Persoonia 29: 93. 2012. [MB801877]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: JX997028 (alternative markers: BenA = JX996898; CaM = JX996239; RPB2 = JX996634). Penicillium taurinense2020air sample, protologuePenicillium taurinense S. Prencipe, Houbraken & D. Spadaroser. Glandicolarum. based on btub BLASTITS barcode: MF595981 (alternative markers: BenA = MF595977; CaM = MF595979; RPB2 = MT253108). Penicillium taxi1956litter, protologuePenicillium taxi R. Schneid., Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenk., Abt. 2 110: 43. 1956. [MB282799]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Thysanophora, ser. Thysanophora. ITS barcode: KJ834517 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834495; CaM = MN969302; RPB2 = JN121454). Penicillium terrarumae2016soil, protologuePenicillium terrarumae Houbraken et al., Phytotaxa 273: 170. 2016. [MB801431]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: MN431397 (alternative markers: BenA = KX650295; CaM = MN969323; RPB2 = MN969185). Penicillium terrenum1968unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium terrenum D.B. Scott, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 36: 1. 1968. [MB335771]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: AM992111 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834496; CaM = KP016808; RPB2 = JN406577). Penicillium terrigenum2011soil, protologuePenicillium terrigenum Seifert et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 125. 2011. [MB563204]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Copticolarum. ITS barcode: JN617684 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606810; CaM = JN606583; RPB2 = JN606600). Penicillium thiersii2004saprobic, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002Penicillium thiersii S.W. Peterson et al., Mycologia 96: 1283. 2004. [MB487738]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thiersiorum. ITS barcode: AF125936 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834497; CaM = AY741726; RPB2 = JN121434). Penicillium thomii1917present in NZsoil etc, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002; [isolated from disease rice, Abe 1956]present in NZ +Penicillium thomii Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 8: 189. 1917. [MB202819]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KM189560 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088799; CaM = KM089184; RPB2 = KM089571). Penicillium thymicola2004protologue, Thymus; Species are associated with stored cereal grains (P. verrucosum) and dried or salted meat products; they can also grow on cheese, Houbracken 2020unrecorded in NZPenicillium thymicola Frisvad & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 49: 29. 2004. [MB370969]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Verrucosa. ITS barcode: KJ834518 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969402; CaM = FJ530990; RPB2 = KU904364). Penicillium tricolor1994unrecorded in NZtoxins, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; cereal spoilage, toxins, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8unrecorded in NZPenicillium tricolor Frisvad et al., Canad. J. Bot. 72: 937. 1994. [MB541710]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ITS barcode: JN942704 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969403; CaM = KU896852; RPB2 = JN985422). aurantiogriseum complex, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8 Penicillium tropicoides2010soil, protologuePenicillium tropicoides Houbraken et al., Fungal Divers. 44: 127. 2010. [MB518293]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Citrina. ITS barcode: GU944584 (alternative markers: BenA = GU944531; CaM = MN969303; RPB2 = JN606608). Penicillium tropicum2010soil (tropics), protologuePenicillium tropicum Houbraken et al., Fungal Divers. 44: 129. 2010. [MB518294]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Citrina. ITS barcode: GU944582 (alternative markers: BenA = GU944532; CaM = MN969304; RPB2 = JN606607). Penicillium trzebinskii1927soil and litter, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002Penicillium trzebinskii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 498. 1927. [MB280795]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Spinulosa.ITS barcode: KM189784 (alternative markers: BenA = KM089034; CaM = KM089421; RPB2 = KM089808). Penicillium tsitsikammaense2014soil, protologuePenicillium tsitsikammaense Houbraken, Stud. Mycol. 78: 440. 2014. [MB809976]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Pinetorum. ITS barcode: KM189451 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088675; CaM = KM089060; RPB2 = KM089447). Penicillium tubakianum2016Cyathea litter, saprobe, protologuepresent in NZPenicillium tubakianum Visagie & Samson, Persoonia 36: 151. 2016. [MB808270]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: KF303652 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303611; CaM = KF303637; RPB2 = KF303712). Penicillium tularense1971unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium tularense Paden, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 43: 264. 