TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineae×Agropogon×Agropogon littoralis×Agropogon littoralisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial15-40 cm0.4FO NZ V001xAgropogon littoralisxAgropogonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceae×Amarcrinum×Amarcrinum memoria-corsii×Amarcrinum memoria-corsiiSometimes presentCHR 654810; nothotaxon: belladonna x moorei0MonocotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceae×Sedadia×Sedadia amecamecana×Sedadia amecamecanaSometimes present0Dicotsperennialground-covering plant forming large loose mats and a similar habit to Sedum decumbens, natural hybridNASykes 2004001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaeAbiesAbies albaAbies albaSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 55(-60?) m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaeAbiesAbies grandisAbies grandisWild0Gymnospermstreeperennialto 30 m or more in cultivation30Webb et al. 1995001Abies grandisAbiesFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaeAbiesAbies nordmannianaAbies nordmannianaWild0Gymnospermstreeperennialto c. 30 m high30FO NZ IV001Abies nordmannianaAbiesFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaeAbiesAbies pinsapoAbies pinsapoSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 30 m tall, but most trees in nature smallerNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeAbutilonAbutilon grandifoliumAbutilon grandifoliumWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 1-(2) m high2FO NZ IV001Abutilon grandifoliumAbutilonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeAbutilonAbutilon indicumAbutilon indicumSometimes present526585 A & B0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeAbutilonAbutilon megapotamicumAbutilon megapotamicumWild0DicotsvineperennialSemi-lianoid shrubNAHeenan et al. 1998001Abutilon megapotamicumAbutilonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeAbutilonAbutilon theophrastiAbutilon theophrastiWild0Dicotsherbannual0.3-1-(1.5) m high1.5FO NZ IV100Abutilon theophrastiAbutilonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia baileyanaAcacia baileyanaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 10 m high10FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia baileyanaAcaciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia dealbataAcacia dealbataWild1Dicotstreeperennialto 30 m high30FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia dealbataAcaciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia decurrensAcacia decurrensWild1Dicotstreeperennialto 10 (-15) m high15FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia decurrensAcaciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia elataAcacia elataWild0Dicotstreeperennial7-20 m high20FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia elataAcaciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia fimbriataAcacia fimbriataSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialErect or spreading shrub or tree to 6 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia floribundaAcacia floribundaWild0Dicotstreeperennial2-8 m high8FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia floribundaAcaciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia longifoliaAcacia longifoliaWild1Dicotstreeperennial1.5-10 m high10FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia longifoliaAcaciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia longissimaAcacia longissimaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialErect or spreading shrub or tree 2–6 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia maideniiAcacia maideniiSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 20 m high20Heenan et al. 2004; FO Australia001Acacia maideniiAcaciaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia mearnsiiAcacia mearnsiiWild1Dicotstreeperennialto 10(16) m high16FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia mearnsiiAcaciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia melanoxylonAcacia melanoxylonWild1Dicotstreeperennial6-30(-45) m high45FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia melanoxylonAcaciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia paradoxaAcacia paradoxaWild1Dicotstreeperennialup to 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Acacia paradoxaAcaciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia parramattensisAcacia parramattensisWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 15 m high15FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia parramattensisAcaciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia podalyriifoliaAcacia podalyriifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial3-7 m high7FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia podalyriifoliaAcaciaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia pravissimaAcacia pravissimaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial3-8 m high8Heenan et al. 2002; FO Australia001Acacia pravissimaAcaciaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia prominensAcacia prominensSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial5-9 m high9Heenan et al. 2008; FO Australia001Acacia prominensAcaciaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia riceanaAcacia riceanaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialVariable shrub, sometimes erect, sometimes pendulousNAANBG001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia salignaAcacia salignaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial2-6 m high6Heenan et al. 2004; FO Australia001Acacia salignaAcaciaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia schinoidesAcacia schinoidesSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialErect tree or shrub 2–10 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia strictaAcacia strictaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial1-5 m high5FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia strictaAcaciaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia ulicifoliaAcacia ulicifoliaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialDecumbent to erect shrub 0.5–2 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAcaciaAcacia verticillataAcacia verticillataWild1Dicotstreeperennialto 10 m high10FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Acacia verticillataAcaciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeAcaenaAcaena agnipilaAcaena agnipilaWild0Dicotsherbperennial15-80 cm high0.8FO NZ IV001Acaena agnipilaAcaenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeAcaenaAcaena echinataAcaena echinataSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialErect or ascending perennial herb 25–40(–70) cm high0.7Vic Flora001Acaena echinataAcaenaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeAcalyphaAcalypha wilkesianaAcalypha wilkesianaSometimes present0Dicotsshrub-subshrubperennialevergreen, often suckering, tropical shrub or subshrub that may grow to 10-15’ tall...typically grown as an annual in St. Louis where it will grow 2-4’ tall in a single growing seasonNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesAcanthaceaeAcanthusAcanthus mollisAcanthus mollisWild1DicotsherbperennialStems to c. 120 cm high1.2FO NZ IV001Acanthus mollisAcanthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeAccaAcca sellowianaAcca sellowianaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialevergreen perennial shrub or small tree that typically matures to 10-15’ tall and as wide, but infrequently will rise to as much as 25’ tallNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesSapindaceaeAcerAcer buergerianumAcer buergerianumSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialsmall, rounded, deciduous tree that typically grows rather slowly to 20-30 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesSapindaceaeAcerAcer cappadocicumAcer cappadocicumSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial9 to 10.6 m10.6MO Bot Garden001Acer cappadocicumAcerCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesSapindaceaeAcerAcer negundoAcer negundoWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 17 m high17FO NZ IV001Acer negundoAcerFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesSapindaceaeAcerAcer palmatumAcer palmatumSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial1.2-8m8RHS UK001Acer palmatumAcerCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesSapindaceaeAcerAcer pseudoplatanusAcer pseudoplatanusWild1Dicotstreeperennialto 20 m high20FO NZ IV001Acer pseudoplatanusAcerFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesSapindaceaeAcerAcer rubrumAcer rubrumSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialmedium-sized, deciduous tree, typically grows 40-60 ft tallNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAchilleaAchillea filipendulinaAchillea filipendulinaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial3 to 4 feet1.2FO NZ IV001Achillea filipendulinaAchilleaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAchilleaAchillea millefoliumAchillea millefoliumWild0DicotsherbperennialStems to c. 80 cm tall0.8MO Bot Garden001Achillea millefoliumAchilleaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAchilleaAchillea nobilisAchillea nobilisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennials, (10–)15–60 cm (taprooted)0.6FO NA001Achillea nobilisAchilleaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAchilleaAchillea ptarmicaAchillea ptarmicaWild0DicotsherbperennialStems erect, up to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Achillea ptarmicaAchilleaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCalyceraceaeAcicarphaAcicarpha tribuloidesAcicarpha tribuloidesSometimes present0DicotsherbannualA lax, glabrous annual herb.NAFO NZ IV100Acicarpha tribuloidesAcicarphaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeAcinosAcinos arvensisAcinos arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialStems ascending to c. 20 cm0.2FO NZ IV111Acinos arvensisAcinosFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeAconitumAconitum napellusAconitum napellusSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial2 to 4 feet1.2MO Bot Garden001Aconitum napellusAconitumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeAconogononAconogonon campanulatumAconogonon campanulatumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Persicaria campanulata) 0.5-1 metres1RHS UK001Persicaria campanulataPersicariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeAconogononAconogonon molleAconogonon molleSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialErect, 2-3 m tall, softly tomentose, branched, perennial herb or undershrub3FO Pakistan001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAcoraceaeAcorusAcorus gramineusAcorus gramineusSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialsemi-evergreen, marginal aquatic perennial features a grass-like tuft of narrow, linear leaf blades (1/4 in wide) that fan outward to 6-12 inches tall0.3MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAcroptilonAcroptilon repensAcroptilon repensSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialstems erect to 70 cm tall0.7FO NZ IV001Acroptilon repensAcroptilonEradicated TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesActinidiaceaeActinidiaActinidia chinensisActinidia chinensisSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialClimbing shrubs, large, deciduousNAFO China001Fully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesActinidiaceaeActinidiaActinidia erianthaActinidia erianthaSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialClimbing shrubs, large, deciduousNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesActinidiaceaeActinidiaActinidia polygamaActinidia polygamaSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialClimbing shrubs, large, deciduousNAFO China001Actinidia polygamaActinidiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeAdenophoraAdenophora triphyllaAdenophora triphyllaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Adenophora tetraphylla) Stems up to 1.5 m tall, (Adenophora) Herbs, perennial1.5FO China001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPteridaceaeAdiantumAdiantum capillus-venerisAdiantum capillus-venerisWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAFO NZ IV001Adiantum capillus-venerisAdiantumFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPteridaceaeAdiantumAdiantum raddianumAdiantum raddianumWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAFO NZ IV001Adiantum raddianumAdiantumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeAegopodiumAegopodium podagrariaAegopodium podagrariaWild0DicotsherbperennialStems…up to 100 cm high1FO NZ IV001Aegopodium podagrariaAegopodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeAeoniumAeonium ×floribundumAeonium ×floribundumSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialsmall-leaved shrublet that freely spreads vegetatively and forms large mats (succulent); (as Aeonium ×tenense) Shrubby, 15 cm or more high0.15Sykes 2004; ICN001Aeonium x floribundumAeoniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeAeoniumAeonium ×velutinumAeonium ×velutinumWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems short and prostrateNAFO NZ IV001Aeonium x velutinumAeoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeAeoniumAeonium arboreumAeonium arboreumWild0Dicotsherbperennial20-c. 70 cm high0.7FO NZ IV001Aeonium arboreumAeoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeAeoniumAeonium canarienseAeonium canarienseSometimes present0Dicotsherb(as Aeonium canariense var. subplanum) evergreen succulent to 30cm tall forming cupped rosettes; (all 4 varieties) inflorescences 15-45(-60) cm, var canariense with peduncle 12-30cm0.6RHS UK; ICNNANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeAeoniumAeonium haworthiiAeonium haworthiiWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(succulent) shrub to c. 60 cm high0.6FO NZ IV001Aeonium haworthiiAeoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeAeoniumAeonium haworthii HybridsAeonium haworthii HybridsWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(succulent) Perennial or monocarpic, stems trunk-like, 20- c. 80 cm high0.8FO NZ IV001Aeonium haworthii hybridsAeoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeAeoniumAeonium undulatumAeonium undulatumWild0Dicotsherbannual or perennialto c. 1.5 m high, Described in flora as monocarpic or rarely perennial1.5FO NZ IV111Aeonium undulatumAeoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeAeoniumAeonium urbicumAeonium urbicumWild0Dicotsherbannual or perennialto c. 1 m high, Described in flora as monocarpic or rarely perennial1FO NZ IV111Aeonium urbicumAeoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesSapindaceaeAesculusAesculus hippocastanumAesculus hippocastanumWild0Dicotstreeperennial10-15-(c. 25) m tall25FO NZ IV001Aesculus hippocastanumAesculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesSapindaceaeAesculusAesculus indicaAesculus indicaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialMedium-sized deciduous tree; Tree, 20 m or more tall20Webb et al. 1995; FO Pakistan001Aesculus indicaAesculusCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPodocarpaceaeAfrocarpusAfrocarpus falcatusAfrocarpus falcatusSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees generally to 25 m tall but attaining 60 mNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAgapanthaceaeAgapanthusAgapanthus praecoxAgapanthus praecoxWild1Monocotsbulbperennial(as Agapanthus praecox subsp orientalis) Robust, evergreen, forming dense clumps to 60 cm highNAFO NZ III001Agapanthus praecox subsp. orientalisAgapanthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeAgastacheAgastache foeniculumAgastache foeniculumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial2 to 4 feet1.2MO Bot Garden001Agastache foeniculumAgastacheCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeAgaveAgave americanaAgave americanaWild1Monocotsshrubperennialwoody scape 7-10 m high; Very large perennial plant with rosette growth form, After 10 to 15 years vegetative growth it produces a large woody spike (scape) up to 10 m tall10FO NZ III; NZPCN001Agave americanaAgaveFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAgeratinaAgeratina adenophoraAgeratina adenophoraWild1Dicotsherbperennial1-3 m tall3FO NZ IV001Ageratina adenophoraAgeratinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAgeratinaAgeratina ripariaAgeratina ripariaWild1Dicotsherbperennial0.3-1-(2) m tall2FO NZ IV001Ageratina ripariaAgeratinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAgeratumAgeratum houstonianumAgeratum houstonianumWild1Dicotsherbannualup to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Ageratum houstonianumAgeratumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeAgonisAgonis flexuosaAgonis flexuosaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 10 m high10WA Flora001Agonis flexuosaAgonisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeAgrostemmaAgrostemma githagoAgrostemma githagoSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS100Agrostemma githagoAgrostemmaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAgrostisAgrostis capillarisAgrostis capillarisWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialto c. 100 cm1FO NZ V001Agrostis capillarisAgrostisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAgrostisAgrostis castellanaAgrostis castellanaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial30-90 cm0.9FO NZ V001Agrostis castellanaAgrostisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAgrostisAgrostis giganteaAgrostis giganteaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial60-120 cm1.2FO NZ V001Agrostis giganteaAgrostisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAgrostisAgrostis stoloniferaAgrostis stoloniferaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto c. 100 cm1FO NZ V001Agrostis stoloniferaAgrostisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesSimaroubaceaeAilanthusAilanthus altissimaAilanthus altissimaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 25 m high25FO NZ IV001Ailanthus altissimaAilanthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAiraAira caryophylleaAira caryophylleaWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualAnnual, graminoidNAFO NZ V; USDA PLANTS100Aira caryophylleaAiraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAiraAira cupanianaAira cupanianaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual0.1-0.4 m high0.4FO NZ V; WA Flora100Aira cupanianaAiraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAiraAira elegansAira elegansWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual5-25-(30) cm0.3FO NZ V100Aira elegansAiraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAiraAira praecoxAira praecoxWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual3-20-(25) cm0.25FO NZ V100Aira praecoxAiraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAjaniaAjania pacificaAjania pacificaSometimes presentCHR 5265920DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeAjugaAjuga reptansAjuga reptansWild1DicotsherbperennialFlowering stems to c. 25 cm tall0.25FO NZ IV001Ajuga reptansAjugaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesLardizabalaceaeAkebiaAkebia quinataAkebia quinataWild1DicotsvineperennialHigh climbing lianeNAFO NZ IV001Akebia quinataAkebiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAlbiziaAlbizia julibrissinAlbizia julibrissinWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to 6-8 m8Heenan et al. 2002001Albizia julibrissinAlbiziaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesLiliaceaeAlbucaAlbuca bracteataAlbuca bracteataWild0MonocotsherbperennialPlants tufted, bulbous, erect, to 1.5 m high1.5Vic Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeAlceaAlcea ficifoliaAlcea ficifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to 2-(3) m high3FO NZ IV001Alcea ficifoliaAlceaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeAlceaAlcea roseaAlcea roseaWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 2-(3) m high3FO NZ IV001Alcea roseaAlceaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeAlchemillaAlchemilla gracilisAlchemilla gracilisSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to 40 cm high0.4FO NZ IV001Alchemilla gracilisAlchemillaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeAlchemillaAlchemilla mollisAlchemilla mollisSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1 to 1.5 feet0.45MO Bot Garden001Alchemilla mollisAlchemillaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeAleuritesAleurites moluccanaAleurites moluccanaWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to 20 m high20FO NZ IV001Aleurites moluccanaAleuritesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAlismataceaeAlismaAlisma lanceolatumAlisma lanceolatumWild0Monocotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ III001Alisma lanceolatumAlismaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAlismataceaeAlismaAlisma plantago-aquaticaAlisma plantago-aquaticaWild0Monocotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ III001Alisma plantago-aquaticaAlismaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeAlliariaAlliaria petiolataAlliaria petiolataSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennial40-70 cm tall0.7FO NZ IV010Alliaria petiolataAlliariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeAlliumAllium ampeloprasumAllium ampeloprasumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial1 to 2.5 feet0.75MO Bot Garden001Allium ampeloprasumAlliumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeAlliumAllium cepaAllium cepaSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialBulb solitary or clustered, Leaves shorter than scape, Scape developed or not, if developed then to 1 m1FO China001Allium cepaAlliumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeAlliumAllium molyAllium molySometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialBulb, 0.75 to 1.50 ft0.4MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeAlliumAllium neapolitanumAllium neapolitanumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape 20-60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Allium neapolitanumAlliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeAlliumAllium porrumAllium porrumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial0.9 m0.9PFAF001Allium porrumAlliumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeAlliumAllium roseumAllium roseumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape 30-60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Allium roseumAlliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeAlliumAllium siculumAllium siculumSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialbulbous plant with narrow leaves 30-40 cm long, and forms an untidy clump at ground level. The leafless flowering stem is up to 120 cm tall1.2POWO001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeAlliumAllium triquetrumAllium triquetrumWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape 20-60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Allium triquetrumAlliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeAlliumAllium tuberosumAllium tuberosumSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialBulbs clustered, cylindric, Scape 25-60 cmNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeAlliumAllium vinealeAllium vinealeWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape 30-90 cm high0.9FO NZ III001Allium vinealeAlliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesCasuarinaceaeAllocasuarinaAllocasuarina littoralisAllocasuarina littoralisSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree 5-15 m high15USDA PLANTS001Allocasuarina littoralisAllocasuarinaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesCasuarinaceaeAllocasuarinaAllocasuarina verticillataAllocasuarina verticillataSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialWide-crowned tree with drooping branchlets; grows to 10 m. Nitrogen fixing. Suckers, especially when roots are disturbed. Dioecious.NANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesBetulaceaeAlnusAlnus glutinosaAlnus glutinosaWild1Dicotstreeperennialto c. 15 m high (to c. 20 m in cultivation)20FO NZ IV001Alnus glutinosaAlnusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesBetulaceaeAlnusAlnus viridisAlnus viridisWild1Dicotsshrubperennial0.75-2 m high2FO NZ IV001Alnus viridisAlnusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeAlocasiaAlocasia brisbanensisAlocasia brisbanensisWild1Monocotsherbperennialerect to decumbent herb 1–1.8 m high1.8NSW Flora001Alocasia brisbanensisAlocasiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeAloeAloe arborescensAloe arborescensWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial2-3m high3PlantzAfrica001Aloe arborescensAloeCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeAloeAloe aristataAloe aristataSometimes present0Monocotsperennialevergreen perennial to 20cm forming rosettes of fleshy lance-shaped leavesNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeAloeAloe brevifoliaAloe brevifoliaSometimes present0Monocotsperennialsucculent perennial forming a mat of rosettesNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeAloeAloe ciliarisAloe ciliarisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialclimberNAPOWO001Aloe ciliarisAloeCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeAloeAloe maculataAloe maculataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Aloe saponaria) Plant acaulescent, densely caespitose, or a caulescent basal rosette. Leaves 12-20 in a dense rosette, 15-30 × 5-12 cm, (Aloe) succulent perennials0.3FO NZ III001Aloe maculataAloeFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeAlonsoaAlonsoa meridionalisAlonsoa meridionalisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHierbas perennes y erectas, 60–100 (–180) cm de alto1.8TROPICOS001Alonsoa meridionalisAlonsoaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAlopecurusAlopecurus aequalisAlopecurus aequalisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual or short-lived perennialCulm 15-25-(35) cm0.35FO NZ V111Alopecurus aequalisAlopecurusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAlopecurusAlopecurus geniculatusAlopecurus geniculatusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 12-20-(30) cm0.3FO NZ V001Alopecurus geniculatusAlopecurusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAlopecurusAlopecurus myosuroidesAlopecurus myosuroidesSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseannualAnnual, graminoidNAFO NZ V; USDA PLANTS100Alopecurus myosuroidesAlopecurusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAlopecurusAlopecurus pratensisAlopecurus pratensisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 30-100 cm1FO NZ V001Alopecurus pratensisAlopecurusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesAlstroemeriaceaeAlstroemeriaAlstroemeria aureaAlstroemeria aureaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 1 m high1FO NZ III001Alstroemeria aureaAlstroemeriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesAlstroemeriaceaeAlstroemeriaAlstroemeria pulchellaAlstroemeria pulchellaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialflowering stem to 60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Alstroemeria pulchellaAlstroemeriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAlternantheraAlternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidesWild1Dicotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ IV001Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternantheraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAlternantheraAlternanthera pungensAlternanthera pungensSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ IV001Alternanthera pungensAlternantheraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeAlthaeaAlthaea officinalisAlthaea officinalisSometimes presentwild at Fox River - https://inaturalist.nz/observations/24265187 voucher in UNITEC0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeAlyssumAlyssum alyssoidesAlyssum alyssoidesWild0Dicotsherbannual(5)-10-18-(45) cm tall0.45FO NZ IV100Alyssum alyssoidesAlyssumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeAlyssumAlyssum saxatileAlyssum saxatileWild0Dicotsherbperennial15-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Alyssum saxatileAlyssumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeAlyxiaAlyxia ruscifoliaAlyxia ruscifoliaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialErect shrub to 2.5 