1971. [MB319298]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Brevicompacta, ser. Tularensia. ITS barcode: AF033487 (alternative markers: BenA = KC427175; CaM = JX313135; RPB2 = JN121516). Penicillium tulipae2003plant pathogen; toxin - MPI regard as present in NZ; assoc with mouldy bulbs, DOI: 10.4489/MYCO.2006.34.4.176; toxin noted in protologue https://doi.org/10.1078/072320203770865945; Sect Corymbifera, see Notes; toxins ['tremorgin, acutely toxic'] https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; bulb pathogen, Overy & Frisvad 2003present in NZbtub, unpublished from MPIPenicillium tulipae Overy & Frisvad, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 26: 634. 2003. [MB488954]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ITS barcode: KJ834519 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969404; CaM = MN969305; RPB2 = MN969141). Penicillium tunisiense2018apple fruit, non-toxic protologue,https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.002962Penicillium tunisiense S. Ouhibi et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 68: 3224. 2018. [MB823626]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Soppiorum. ITS barcode: MG586956 (alternative markers: BenA = MG586970; CaM = MG586974; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium turbatum1911unrecorded in NZTaxus litter, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium turbatum Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 128. 1911. [MB202895]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Turbata, ser. Turbata. ITS barcode: AF034454 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834499; CaM = KU896853; RPB2 = JN406556). Penicillium turcosoconidiatum2014soil, protologuePenicillium turcosoconidiatum Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 440. 2014. [MB809977]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Pinetorum. ITS barcode: KM189645 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088889; CaM = KM089276; RPB2 = KM089663). Penicillium ubiquetum2011soil, protologuePenicillium ubiquetum Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 127. 2011. [MB563201]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617680 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606800; CaM = MN969306; RPB2 = MN969142). Penicillium ulaiense1987unrecorded in NZplant pathogen; toxin - whisker mould citrus; DOI: 10.4489/MYCO.2006.34.4.176; toxin production mentioned in protolgue https://doi.org/10.1078/072320203770865945; citrus, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdfoccurence uncertainPenicillium ulaiense H.M. Hsieh et al., Trans. Mycol. Soc. Rep. China 2: 161. 1987. [MB126489]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Penicillium, ser. Italica. ITS barcode: KC411695 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674408; CaM = KU896854; RPB2 = KU904365). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_ulaiense note as present in NZ] Penicillium uruguayense2017soil, protologuePenicillium uruguayense Guevara-Suarez et al., Persoonia 39: 323. 2017. [MB822920]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella. ITS barcode: LT904729 (alternative markers: BenA = LT904699; CaM = LT904698; RPB2 = MN969200). Penicillium vagum2014soil, protologuePenicillium vagum Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 443. 2014. [MB809978]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Longicatenata. ITS barcode: KM189642 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088886; CaM = KM089273; RPB2 = KM089660). Penicillium valentinum1980air and soil, doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.002Penicillium valentinum C. Ramírez & A.T. Martínez, Mycopathologia 72: 183. 1980. [MB113027]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KM189550 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088788; CaM = KM089173; RPB2 = KM089560). Penicillium vallebormidaense2020compost, protologuePenicillium vallebormidaense Houbraken & Di PiazzaInfragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia based on Btub BLASTITS barcode: MT316359 (alternative markers: BenA = MW115862; CaM = MW115863; RPB2 = MW115864). not treated by Houbracken 2020 Penicillium vancouverense2011soil, protologuePenicillium vancouverense Houbraken et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 131. 2011. [MB563207]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617675 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606663; CaM = MN969307; RPB2 = MN969143). Penicillium vanderhammenii2011unrecorded in NZlitter and soil saprobe, protologuePenicillium vanderhammenii Houbraken et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61: 1473. 2011. [MB518027]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: GU981574 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981647; CaM = MN969308; RPB2 = KF296458). Penicillium vanluykii2012cave (air?), protologuePenicillium vanluykii Frisvad et al., Persoonia 29: 97. 2012. [MB801878]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Chrysogena, ser. Chrysogena. ITS barcode: JX997007 (alternative markers: BenA = JX996879; CaM = JX996220; RPB2 = JX996615). Penicillium vanoranjei2013soil, protologuePenicillium vanoranjei Visagie et al., Persoonia 31: 46. 2013. [MB803782]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: KC695696 (alternative markers: BenA = KC695686; CaM = KC695691; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium variratense2016soil, protologuePenicillium variratense Visagie & Samson, Persoonia 36: 151. 