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAmaranthusAmaranthus albusAmaranthus albusWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV100Amaranthus albusAmaranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAmaranthusAmaranthus blitumAmaranthus blitumWildAmaranthus blitum subsp. Oleraceus (Costea, M.; Sanders, A.; Waines, G. 2001: Notes on some little known Amaranthus taxa (Amaranthaceae) in the United States. Sida 19(4): 975-992.); A. blitum sensu New Zealand botanists (nom illegit) was misapplication for A. albus (14May2020)0Dicotsherbannual(as A. lividus) Glabrous or occasionally slightly hairy annual herb of spreading habit, stems procumbentNAFO NZ IV100Amaranthus lividusAmaranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAmaranthusAmaranthus caudatusAmaranthus caudatusWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV100Amaranthus caudatusAmaranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAmaranthusAmaranthus cruentusAmaranthus cruentusWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV100Amaranthus cruentusAmaranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAmaranthusAmaranthus deflexusAmaranthus deflexusWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialprostrateNAFO NZ IV111Amaranthus deflexusAmaranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAmaranthusAmaranthus graecizansAmaranthus graecizansWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 80 cm high0.8FO NZ IV100Amaranthus graecizansAmaranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAmaranthusAmaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV100Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAmaranthusAmaranthus powelliiAmaranthus powelliiWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 80 cm high0.8FO NZ IV100Amaranthus powelliiAmaranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAmaranthusAmaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexusWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV100Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAmaranthusAmaranthus spinosusAmaranthus spinosusWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV100Amaranthus spinosusAmaranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAmaranthusAmaranthus viridisAmaranthus viridisWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 40 cm high0.4FO NZ IV100Amaranthus viridisAmaranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeAmaryllisAmaryllis belladonnaAmaryllis belladonnaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape 40-70 cm high0.7FO NZ III001Amaryllis belladonnaAmaryllisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAmbrosiaAmbrosia artemisiifoliaAmbrosia artemisiifoliaWild0Dicotsherbannual30-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV100Ambrosia artemisiifoliaAmbrosiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAmbrosiaAmbrosia tenuifoliaAmbrosia tenuifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Ambrosia tenuifoliaAmbrosiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeAmelanchierAmelanchier lamarckiiAmelanchier lamarckiiSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 8 m high8FO NZ IV001Amelanchier lamarckiiAmelanchierCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAmelichloaAmelichloa caudataAmelichloa caudataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Achnatherum caudatum) Inflorescence to 30 cm0.3FO NZ V001Achnatherum caudatumAchnatherumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeAmmiAmmi majusAmmi majusWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 150 cm high1.5FO NZ IV100Ammi majusAmmiFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAmmobiumAmmobium alatumAmmobium alatumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialc. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Ammobium alatumAmmobiumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAmmophilaAmmophila arenariaAmmophila arenariaWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 170 cm1.7FO NZ V001Ammophila arenariaAmmophilaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAmpelodesmosAmpelodesmos mauritanicusAmpelodesmos mauritanicusSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialRobust tussock to 1 m tall with drooping leaves; erect culms to 2 m or more, with drooping panicle branchlets; Perennial graminoid2NZPCN; USDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeAmsinckiaAmsinckia calycinaAmsinckia calycinaWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 1 m high1FO NZ IV100Amsinckia calycinaAmsinckiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAndropogonAndropogon virginicusAndropogon virginicusWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial50-70 cm0.7FO NZ V001Andropogon virginicusAndropogonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeAnemoneAnemone ×hybridaAnemone ×hybridaWild0Dicotsherbperennial50-150 cm tall1.5FO NZ IV001Anemone x hybridaAnemoneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeAnemoneAnemone coronariaAnemone coronariaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial0.75 to 1.5 feet0.45MO Bot Garden001Anemone coronariaAnemoneCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeAnemoneAnemone nemorosaAnemone nemorosaWild0Dicotsherbperennial15-30 cm0.3FO NZ IV001Anemone nemorosaAnemoneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeAnethumAnethum graveolensAnethum graveolensWild0Dicotsherbannual3 to 5 feet1.5MO Bot Garden100Anethum graveolensAnethumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeAngelicaAngelica pachycarpaAngelica pachycarpaWild1Dicotsherbbiennial or short-lived perennialup to 60-100 cm high1FO NZ IV011Angelica pachycarpaAngelicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeAngophoraAngophora costataAngophora costataSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialbetween 15 and 25 m25ANBG001Angophora costataAngophoraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCommelinalesHaemodoraceaeAnigozanthosAnigozanthos flavidusAnigozanthos flavidusSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialRhizomatous, perennial, herb, 0.5-3 m high3WA Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeAnisodonteaAnisodontea capensisAnisodontea capensisSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialperennial-Shrub- Ht 0.76 - 1.21 m1.21CJB Africa001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMagnolialesAnnonaceaeAnnonaAnnona cherimolaAnnona cherimolaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 4 m high4FO NZ IV001Annona cherimolaAnnonaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesBasellaceaeAnrederaAnredera cordifoliaAnredera cordifoliaWild1DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Anredera cordifoliaAnrederaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAnthemisAnthemis arvensisAnthemis arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual10-20-(40) cm long0.4FO NZ IV100Anthemis arvensisAnthemisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAnthemisAnthemis cotulaAnthemis cotulaWild0Dicotsherbannual(5)-30-40-(60) cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Anthemis cotulaAnthemisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAnthemisAnthemis punctataAnthemis punctataSometimes present0Dicotsperennial(A. punctata subsp. cupaniana) to 30 cm in heightNAWebb et al. 1995001Anthemis punctata subsp. cupanianaAnthemisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAnthemisAnthemis tinctoriaAnthemis tinctoriaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 60-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV001Anthemis tinctoriaAnthemisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAnthosachneAnthosachne scabraAnthosachne scabraWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Elymus scaber) Culm to 1.5 m1.5FO NZ V001Elymus scaberElymusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAnthoxanthumAnthoxanthum aristatumAnthoxanthum aristatumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual9-20 cm0.2FO NZ V100Anthoxanthum aristatumAnthoxanthumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAnthoxanthumAnthoxanthum odoratumAnthoxanthum odoratumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial12-50-(90) cm0.9FO NZ V001Anthoxanthum odoratumAnthoxanthumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeAnthriscusAnthriscus caucalisAnthriscus caucalisWild0Dicotsherbannual15-70 cm high0.7FO NZ IV100Anthriscus caucalisAnthriscusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeAnthriscusAnthriscus sylvestrisAnthriscus sylvestrisWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialPlants 0.6–1.5 m high; annual/biennial forb/herb1.5FO China; USDA PLANTS110 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeAnthyllisAnthyllis vulnerariaAnthyllis vulnerariaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Anthyllis vulnerariaAnthyllisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeAntirrhinumAntirrhinum majusAntirrhinum majusWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems to c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Antirrhinum majusAntirrhinumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeAphanesAphanes arvensisAphanes arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual20-60-(250) mm high0.25FO NZ IV100Aphanes arvensisAphanesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeAphanesAphanes australianaAphanes australianaWild0Dicotsherbannual8-20-(30) mm high0.03FO NZ IV100Aphanes australianaAphanesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeAphanesAphanes australisAphanes australisWildFlora of North America Editorial Committee 2014: Magnoliophyta: Picramniaceae to Rosaceae.9 ed. Flora of North America713 p.0Dicotsherbannual(as A. inexspectata) herb, 15-80-(200) mm high, (Aphanes) annual herbs0.2FO NZ IV100Aphanes inexspectataAphanesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesAphanopetalaceaeAphanopetalumAphanopetalum resinosumAphanopetalum resinosumSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialclimberNAANBG001Aphanopetalum resinosumAphanopetalumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeApiumApium graveolensApium graveolensWild0Dicotsherbbiennialup to 80-(100) cm high1FO NZ IV010Apium graveolensApiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAponogetonaceaeAponogetonAponogeton distachyosAponogeton distachyosWild0Monocotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ III001Aponogeton distachyusAponogetonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeAquilegiaAquilegia vulgarisAquilegia vulgarisWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Aquilegia vulgarisAquilegiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeArabidopsisArabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianaWild0Dicotsherbannual5-20-(40) cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeArabisArabis hirsutaArabis hirsutaSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennial or perennialbiennial or perennial herbNABritFlora011 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeArachisArachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial that is raised as an annualherbaceous perennial that is raised as an annual, typically grows in a single season to 10-20 inches tall and as wide0.5MO Bot Garden111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeAraliaAralia californicaAralia californicaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Aralia californicaAraliaCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesAraucariaceaeAraucariaAraucaria araucanaAraucaria araucanaSometimes presentCHR 656030 - propagation through suckering0GymnospermsNANANANA TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesAraucariaceaeAraucariaAraucaria bidwilliiAraucaria bidwilliiSometimes present0Gymnospermstreeperennialover 20 m in cultivation20Webb et al. 1995001Araucaria bidwilliiAraucariaCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesAraucariaceaeAraucariaAraucaria cunninghamiiAraucaria cunninghamiiSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialMonoecious trees to 66 m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesAraucariaceaeAraucariaAraucaria heterophyllaAraucaria heterophyllaWild0GymnospermstreeperennialLarge tree; monoecious trees to 57 m tall (in the past to 70 m)57FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Araucaria heterophyllaAraucariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeAraujiaAraujia hortorumAraujia hortorumWild1Dicotsherbperennial(as Araujia sericifera) vigorous lianeNAFO NZ IV001Araujia sericiferaAraujiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeArbutusArbutus unedoArbutus unedoWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 10 m in cultivation10FO NZ IV001Arbutus unedoArbutusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaArecalesPalmaeArchontophoenixArchontophoenix cunninghamianaArchontophoenix cunninghamianaWild0Monocotstreeperennial20-25 m high25NSW Flora001Archontophoenix cunninghamianaArchontophoenixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArctiumArctium lappaArctium lappaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial1-1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV010Arctium lappaArctiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArctiumArctium minusArctium minusWild1Dicotsherbbiennial1-1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV010Arctium minusArctiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArctothecaArctotheca calendulaArctotheca calendulaWild1DicotsherbannualAnnual rosette herb. Stems sprawling, ascending, up to 30 cm long0.3FO NZ IV100Arctotheca calendulaArctothecaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArctotisArctotis ×hybridaArctotis ×hybridaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialherbaceous perennial…height: 1-1.5 ft0.4MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArctotisArctotis stoechadifoliaArctotis stoechadifoliaWild0DicotsherbperennialStems trailing or decumbentNAFO NZ IV001Arctotis stoechadifoliaArctotisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaeArdisiaArdisia crenataArdisia crenataSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs 1-1.5(-3) m tall3FO China001Ardisia crenataArdisiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeArenariaArenaria serpyllifoliaArenaria serpyllifoliaWild0Dicotsherbannual2-15-(30) cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Arenaria serpyllifoliaArenariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeArgemoneArgemone ochroleucaArgemone ochroleucaWild0Dicotsherbannual20-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Argemone ochroleucaArgemoneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArgyranthemumArgyranthemum frutescensArgyranthemum frutescensWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Argyranthemum frutescensArgyranthemumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeArisaemaArisaema taiwanenseArisaema taiwanenseSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialTuber depressed globose, 2-6 cm in diamNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeArisarumArisarum proboscideumArisarum proboscideumSometimes present0Monocotsherbperennialsmall tuberous-rooted woodland perennial, height 0.25 to 0.50 ft0.2MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeArisarumArisarum vulgareArisarum vulgareSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeAristeaAristea eckloniiAristea eckloniiWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialScapes to 45 cm high0.45FO NZ III001Aristea eckloniiAristeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAristidaAristida longespicaAristida longespicaSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseannualAnnual, GraminoidNAUSDA PLANTS100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAristidaAristida ramosaAristida ramosaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialtufts about 50 cm0.5FO NZ V001Aristida ramosaAristidaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAristidaAristida vagansAristida vagansWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialtufts 30-50 cm0.5FO NZ V001Aristida vagansAristidaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPiperalesAristolochiaceaeAristolochiaAristolochia littoralisAristolochia littoralisSometimes present0Dicotsvineperennialtropical twining evergreen vine, height: 8-20 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPiperalesAristolochiaceaeAristolochiaAristolochia sempervirensAristolochia sempervirensSometimes present0Dicotsvineperennialevergreen woody climber, may reach 5m in heightNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPlumbaginaceaeArmeriaArmeria alliaceaArmeria alliaceaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennes, cespitosas, con base lignificada más o menos engrosada, Escapos de hasta 75 cm0.75Flora Vascular001Armeria alliaceaArmeriaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPlumbaginaceaeArmeriaArmeria maritimaArmeria maritimaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialInfl. Scape up to 20 cm long0.2FO NZ IV001Armeria maritimaArmeriaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeArmoraciaArmoracia rusticanaArmoracia rusticanaWild0Dicotsherbperennial2 to 2.5 feet0.75MO Bot Garden001Armoracia rusticanaArmoraciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeArrhenatherumArrhenatherum elatiusArrhenatherum elatiusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(40)-60-150 cm1.5FO NZ V001Arrhenatherum elatiusArrhenatherumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArtemisiaArtemisia absinthiumArtemisia absinthiumWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 1 m long1FO NZ IV001Artemisia absinthiumArtemisiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArtemisiaArtemisia annuaArtemisia annuaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualup to 1m high (2 m in cultivation)2POWO100Artemisia annuaArtemisiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArtemisiaArtemisia arborescensArtemisia arborescensWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 3 m tall3FO NZ IV001Artemisia arborescensArtemisiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArtemisiaArtemisia dracunculusArtemisia dracunculusSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 1 m tall1Webb et al. 1995001Artemisia dracunculusArtemisiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArtemisiaArtemisia verlotiorumArtemisia verlotiorumWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 2-(3) m tall3FO NZ IV001Artemisia verlotiorumArtemisiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeArtemisiaArtemisia vulgarisArtemisia vulgarisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 2-4 ft1.2MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeArumArum italicumArum italicumWild1Monocotsherbperennial25-60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Arum italicumArumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeArumArum palaestinumArum palaestinumSometimes present0Monocotsherbperennial(as Arum palestinum) Perennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Arum palaestinumArumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeArundoArundo donaxArundo donaxWild1Monocotsherbperennialto 5 m5FO NZ V001Arundo donaxArundoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeAsclepiasAsclepias curassavicaAsclepias curassavicaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPlants to 1 m tall; Perennial forb/herb1FO China; USDA PLANTS001Asclepias curassavicaAsclepiasCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeAsparagusAsparagus aethiopicusAsparagus aethiopicusWild0Monocotsherbperennialperennial-Climber- Ht 3 m; Perennial forb/herb, shrub, subshrubNACJB Africa; USDA PLANTS001Asparagus aethiopicusAsparagusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeAsparagusAsparagus asparagoidesAsparagus asparagoidesWild1Monocotsvineperennialscrambling or twining perennialNAFO NZ III001Asparagus asparagoidesAsparagusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeAsparagusAsparagus falcatusAsparagus falcatusSometimes present0Monocotsshrubperennialevergreen climbing shrub, up to 7 m high7PlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeAsparagusAsparagus officinalisAsparagus officinalisWild0MonocotsherbperennialStems 60-120 cm high1.2FO NZ III001Asparagus officinalisAsparagusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeAsparagusAsparagus plumosusAsparagus plumosusWild1MonocotsherbperennialStems to 2 m long2FO NZ III001Asparagus setaceusAsparagusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeAsparagusAsparagus retrofractusAsparagus retrofractusSometimes present0Monocotsherbperennial6 to 8 feet2.4MO Bot Garden001Asparagus retrofractusAsparagusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeAsparagusAsparagus scandensAsparagus scandensWild1MonocotsherbperennialStems to 2 m long2FO NZ III001Asparagus scandensAsparagusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeAsperulaAsperula orientalisAsperula orientalisSometimes present0DicotsherbannualHerbs, annual, Stems few or solitary, to 30(-40) cm tall0.4FO China100Asperula orientalisAsperulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeAsphodelineAsphodeline luteaAsphodeline luteaSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, height: 3-4 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeAsphodelusAsphodelus fistulosusAsphodelus fistulosusWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape 20-60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Asphodelus fistulosusAsphodelusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeAspidistraAspidistra elatiorAspidistra elatiorSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, height: 2-3 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesAspleniaceaeAspleniumAsplenium ×lucrosumAsplenium ×lucrosumSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennial(cross between A. bulbiferum and A. dimorphum)NAHeenan et al. 2008001Asplenium x lucrosumAspleniumCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesAspleniaceaeAspleniumAsplenium aethiopicumAsplenium aethiopicumWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Asplenium aethiopicumAspleniumCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesAspleniaceaeAspleniumAsplenium scolopendriumAsplenium scolopendriumWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAFO NZ IV001Phyllitis scolopendriumPhyllitisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeAstarteaAstartea fascicularisAstartea fascicularisSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial1 m1ANBG001Astartea fasicularisAstarteaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeAsterAster amellusAster amellusSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to 70 cm tall0.7FO NZ IV001Aster amellusAsterCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesSaxifragaceaeAstilbeAstilbe rivularisAstilbe rivularisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbs 0.6-2.5 m tall, (Astilbe) herbs perennialNAFO China001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesAthyriaceaeAthyriumAthyrium filix-feminaAthyrium filix-feminaWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAFO NZ IV001Athyrium filix-feminaAthyriumFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesAthyriaceaeAthyriumAthyrium otophorumAthyrium otophorumSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialshort, erect rhizome giving rise to fronds up to 550 mm long, yellow-brown stipes up to 220 mm longNAeFloraNZ001Athyrium otophorumAthyriumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAtriplexAtriplex halimusAtriplex halimusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 2 m high2Heenan et al. 1999001Atriplex halimusAtriplexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAtriplexAtriplex hortensisAtriplex hortensisWild0DicotsherbannualStems to 2.5 m2.5FO NZ IV100Atriplex hortensisAtriplexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAtriplexAtriplex patulaAtriplex patulaWild0Dicotsherbannualprostrate or widespreading to sub erectNAFO NZ IV100Atriplex patulaAtriplexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAtriplexAtriplex prostrataAtriplex prostrataWild0Dicotsherbannualprostrate, spreading to sub erectNAFO NZ IV100Atriplex prostrataAtriplexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeAtriplexAtriplex roseaAtriplex roseaWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 1 m1FO NZ IV100Atriplex roseaAtriplexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeAtropaAtropa bella-donnaAtropa bella-donnaWild0Dicotsherbperennial1-1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV001Atropa bella-donnaAtropaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGarryalesGarryaceaeAucubaAucuba japonicaAucuba japonicaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs 1–3 m tall3FO China001Aucuba japonicaAucubaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustralopyrumAustralopyrum pectinatumAustralopyrum pectinatumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 35 cm0.35FO NZ V001Australopyrum pectinatumAustralopyrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustralopyrumAustralopyrum retrofractumAustralopyrum retrofractumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 10-25 cm0.25FO NZ V001Australopyrum retrofractumAustralopyrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCactaceaeAustrocylindropuntiaAustrocylindropuntia subulataAustrocylindropuntia subulataSometimes present0DicotsperennialBranching shrub to 3 m tall (can reach heights up to 4 m)4BCC Weeds001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustrostipaAustrostipa bigeniculataAustrostipa bigeniculataWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 60 cm0.6FO NZ V001Austrostipa bigeniculataAustrostipaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustrostipaAustrostipa blackiiAustrostipa blackiiWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 2 m2FO NZ V001Austrostipa blackiiAustrostipaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustrostipaAustrostipa curticomaAustrostipa curticomaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialTufted perennial, culms erect, to 1.2 m highNAVic Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustrostipaAustrostipa flavescensAustrostipa flavescensWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 50 cm0.5FO NZ V001Austrostipa flavescensAustrostipaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustrostipaAustrostipa nitidaAustrostipa nitidaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 60 cm0.6FO NZ V001Austrostipa nitidaAustrostipaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustrostipaAustrostipa nodosaAustrostipa nodosaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 40 cm0.4FO NZ V001Austrostipa nodosaAustrostipaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustrostipaAustrostipa ramosissimaAustrostipa ramosissimaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCaespitose perennial to c. 2.5 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustrostipaAustrostipa rudisAustrostipa rudisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 1 m1FO NZ V001Austrostipa rudisAustrostipaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustrostipaAustrostipa scabraAustrostipa scabraWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 50 cm0.5FO NZ V001Austrostipa scabraAustrostipaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustrostipaAustrostipa stuposaAustrostipa stuposaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 1 m1FO NZ V001Austrostipa stuposaAustrostipaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAustrostipaAustrostipa verticillataAustrostipa verticillataWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 2 m2FO NZ V001Austrostipa verticillataAustrostipaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAvenaAvena barbataAvena barbataWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulms 30-100 cm long1GrassBase100Avena barbataAvenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAvenaAvena byzantinaAvena byzantinaSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulms 60-150 cm long1.5GrassBase100Avena byzantinaAvenaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAvenaAvena fatuaAvena fatuaWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulms 30-150 cm long1.5GrassBase100Avena fatuaAvenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAvenaAvena sativaAvena sativaWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulms 40-180 cm long1.8GrassBase100Avena sativaAvenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAvenaAvena sterilisAvena sterilisWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulms 30-180 cm long1.8GrassBase100Avena sterillisAvenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAvenaAvena strigosaAvena strigosaWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulms 60-120 cm long1.2GrassBase100Avena strigosaAvenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAxonopusAxonopus compressusAxonopus compressusSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial, GraminoidNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeAxonopusAxonopus fissifoliusAxonopus fissifoliusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm (6)-20-55 cm0.55FO NZ V001Axonopus fissifoliusAxonopusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeAzaraAzara microphyllaAzara microphyllaWild0DicotstreeperennialSmall tree or sometimes a large shrubNAFO NZ IV001Azara microphyllaAzaraFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaSalvinialesSalviniaceaeAzollaAzolla pinnataAzolla pinnataWild1FernsAndAlliesfernperennialaquatic fernNAFO NZ IV001Azolla pinnataAzollaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeBabianaBabiana angustifoliaBabiana angustifoliaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial0.15-0.35 m high0.35WA Flora001Babiana angustifoliaBabianaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeBaccharisBaccharis halimifoliaBaccharis halimifoliaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to c. 4 m tall4FO NZ IV001Baccharis halimifoliaBaccharisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeBallotaBallota nigraBallota nigraWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Ballota nigraBallotaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeBaloghiaBaloghia inophyllaBaloghia inophyllaWild0DicotstreeperennialGlabrous monoecious tree; Shrub or tree to 7 m or more tall7FO NZ IV; FO Australia001Baloghia inophyllaBaloghiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBambusaBambusa multiplexBambusa multiplexWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms3-5 m5FO NZ V001Bambusa multiplexBambusaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBambusaBambusa oldhamiiBambusa oldhamiiWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm usually 10-13 m (often taller in cultivation)13FO NZ V001Bambusa oldhamiiBambusaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeBanksiaBanksia aemulaBanksia aemulaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 8 m tall8FO Australia001Banksia aemulaBanksiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeBanksiaBanksia baxteriBanksia baxteriSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialNon-lignotuberous shrub, 1.7-4 m highNAWA Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeBanksiaBanksia ericifoliaBanksia ericifoliaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialTall bushy shrub or small tree to 6 m high; shrub to 6 m tall6NSW Flora; FO Australia001Banksia ericifoliaBanksiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeBanksiaBanksia integrifoliaBanksia integrifoliaWild1DicotstreeperennialLarge shrub or small tree to about 10 m high; Tree 5–25 m high; tree to c. 10 m high10NZPCN; NSW Flora; Webb et al. 1995001Banksia integrifoliaBanksiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeBanksiaBanksia prionotesBanksia prionotesSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialNon-lignotuberous tree or shrub, to 10 m highNAWA Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeBanksiaBanksia serrataBanksia serrataSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 16 m16FO Australia001Banksia serrataBanksiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBarbareaBarbarea intermediaBarbarea intermediaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial(20)-30-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV010Barbarea intermediaBarbareaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBarbareaBarbarea strictaBarbarea strictaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial50-80-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV010Barbarea strictaBarbareaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBarbareaBarbarea vernaBarbarea vernaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial to perennial(20)-40-60-(90) cm tall0.6FO NZ IV011Barbarea vernaBarbareaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBarbareaBarbarea vulgarisBarbarea vulgarisWild0Dicotsherbbiennial, sometimes short-lived perennial30-60-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV011Barbarea vulgarisBarbareaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeBartlettinaBartlettina sordidaBartlettina sordidaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to c. 2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Bartlettina sordidaBartlettinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeBassiaBassia scopariaBassia scopariaWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Kochia scoparia) to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Kochia scopariaKochiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesBegoniaceaeBegoniaBegonia ×Semperflorens-Cultorum hybridsBegonia ×Semperflorens-Cultorum hybridsWild0Dicotsherbperennial grown as annualFibrous-rooted, bushy herbs to c. 30 cm high; Semperflorens Cultorum Group are fibrous-rooted, tender perennials grown as annuals, 0.1-0.5m height0.5FO NZ IV; RHS UK111Begonia Semperflorens-Cultorum hybridsBegoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesBegoniaceaeBegoniaBegonia coccineaBegonia coccineaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Begonia coccineaBegoniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesBegoniaceaeBegoniaBegonia foliosaBegonia foliosaSometimes present0Dicotsperennial(B. foliosa var miniata) Erect sub-shrub with slender stems to 50 cm; Perennial, Shrub/SubshrubNANZPCN; USDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesBegoniaceaeBegoniaBegonia grandisBegonia grandisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 1.5-2 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOrobanchaceaeBellardiaBellardia viscosaBellardia viscosaWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Parentucellia viscosa) to c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Parentucellia viscosaParentucelliaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeBellisBellis perennisBellis perennisWild0DicotsherbperennialRosette; Peduncle 3-15-(25) cm long0.25FO NZ IV001Bellis perennisBellisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBerberidopsidalesBerberidopsidaceaeBerberidopsisBerberidopsis corallinaBerberidopsis corallinaSometimes present0Dicotsvineperennialevergreen Climber growing to 5 m5PFAF001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis ×stenophyllaBerberis ×stenophyllaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialmounding, spiny-stemmed, suckering, hybrid broadleaf evergreen shrub (B. darwinii x B. empetrifolia) that typically matures to 8-10 ft tallNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis aquifoliumBerberis aquifoliumWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Mahonia aquifolium) 0.5-1-(2) m high2FO NZ IV001Mahonia aquifoliumMahoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis aristataBerberis aristataSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrub, 3-4 m tallNAFO Pakistan001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis bealeiBerberis bealeiSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Mahonia bealei) Shrubs or small trees, 0.5-4(-8) m tall8FO China001Mahonia bealeiMahoniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis congestifloraBerberis congestifloraSometimes present0DicotsNAPOWONANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis darwiniiBerberis darwiniiWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 4 m high4FO NZ IV001Berberis darwiniiBerberisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis glaucocarpaBerberis glaucocarpaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 7 m high7FO NZ IV001Berberis glaucocarpaBerberisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis japonicaBerberis japonicaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Mahonia japonica) to c. 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Mahonia japonicaMahoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis oiwakensisBerberis oiwakensisSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Mahonia lomariifolia) 1.8m to 4m4RNZIH001Mahonia lomariifoliaMahoniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis soulieanaBerberis soulieanaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Berberis soulieanaBerberisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis vulgarisBerberis vulgarisWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Berberis vulgarisBerberisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeBerberisBerberis wilsoniaeBerberis wilsoniaeWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Berberis wilsonaeBerberisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesSaxifragaceaeBergeniaBergenia crassifoliaBergenia crassifoliaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 1-1.5 ft0.4MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeBetaBeta vulgarisBeta vulgarisWild0Dicotsherbannual, biennial or short-lived perennialFlowering stems 30-100 cm high1FO NZ IV111Beta vulgarisBetaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesBetulaceaeBetulaBetula papyriferaBetula papyriferaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialPerennial, TreeNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesBetulaceaeBetulaBetula pendulaBetula pendulaWild1Dicotstreeperennialto c. 25 m high25FO NZ IV001Betula pendulaBetulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeBidensBidens ferulifoliaBidens ferulifoliaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial, Forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeBidensBidens frondosaBidens frondosaWild1Dicotsherbannual20-200 cm tall2FO NZ IV100Bidens frondosaBidensFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeBidensBidens pilosaBidens pilosaWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennial10-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV111Bidens pilosaBidensFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeBidensBidens tripartitaBidens tripartitaWild0Dicotsherbannual10-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV100Bidens tripartitaBidensFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesBromeliaceaeBillbergiaBillbergia distachiaBillbergia distachiaSometimes present0MonocotsherbNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeBistortaBistorta vaccinifoliaBistorta vaccinifoliaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialProstrate, 25-40 cm long, branched from base, glabrous, perennial rhizomatous herb. Stems many, branched, woody, Trailing stoloniferous, glabrousNAFO Pakistan001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesGentianaceaeBlackstoniaBlackstonia perfoliataBlackstonia perfoliataWild0Dicotsherbannual5-55 cm tall0.55FO NZ IV100Blackstonia perfoliataBlackstoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesBlechnaceaeBlechnumBlechnum patersoniiBlechnum patersoniiSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialFronds erect to pendent, dimorphic, simple or deeply lobed (often mixed on the same plant), mostly 20–50 cm highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesBlechnaceaeBlechnumBlechnum punctulatumBlechnum punctulatumSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAHeenan et al. 2008001Blechnum nudumBlechnumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeBlitumBlitum bonus-henricusBlitum bonus-henricusWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Chenopodium bonus-henricus) to c. 40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV001Chenopodium bonus-henricusChenopodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeBlitumBlitum capitatumBlitum capitatumWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Chenopodium capitatum) 20-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Chenopodium capitatumChenopodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeBocconiaBocconia frutescensBocconia frutescensSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialSmall tree or shrub, or subherbaceous when youngNATROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesAlstroemeriaceaeBomareaBomarea multifloraBomarea multifloraWild0Monocotsvineperennialscrambling, perennial vineNAeFloraNZ001Bomarea multifloraBomareaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLinderniaceaeBonnayaBonnaya ciliataBonnaya ciliataSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual(as Lindernia ciliata) Annuals, to 20 cm tall0.2FO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeBoragoBorago officinalisBorago officinalisWild0Dicotsherbannual, sometimes biennialAnnual, sometimes biennial herbNAFO NZ IV111Borago officinalisBoragoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBothriochloaBothriochloa bladhiiBothriochloa bladhiiWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 1 m1FO NZ V001Bothriochloa bladhiiBothriochloaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBothriochloaBothriochloa macraBothriochloa macraWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm (15)-20-60-(80) cm0.8FO NZ V001Bothriochloa macraBothriochloaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesNyctaginaceaeBougainvilleaBougainvillea glabraBougainvillea glabraWild0DicotsshrubperennialWoody vineNAFO NZ IV001Bougainvillia glabraBougainvilliaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBoutelouaBouteloua gracilisBouteloua gracilisSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial, GraminoidNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeBowlesiaBowlesia tropaeolifoliaBowlesia tropaeolifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to 40 cm high0.4FO NZ IV001Bowlesia tropaeolifoliaBowlesiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBrachypodiumBrachypodium distachyonBrachypodium distachyonSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseannual20-28 cm0.28FO NZ V100Brachypodium distachyonBrachypodiumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBrachypodiumBrachypodium pinnatumBrachypodium pinnatumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial30-65 cm0.65FO NZ V001Brachypodium pinnatumBrachypodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBrachypodiumBrachypodium sylvaticumBrachypodium sylvaticumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial45-90 cm0.9FO NZ V001Brachypodium sylvaticumBrachypodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeBrachyscomeBrachyscome iberidifoliaBrachyscome iberidifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual0.05-0.45 m high0.45WA Flora100Brachyscome iberidifoliaBrachyscomeCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeBrachyscomeBrachyscome perpusillaBrachyscome perpusillaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual herb, 3–23 cm high0.23NSW Flora100Brachyscome perpusillaBrachyscomeCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBrassicaBrassica fruticulosaBrassica fruticulosaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial to perennialto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV011Brassica fruticulosaBrassicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBrassicaBrassica junceaBrassica junceaWild0Dicotsherbannualto 1-(2) m tall2FO NZ IV100Brassica junceaBrassicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBrassicaBrassica napusBrassica napusWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialto 1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV110Brassica napusBrassicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBrassicaBrassica nigraBrassica nigraWild0Dicotsherbannual0.6-1-(2) m tall2FO NZ IV100Brassica nigraBrassicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBrassicaBrassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial to perennial1-2-(3) m tall3FO NZ IV011Brassica oleraceaBrassicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBrassicaBrassica oxyrrhinaBrassica oxyrrhinaWild0Dicotsherbannualto 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Brassica oxyrrhinaBrassicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBrassicaBrassica rapaBrassica rapaWild0Dicotsherbannualto 1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV100Brassica rapaBrassicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeBrassicaBrassica tournefortiiBrassica tournefortiiWild0Dicotsherbannualto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Brassica tournefortiiBrassicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBrizaBriza maximaBriza maximaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual(18)-25-65-(90) cm0.9FO NZ V100Briza maximaBrizaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBrizaBriza mediaBriza mediaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial30-55 cm0.55FO NZ V001Briza mediaBrizaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBrizaBriza minorBriza minorWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual(5)-15-90 cm0.9FO NZ V100Briza minorBrizaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus brevisBromus brevisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial30-75 cm0.75FO NZ V001Bromus brevisBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus catharticusBromus catharticusWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialc. 60 cm0.6FO NZ V001Bromus catharticusBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus commutatusBromus commutatusWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual to biennial60-120 cm1.2FO NZ V110Bromus commutatusBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus diandrusBromus diandrusWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual20-90 cm0.9FO NZ V100Bromus diandrusBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus erectusBromus erectusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms 40-120 cm1.2GrassBase001Bromus erectusBromusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus hordeaceusBromus hordeaceusWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual10-100 cm1FO NZ V100Bromus hordeaceusBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus inermisBromus inermisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 100 cm1FO NZ V001Bromus inermisBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus japonicusBromus japonicusWild0Monocotscaespitoseannualculm to 25 cm0.25FO NZ V100Bromus japonicusBromusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus lithobiusBromus lithobiusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial3-100-(165) cm1.65FO NZ V001Bromus lithobiusBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus madritensisBromus madritensisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual30-55 cm0.55FO NZ V100Bromus madritensisBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus racemosusBromus racemosusWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual or biennial12-50 cm0.5FO NZ V110Bromus racemosusBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus rubensBromus rubensSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseannual12-25 cm0.25FO NZ V100Bromus rubensBromusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus secalinusBromus secalinusSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseannual60-70 cm0.7FO NZ V100Bromus secalinusBromusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus sitchensisBromus sitchensisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial90-150 cm1.5FO NZ V001Bromus sitchensisBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus stamineusBromus stamineusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial60-200 cm2FO NZ V001Bromus stamineusBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus sterilisBromus sterilisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual or biennial30-75 cm0.75FO NZ V110Bromus sterilisBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus tectorumBromus tectorumWild1Monocotscaespitoseannual9-55-(80) cm0.8FO NZ V100Bromus tectorumBromusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBromusBromus valdivianusBromus valdivianusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialperennial tufts, 40-90 cm0.9FO NZ V001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesMoraceaeBroussonetiaBroussonetia papyriferaBroussonetia papyriferaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees 10-20 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeBrugmansiaBrugmansia ×candidaBrugmansia ×candidaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Brugmansia candida) to c. 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Brugmansia candidaBrugmansiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeBrugmansiaBrugmansia ×insignisBrugmansia ×insignisSometimes present0DicotsNATROPICOSNANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeBrugmansiaBrugmansia sanguineaBrugmansia sanguineaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial1-2-(4) m high4FO NZ IV001Brugmansia sanguineaBrugmansiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeBrugmansiaBrugmansia suaveolensBrugmansia suaveolensWild1Dicotsshrubperennial2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV001Brugmansia suaveolensBrugmansiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeBrunfelsiaBrunfelsia paucifloraBrunfelsia paucifloraSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial0.5-1.5 m high1.5Webb et al. 1995001Brunfelsia paucifloraBrunfelsiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeBrunneraBrunnera macrophyllaBrunnera macrophyllaWild0DicotsherbperennialPerennial herbNAFO NZ IV001Brunnera macrophyllaBrunneraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesCucurbitaceaeBryoniaBryonia creticaBryonia creticaWild1DicotsherbperennialStems climbing to c. 4 mNAWebb et al. 1995001Bryonia creticaBryoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeBryophyllumBryophyllum ×houghtoniiBryophyllum ×houghtoniiWild0Dicotsherbbiennialto c. 30 cm high0.3Webb et al. 1995010Bryophyllum \Houghtonii\BryophyllumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeBryophyllumBryophyllum daigremontianumBryophyllum daigremontianumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbs, monocarpic, Stems 5-25 dm; (as Kalanchoe daigremontiana) Perennial forb/herb to subshrub2.5FO NA; USDA PLANTS001Bryophyllum daigremontianumBryophyllumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeBryophyllumBryophyllum delagoenseBryophyllum delagoenseWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV001Bryophyllum delagoenseBryophyllumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeBryophyllumBryophyllum fedtschenkoiBryophyllum fedtschenkoiSometimes present0Dicotsherb-subshrubperennialPerennial, Forb/herb - SubshrubNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeBryophyllumBryophyllum pinnatumBryophyllum pinnatumWild1Dicotsherbperennialto c. 70 cm high0.7FO NZ IV001Bryophyllum pinnatumBryophyllumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeBuchloeBuchloe dactyloidesBuchloe dactyloidesWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms 5-10 cm long0.1GrassBase001Buchloe dactyloidesBuchloeCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeBuddlejaBuddleja davidiiBuddleja davidiiWild1Dicotsshrubperennial1-3-(4) m high4FO NZ IV001Buddleja davidiiBuddlejaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeBuddlejaBuddleja dysophyllaBuddleja dysophyllaWild0DicotsshrubperennialEvergreen shrub, often semi-scramblingNAFO NZ IV001Buddleja dysophyllaBuddlejaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeBuddlejaBuddleja globosaBuddleja globosaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial6-7 m high7FO NZ IV001Buddleja globosaBuddlejaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeBuddlejaBuddleja loricataBuddleja loricataSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialDeciduous shrub; Height: 4-5 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeBuddlejaBuddleja madagascariensisBuddleja madagascariensisWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Buddleja madagascariensisBuddlejaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeBuddlejaBuddleja salviifoliaBuddleja salvifoliaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Buddleja salvifoliaBuddlejaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeBuglossoidesBuglossoides arvensisBuglossoides arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Lithospermum arvense) to c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV100Lithospermum arvenseLithospermumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeBuglossoidesBuglossoides purpurocaeruleaBuglossoides purpurocaeruleaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum) to c. 40 cm high0.4FO NZ IV001Lithospermum purpurocaeruleumLithospermumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeBulbineBulbine semibarbataBulbine semibarbataWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualAnnual, herb, 0.07-0.45 m high0.45WA Flora100Bulbine semibarbataBulbineCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeBupleurumBupleurum rotundifoliumBupleurum rotundifoliumSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual, Forb/herb; Annual, 10-40 cm tallNAUSDA PLANTS; FO Pakistan100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeBupleurumBupleurum subovatumBupleurum subovatumWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 75 cm high0.75FO NZ IV100Bupleurum subovatumBupleurumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeBupleurumBupleurum tenuissimumBupleurum tenuissimumWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV100Bupleurum tenuissimumBupleurumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBuxalesBuxaceaeBuxusBuxus microphyllaBuxus microphyllaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialevergreen shrub growing to 1 m1PFAF001Buxus microphyllaBuxusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBuxalesBuxaceaeBuxusBuxus sempervirensBuxus sempervirensWild0Dicotsshrubperennial3-(8) m high8FO NZ IV001Buxus sempervirensBuxusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaNymphaealesCabombaceaeCabombaCabomba carolinianaCabomba carolinianaWild0Monocotsherbperennialobligate submerged, rooted aquatic plant; long-lived (i.e. perennial) underwater (i.e. mostly submerged) plant that is usually rooted to the ground in water 1-3 m deep, but it can occasionally be free-floatingNANZPCN; BCC Weeds001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCaesalpiniaCaesalpinia decapetalaCaesalpinia decapetalaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 15 m tall15FO NZ IV001Caesalpinia decapetalaCaesalpiniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCaesalpiniaCaesalpinia spinosaCaesalpinia spinosaSometimes present0DicotsperennialTree, Shrub (also as Tara spinosa)NATROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeCakileCakile edentulaCakile edentulaWild0Dicotsherbannual30-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Cakile edentulaCakileFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeCakileCakile maritimaCakile maritimaWild0Dicotsherbannual10-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Cakile maritimaCakileFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCalamagrostisCalamagrostis epigejosCalamagrostis epigejosSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 160 cm1.6FO NZ V001Calamagrostis epigejosCalamagrostisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeCalaminthaCalamintha nepetaCalamintha nepetaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 60 cm long0.6FO NZ IV001Calamintha nepetaCalaminthaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPortulacaceaeCalandriniaCalandrinia compressaCalandrinia compressaWild0Dicotsherbannual10-40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Calandrinia compressaCalandriniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPortulacaceaeCalandriniaCalandrinia menziesiiCalandrinia menziesiiWild0Dicotsherbannual10-40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Calandrinia menziesiiCalandriniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesCalceolariaceaeCalceolariaCalceolaria tripartitaCalceolaria tripartitaWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 25 cm tall0.25FO NZ IV100Calceolaria tripartitaCalceolariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCalendulaCalendula arvensisCalendula arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannualup to c. 30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Calendula arvensisCalendulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCalendulaCalendula officinalisCalendula officinalisWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennial(10)-15-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV111Calendula officinalisCalendulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCalliandraCalliandra brevipesCalliandra brevipesWild0Dicotsshrubperennial2 m2PlantInfo001Calliandra brevipesCalliandraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCalliandraCalliandra tweediiCalliandra tweediiSometimes present0Dicotsshrub(both C. tweedii and C. tweediei in database) listed as herb by some sources, tree by othersNATROPICOSNANANACalliandra tweedieiCalliandraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeCallicarpaCallicarpa rubellaCallicarpa rubellaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs ca. 2 m tall2FO China001Callicarpa rubellaCallicarpaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCallistachysCallistachys lanceolataCallistachys lanceolataWild1Dicotstreeperennial1.5-7 m high7WA Flora001Callistachys lanceolataCallistachysFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCallistephusCallistephus chinensisCallistephus chinensisWild0Dicotsherbannualc. 