2016. [MB808271]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: KF303649 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303610; CaM = KF303630; RPB2 = KF303675). Penicillium vasconiae1980unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium vasconiae C. Ramírez & A.T. Martínez, Mycopathologia 72: 189. 1980. [MB113028]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. ITS barcode: GU981599 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981653; CaM = MN969309; RPB2 = MN969144). Penicillium vascosobrinhous2020endophyte, protologuePenicillium vascosobrinhous R.N. Barbosa & J.D.P. Bezerra, Acta Bot. Bras. 2020. [MB833816]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Euglauca. ITS barcode: LR744067 (alternative markers: BenA = LR744069; CaM = LR744063; RPB2 = LR744065). Penicillium velutinum1935unrecorded in NZhuman sputum; non-toxic, Frisvad 1989unrecorded in NZPenicillium velutinum J.F.H. Beyma, Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenk., Abt. 2 91: 353. 1935. [MB283175]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: AF033448 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141170; CaM = MT478037; RPB2 = KP064682). Penicillium venetum2000plant pathogen, garlic, onion, tulip, etc, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; Iris, toxins but rare in food, https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article1.pdfPenicillium venetum (Frisvad) Frisvad, Int. Mod. Meth. Pen. Asp. Clas.: 275. 2000. [MB459816]. Basionym: Penicillium hirsutum var. venetum Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 856. 1990. [MB126414]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Corymbifera. ITS barcode: AJ005485 (alternative markers: BenA = AY674335; CaM = KU896855; RPB2 = KU904366). Penicillium verhagenii2014soil etc., protologuePenicillium verhagenii Houbraken, Stud. Mycol. 78: 443. 2014. [MB809979]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Verhageniorum. ITS barcode: KM189708 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088955; CaM = KM089342; RPB2 = KM089729). Penicillium verrucisporum2017soil, protologuePenicillium verrucisporum X.C. Wang & W.Y. Zhuang, Sci. Rep. 7: 8233, 10. 2017. [MB570339]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Herqueorum. ITS barcode: KX885069 (alternative markers: BenA = KX885049; CaM = KX885059; RPB2 = KX885040). Penicillium verrucosum1901unrecorded in NZAnimal path (toxin)Species are associated with stored cereal grains e.g. used for stock food, and dried or salted meat products; they can also grow on cheese, Houbracken 2020; mycotoxin https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdf; https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; toxin, Frisvad 1989; apple blue mould http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/disease-management/blue-mold/unrecorded in NZPenicillium verrucosum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 88. 1901. [MB212252]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Verrucosa. ITS barcode: AY373938 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969405; CaM = DQ911138; RPB2 = JN121539). Penicillium vinaceum1927unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium vinaceum J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott, Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci. 1: 299. 1927. [MB281754]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Erubescentia. ITS barcode: AF033461 (alternative markers: BenA = HQ646575; CaM = HQ646586; RPB2 = JN406555). Penicillium virgatum2005soil, protologuePenicillium virgatum Nirenberg & Kwasna, Mycol. Res. 109: 977. 2005. [MB341488]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Ramosum, ser. Virgata. ITS barcode: AJ748692 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834500; CaM = KJ866992; RPB2 = JN406641). Penicillium viridicatum1911present in NZAnimal path (toxin)not plant pathogen? non-toxic? mistakenly reported as garlic pathogen; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01411.x; toxin, food spoilage, https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/43149/Louw_Pathogenicity_2014.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y; cereal spoilage, toxins, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8; non-toxic, Frisvad 1989; grapes Pitt & Hosking 2009present in NZPenicillium viridicatum Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 88. 1911. [MB163349]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Fasciculata, ser. Viridicata. ITS barcode: AY373939 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969406; CaM = KU896856; RPB2 = JN121511). aurantiogriseum complex, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80466-8 Penicillium viridissimum2018soil, protologuePenicillium viridissimum L. Cai & X.Z. Jiang, Cladistics 35: 543. 2018 [2019]. [MB818160]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: KY495004 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495113; CaM = MN969339; RPB2 = KY495059). Penicillium viticola2011soil and grapes, doi:10.3114/sim.2011.70.03Penicillium viticola Nonaka & Masuma, Mycoscience 52: 339. 2011. [MB516048]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Sclerotiorum, ser. Sclerotiorum. ITS barcode: AB606414 (alternative markers: BenA = AB540174; CaM = n.a.; RPB2 = n.a.). Penicillium vulpinum1986present in NZAnimal path (toxin)beet path, possibly dodgy taxonomy, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197; toxins, https://studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim49/Sim49Article3.pdfpresent in NZ +Penicillium vulpinum (Cooke & Massee) Seifert & Samson, Adv. Pen. Asp. Syst.: 144. 1986 [1985]. [MB114763]. Basionym: Coremium vulpinum Cooke & Massee, Grevillea 16: 81. 1888. [MB183683]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Robsamsonia, ser. Claviformia. ITS barcode: AF506012 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ834501; CaM = KU896857; RPB2 = KU904367). the dung inhabiting P. claviforme a synonym, common in lit, https://doi.org/10.5248/134.197 Penicillium waksmanii1927present in NZsoil, protologuepresent in NZ +btub JN606780Penicillium waksmanii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat.: 468. 1927. [MB121677]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: GU944602 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606779; CaM = MN969310; RPB2 = JN606627). Penicillium wellingtonense2011soil, protologuepresent in NZITS JN617713; btub JN606670Penicillium wellingtonense A.L.J. Cole et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 133. 2011. [MB563208]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: JN617713 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606670; CaM = MN969311; RPB2 = JN606616). Penicillium westlingii1927soil, protologue; toxin, Frisvad 1989unrecorded in NZPenicillium westlingii K.W. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. B., Sci. Nat. 1927: 473. 1927. [MB282076]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Citrina, ser. Westlingiorum. ITS barcode: GU944601 (alternative markers: BenA = JN606718; CaM = MN969312; RPB2 = JN606625). Penicillium williamettense2016soil, protologuePenicillium williamettense Visagie & Samson, Persoonia 36: 151. 2016. [MB808272]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: KF303667 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303622; CaM = KF303639; RPB2 = KF303709). Penicillium wisconsinense2016saprobe, protologuePenicillium wisconsinense Visagie & Samson, Persoonia 36: 151. 2016. [MB808273]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: KF303670 (alternative markers: BenA = KF303624; CaM = KF303641; RPB2 = KF303706). Penicillium wollemiicola2016liltter saprobe, protologuePenicillium wollemiicola Visagie et al., Persoonia 36: 153. 2016. [MB808274]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Torulomyces, ser. Torulomyces. ITS barcode: KJ174314 (alternative markers: BenA = KJ174315; CaM = KJ174316; RPB2 = KJ174313). Penicillium wotroi2011liltter saprobe, protologuePenicillium wotroi Houbraken et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61: 1474. 2011. [MB518026]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Simplicissima. ITS barcode: GU981591 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981637; CaM = MN969313; RPB2 = KF296460). Penicillium xanthomelinii2016soil, protologuePenicillium xanthomelinii Visagie & K. Jacobs, IMA Fungus 7: 105. 2016. [MB811009]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Exilicaulis, ser. Lapidosa. ITS barcode: JX140921 (alternative markers: BenA = JX141120; CaM = JX157495; RPB2 = KP064683). Penicillium yarmokense1968soil, litter, Sect. Canescentia, Houbracken 2020Penicillium yarmokense Baghd., Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 5: 99. 1968. [MB335774]. Infragen. class: subgen. Penicillium, sect. Canescentia, ser. Canescentia.ITS barcode: KC411757 (alternative markers: BenA = MN969407; CaM = MN969314; RPB2 = JN406553). Penicillium yezoense2014soil etc., protologuePenicillium yezoense Hanzawa ex Houbraken, Stud. Mycol. 78: 443. 2014. [MB809980]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Thomiorum. ITS barcode: KM189553 (alternative markers: BenA = KM088792; CaM = KM089177; RPB2 = KM089564). Penicillium yunnanense2018soil, protologuePenicillium yunnanense L. Cai & X.Z. Jiang, Cladistics 35: 545. 2018 [2019]. [MB818163]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Janthinella.ITS barcode: KY494990 (alternative markers: BenA = KY495099; CaM = MN969340; RPB2 = KY495048). Penicillium zhuangii2014betula leaves, protologuePenicillium zhuangii L. Wang, PLoS ONE 9: e101454, 4. 2014. [MB805945]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Aspergilloides, ser. Hoeksiorum. ITS barcode: KF769435 (alternative markers: BenA = KF769411; CaM = KF769422; RPB2 = MN969145). Penicillium zonatum1973unrecorded in NZsoil, protologueunrecorded in NZPenicillium zonatum Hodges & J.J. Perry, Mycologia 65: 697. 1973. [MB319303]. Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Dalearum. ITS barcode: GU981581 (alternative markers: BenA = GU981651; CaM = MN969315; RPB2 = KF296461). Penicillium rotoruae2020timber saprobe, protolguepresent in NZITS MN315103; btub MN315104Penicillium rotoruae O'Callahan & Vaidya, in O'Callahan, Vaidya, Donaldson & Singh, Curr. Microbiol. 77: 4131 (2020)Infragen. class: subgen. Aspergilloides, sect. Lanata-Divaricata, ser. Rolfsiorum. , based on Btub BLASTITS barcode: MN315103 (alternative markers: BenA = MN315104; CaM = MN315102; RPB2 = MT240842). not treated by Houbracken 2020