10-40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Callistephus chinensisCallistephusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeCallitricheCallitriche hamulataCallitriche hamulataWild0Dicotsherbperennialaquatic herbNABritFlora001Callitriche hamulataCallitricheFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeCallitricheCallitriche heterophyllaCallitriche heterophyllaWild0Dicotsherbannual or perennialMonoecious aquatic herb with long ascending stems, annual or perennialNAFO NZ IV; USDA PLANTS111Callitriche heterophyllaCallitricheFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeCallitricheCallitriche stagnalisCallitriche stagnalisWild0Dicotsherbperennialaquatic herbNANZPCN001Callitriche stagnalisCallitricheFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeCallitrisCallitris oblongaCallitris oblongaSometimes present0Gymnospermstreeperennialreaches a maximum height of 10 m10Harris & Kirkpatrick 1991001Callitris oblongaCallitrisCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeCallitrisCallitris rhomboideaCallitris rhomboideaWild0Gymnospermstreeperennial3-10-(15) m high15FO NZ IV001Callitris rhomboideaCallitrisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeCallunaCalluna vulgarisCalluna vulgarisWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Calluna vulgarisCallunaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCalotisCalotis lappulaceaCalotis lappulaceaWild0Dicotsherbperennial10-40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV001Calotis lappulaceaCalotisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeCalthaCaltha palustrisCaltha palustrisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herb, 2.0 ft mature height0.6USDA PLANTS001Caltha palustrisCalthaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeCalystegiaCalystegia silvaticaCalystegia silvaticaWild1Dicotsherbperennialvigorously twiningNAFO NZ IV001Calystegia silvaticaCalystegiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeCamelinaCamelina alyssumCamelina alyssumWild0DicotsherbannualStems 30-40-(60) cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Camelina alyssumCamelinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeCamelinaCamelina sativaCamelina sativaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualHerbs annual, (12-)30-80(-100) cm tall1FO China100Camelina sativaCamelinaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesTheaceaeCamelliaCamellia forrestiiCamellia forrestiiSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrubs or trees, 1-6(-8) m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesTheaceaeCamelliaCamellia grijsiiCamellia grijsiiSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs 1-4 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesTheaceaeCamelliaCamellia japonicaCamellia japonicaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialLarge evergreen shrubNAWebb et al. 1995001Camellia japonicaCamelliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesTheaceaeCamelliaCamellia reticulataCamellia reticulataSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialTrees or shrubs, (2-)4-15 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesTheaceaeCamelliaCamellia sasanquaCamellia sasanquaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialdensely branched, pyramidal to oval-rounded, tree-like, evergreen shrub that typically grows to 6-10 ft tallNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeCampanulaCampanula mediumCampanula mediumWild0Dicotsherbbiennialto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV010Campanula mediumCampanulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeCampanulaCampanula portenschlagianaCampanula portenschlagianaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto 20 cm0.2RHS UK001Campanula portenschlagianaCampanulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeCampanulaCampanula poscharskyanaCampanula poscharskyanaWild0Dicotsherbperennialtrailing perennialNAFO NZ IV001Campanula poscharskyanaCampanulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeCampanulaCampanula rapunculoidesCampanula rapunculoidesWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Campanula rapunculoidesCampanulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeCampanulaCampanula rapunculusCampanula rapunculusWild0Dicotsherbbiennialto 1 m high (including inflorescence)1Webb et al. 1995010Campanula rapunculusCampanulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeCampanulaCampanula rotundifoliaCampanula rotundifoliaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 40 cm long0.4FO NZ IV001Campanula rotundifoliaCampanulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeCampanulaCampanula versicolorCampanula versicolorSometimes present0Dicotsperennialvariable herbaceous perennial which may be upright or trailingNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaeCampsisCampsis ×tagliabuanaCampsis ×tagliabuanaWild0Dicotsvineperennialcreeping vineNAWebb et al. 1995001Campsis x tagliabuanaCampsisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaZingiberalesCannaceaeCannaCanna ×generalisCanna ×generalisSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herb (cross between C. glauca and C. indica)NAUSDA PLANTS001Canna x generalisCannaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaZingiberalesCannaceaeCannaCanna flaccidaCanna flaccidaSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialPerennial, forb/herb, monocotNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaZingiberalesCannaceaeCannaCanna indicaCanna indicaWild1MonocotsherbperennialStems 1-2 m high2FO NZ III001Canna indicaCannaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesCannabaceaeCannabisCannabis sativaCannabis sativaWild0Dicotsherbannual0.3-2-(5) m high5FO NZ IV100Cannabis sativaCannabisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeCapsellaCapsella bursa-pastorisCapsella bursa-pastorisWild0Dicotsherbannual(2)-15-30-(80) cm tall0.8FO NZ IV100Capsella bursa-pastorisCapsellaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeCapsicumCapsicum annuumCapsicum annuumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialusually less than 1 m tall1POWO001Capsicum annuumCapsicumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeCardamineCardamine flexuosaCardamine flexuosaWild(First record) Healy (1957); see also Garnock-Jones (1979). The specimen supporting the first record was collected from Marokopa River, near Te Anga, Kawhia County (South Auckland) in 1947 (CHR 70259). Healy (1957) provides details of additional specimens collected from other parts of the North Island and also the first South Island collection from Dunedin in 1951 (CHR 71732).0Dicotsherbannual to biennial(previous classification of C. flexuosa) Annual to perennial herb, (10)-15-30-(40) cm tall; Annual or biennial herb, peduncle up to 200 mm long0.2FO NZ IV; Heenan 2017110Cardamine flexuosaCardamineFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeCardamineCardamine hirsutaCardamine hirsutaWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual herb, 10-25-(40) cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeCardamineCardamine occultaCardamine occultaWildpreviously Cardamine flexuosa var. occulta (Heenan, P.B. 2017: A taxonomic revision of Cardamine L. (Brassicaceae) in New Zealand. Phytotaxa 330(1): 001-154.) (14May2020)0DicotsherbannualAnnual herb, peduncle up to 30 mm long0.03Heenan 2017100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeCardamineCardamine pratensisCardamine pratensisWild0DicotsherbperennialPerennial herb, (15)-30-60-(80) cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Cardamine pratensisCardamineFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesLiliaceaeCardiocrinumCardiocrinum giganteumCardiocrinum giganteumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialup to 2-4 m4FO NZ III001Cardiocrinum giganteumCardiocrinumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesSapindaceaeCardiospermumCardiospermum grandiflorumCardiospermum grandiflorumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialperennial-Climber- Ht 0.3 - 8 m; Perennial forb/herb, vineNACJB Africa; USDA PLANTS001Cardiospermum grandiflorumCardiospermumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCarduusCarduus acanthoidesCarduus acanthoidesWild0Dicotsherbbiennial1-2 m tall2FO NZ IV010Carduus acanthoidesCarduusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCarduusCarduus nutansCarduus nutansWild1Dicotsherbannual or biennial(15)-45-75-(250) cm tall2.5FO NZ IV110Carduus nutansCarduusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCarduusCarduus pycnocephalusCarduus pycnocephalusWild0Dicotsherbannual(20)-60-100-(150) cm tall1.5FO NZ IV100Carduus pycnocephalusCarduusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCarduusCarduus tenuiflorusCarduus tenuiflorusWild0Dicotsherbannual or rarely biennial(20)-60-100-(150) cm tall1.5FO NZ IV110Carduus tenuiflorusCarduusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex bichenovianaCarex bichenovianaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems c. 20 cm high0.2FO NZ III001Carex bichenovianaCarexCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex browniiCarex browniiWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to 30 cm high0.3FO NZ III001Carex browniiCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex demissaCarex demissaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems variable, to 30 cm long0.3FO NZ III001Carex demissaCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex divisaCarex divisaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 20-60-(80) cm0.8FO NZ III001Carex divisaCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex divulsaCarex divulsaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems (15)-20-60-(150) cm high0.5FO NZ III001Carex divulsaCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex flaccaCarex flaccaWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems (10)-25-50 cm high0.5FO NZ III001Carex flaccaCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex hirsutellaCarex hirsutellaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialleafy culms about 1-2 ft tall0.6IL Wildflowers001Carex hirsutellaCarexCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex hirtaCarex hirtaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialTufts 40-60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Carex hirtaCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex iynxCarex iynxWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialtussocks to 90 cm high0.9FO NZ III001Carex iynxCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex leporinaCarex leporinaWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Carex ovalis) Stems 20-60-(120)cm high1.2FO NZ III001Carex ovalisCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex longebrachiataCarex longebrachiataWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialtussocks 30-90 cm high0.9FO NZ III001Carex longebrachiataCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex longiiCarex longiiWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialtufts to ±40 cm high0.4FO NZ III001Carex longiiCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex luridaCarex luridaWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialclumps up to 90 cm tall0.9FO NZ III001Carex luridaCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex maculataCarex maculataSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialRhizome short; shoots densely tufted. Culms erect, trigonous, 10–40 (occasionally to 70) cm longNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex muricataCarex muricataWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 15-40 cm high0.4FO NZ III001Carex muricataCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex otrubaeCarex otrubaeWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Carex otrubaeCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex pallescensCarex pallescensWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial30-65 cm high0.65FO NZ III001Carex pallescensCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex paniculataCarex paniculataWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to ± 80 cm high0.8FO NZ III001Carex paniculataCarexCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex pendulaCarex pendulaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to 2.5 m high2.5FO NZ III001Carex pendulaCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex punctataCarex punctataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialperennial herb (sedge)NABritFlora001Carex punctataCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex ripariaCarex ripariaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 90 cm high0.9FO NZ III001Carex ripariaCarexCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex scopariaCarex scopariaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialup to 90 cm high0.9FO NZ III001Carex scopariaCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex spicataCarex spicataWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to 70 cm high0.7FO NZ III001Carex spicataCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex sylvaticaCarex sylvaticaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ III001Carex sylvaticaCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex virescensCarex virescensSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialperennial, graminoidNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCarexCarex vulpinoideaCarex vulpinoideaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial50-80 cm high0.8FO NZ III001Carex vulpinoideaCarexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCaricaceaeCaricaCarica pubescensCarica pubescensWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Carica pubescensCaricaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeCarpobrotusCarpobrotus chilensisCarpobrotus chilensisWild1Dicotsherbperennial(as Carpobrotus aequilaterus) creeping succulentNAFO NZ IV001Carpobrotus aequilaterusCarpobrotusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeCarpobrotusCarpobrotus edulisCarpobrotus edulisWild1Dicotsherbperennialcreeping succulentNAFO NZ IV001Carpobrotus edulisCarpobrotusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeCarrichteraCarrichtera annuaCarrichtera annuaWild0Dicotsherbannual10-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Carrichtera annuaCarrichteraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCarthamusCarthamus lanatusCarthamus lanatusWild0Dicotsherbannual25-40-(70) cm tall0.7FO NZ IV100Carthamus lanatusCarthamusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCarthamusCarthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriusSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual1 m1FO NZ IV100Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeCarumCarum carviCarum carviSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennial or perennialPlants 15–70(–150) cm tall; Biennial or perennial forb/herb1.5FO China; USDA PLANTS011Carum carviCarumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCassiaCassia leptophyllaCassia leptophyllaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree, height: 20-25 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCassiniaCassinia aculeataCassinia aculeataWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to 4 m tall4FO NZ IV001Cassinia aculeataCassiniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLauralesLauraceaeCassythaCassytha pubescensCassytha pubescensWildConsidered non-endemic in 2019 checklist [This species has bird dispersed fruits and it occurs in areas where Trans-Tasman avian vectors make their landfall.], but considered exotic in online database (14May2020)0Dicotsvineperennialparasitic vineNAFO NZ IV001Cassytha pubescensCassythaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesFagaceaeCastaneaCastanea sativaCastanea sativaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialLarge deciduous treeNAWebb et al. 1995001Castanea sativaCastaneaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCastanospermumCastanospermum australeCastanospermum australeSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree, up to 35 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesCasuarinaceaeCasuarinaCasuarina cunninghamianaCasuarina cunninghamianaWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to 20 m high20FO NZ IV001Casuarina cunninghamianaCasuarinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesCasuarinaceaeCasuarinaCasuarina glaucaCasuarina glaucaWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to 15 m high15FO NZ IV001Casuarina glaucaCasuarinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaeCatalpaCatalpa bignonioidesCatalpa bignonioidesWild0Dicotstreeperennial30 to 60 feet18Webb et al. 1995; MO Bot Garden001Catalpa bignonioidesCatalpaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCatapodiumCatapodium rigidumCatapodium rigidumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual5-40 cm0.4FO NZ V100Catapodium rigidumCatapodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeCatharanthusCatharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseusWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-100 cm high1FO NZ IV001Catharanthus roseusCatharanthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeCedronellaCedronella canariensisCedronella canariensisWild0DicotsherbperennialStems to 2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Cedronella canariensisCedronellaFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaeCedrusCedrus atlanticaCedrus atlanticaSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 30-35(-40) m tall40Farjon 2010001Cedrus atlanticaCedrusCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaeCedrusCedrus deodaraCedrus deodaraSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 40-50(-65) m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCelastralesCelastraceaeCelastrusCelastrus orbiculatusCelastrus orbiculatusWild1DicotsvineperennialWoody vineNAFO NZ IV001Celastrus orbiculatusCelastrusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesCannabaceaeCeltisCeltis australisCeltis australisWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to 20 m high20Heenan et al. 1998001Celtis australisCeltisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesCannabaceaeCeltisCeltis sinensisCeltis sinensisSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees, to 20 m tall, deciduous30FO China001Celtis sinensisCeltisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCenchrusCenchrus clandestinusCenchrus clandestinusWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Pennisetum clandestinum) Decumbent to semiscandentNAFO NZ V001Pennisetum clandestinumPennisetumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCenchrusCenchrus latifoliusCenchrus latifoliusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Pennisetum latifolium) Culm c. 2-2.5 m2.5FO NZ V001Pennisetum latifoliumPennisetumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCenchrusCenchrus longisetusCenchrus longisetusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Pennisetum villosum) to c. 35 cm0.35FO NZ V001Pennisetum villosumPennisetumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCenchrusCenchrus macrourusCenchrus macrourusWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Pennisetum macrourum) Culm 75-120 cm1.2FO NZ V001Pennisetum macrourumPennisetumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCenchrusCenchrus purpurascensCenchrus purpurascensSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Pennisetum alopecuroides) Culm 20-40 cm0.4FO NZ V001Pennisetum alopecuroidesPennisetumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCenchrusCenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Pennisetum purpureum) to 3 m or more3FO NZ V001Pennisetum purpureumPennisetumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCenchrusCenchrus setaceusCenchrus setaceusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Pennisetum setaceum) to 100 cm1FO NZ V001Pennisetum setaceumPennisetumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCentaureaCentaurea calcitrapaCentaurea calcitrapaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial(15)-30-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV010Centaurea calcitrapaCentaureaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCentaureaCentaurea cinerariaCentaurea cinerariaWild0Dicotsherbperennial50-75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV001Centaurea cinerariaCentaureaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCentaureaCentaurea cyanusCentaurea cyanusWild0Dicotsherbannual35-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV100Centaurea cyanusCentaureaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCentaureaCentaurea jaceaCentaurea jaceaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Centaurea jaceaCentaureaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCentaureaCentaurea maculosaCentaurea maculosaWild0Dicotsherbperennial or possibly biennial45-80-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV011Centaurea maculosaCentaureaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCentaureaCentaurea melitensisCentaurea melitensisWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(10)-25-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV110Centaurea melitensisCentaureaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCentaureaCentaurea montanaCentaurea montanaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1 to 2 feet0.6MO Bot Garden001Centaurea montanaCentaureaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCentaureaCentaurea nigraCentaurea nigraWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-75-(120) cm tall1.2FO NZ IV001Centaurea nigraCentaureaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCentaureaCentaurea scabiosaCentaurea scabiosaWild0Dicotsherbperennial40-70-(150) cm tall1.5FO NZ IV001Centaurea scabiosaCentaureaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCentaureaCentaurea solstitialisCentaurea solstitialisWild0Dicotsherbbiennial(10)-25-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV010Centaurea solstitialisCentaureaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesGentianaceaeCentauriumCentaurium erythraeaCentaurium erythraeaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialto c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV110Centaurium erythraeaCentauriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesGentianaceaeCentauriumCentaurium tenuiflorumCentaurium tenuiflorumWild0Dicotsherbannual25-(40) cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Centaurium tenuiflorumCentauriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeCentellaCentella asiaticaCentella asiaticaSometimes present0DicotsperennialLong-lived perennial, creeping herbNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeCentranthusCentranthus macrosiphonCentranthus macrosiphonSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual(0.05-)0.1-0.4 m high0.4WA Flora100Centranthus macrosiphonCentranthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeCentranthusCentranthus ruberCentranthus ruberWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Centranthus ruberCentranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCentrolepidaceaeCentrolepisCentrolepis fascicularisCentrolepis fascicularisSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialPerennial herb forming dense cushions 3–20 cm diamNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeCerastiumCerastium arvenseCerastium arvenseWild0Dicotsherbperennial(5)-10-30-(45) cm tall0.45FO NZ IV001Cerastium arvenseCerastiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeCerastiumCerastium fontanumCerastium fontanumWild0Dicotsherbperennial(5)-15-45-(60) cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Cerastium fontanumCerastiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeCerastiumCerastium glomeratumCerastium glomeratumWild0Dicotsherbannual(5)-10-30-(50) cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Cerastium glomeratumCerastiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeCerastiumCerastium semidecandrumCerastium semidecandrumWild0Dicotsherbannual(2)-5-15 cm0.15FO NZ IV100Cerastium semidecandrumCerastiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeCerastiumCerastium tomentosumCerastium tomentosumWild0Dicotsherbperennial10-40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV001Cerastium tomentosumCerastiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesCunoniaceaeCeratopetalumCeratopetalum gummiferumCeratopetalum gummiferumSometimes present0Dicotstreeperenniallarge shrub or small tree to 10 m, smaller in cultivation (rarely exceeds 5 m)10NSW Flora; ANPS001Ceratopetalum gummiferumCeratopetalumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCeratophyllalesCeratophyllaceaeCeratophyllumCeratophyllum demersumCeratophyllum demersumWild1Dicotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ IV001Ceratophyllum demersumCeratophyllumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCercisCercis siliquastrumCercis siliquastrumSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial12 m12PFAF001Cercis siliquastrumCercisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeCerintheCerinthe majorCerinthe majorWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 60 cm high0.6FO NZ IV100Cerinthe majorCerintheFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeCestrumCestrum ×cultumCestrum ×cultumSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial2-2.5 m tall (Cross between Cestrum elegans and Cestrum parqui)2.5Scene Outside001Cestrum x cultumCestrumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeCestrumCestrum aurantiacumCestrum aurantiacumWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Cestrum aurantiacumCestrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeCestrumCestrum elegansCestrum elegansWild1Dicotsshrubperennial2-4 m high4FO NZ IV001Cestrum elegansCestrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeCestrumCestrum fasciculatumCestrum fasciculatumWild0Dicotsshrubperennial2-4 m high4FO NZ IV001Cestrum fasciculatumCestrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeCestrumCestrum nocturnumCestrum nocturnumWild1Dicotsshrubperennial1.5-2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV001Cestrum nocturnumCestrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeCestrumCestrum parquiCestrum parquiWild1Dicotsshrubperennial1-3 m high3FO NZ IV001Cestrum parquiCestrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeChaenomelesChaenomeles speciosaChaenomeles speciosaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 3-(4) m high4FO NZ IV001Chaenomeles speciosaChaenomelesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeChaenorhinumChaenorhinum minusChaenorhinum minusSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualup to 40 cm0.4FO NZ IV100Chaenorrhinum minusChaenorrhinumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeChaenorhinumChaenorhinum origanifoliumChaenorhinum origanifoliumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHierba perenne, hasta de 40 cm, no cespitosa0.4Flora Vascular001Chaenorrhinum origanifoliaChaenorrhinumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeChaenostomaChaenostoma cordatumChaenostoma cordatumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialevergreen, perennial herb varies in height from ground-hugging to about 300 mmNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeChaerophyllumChaerophyllum temulumChaerophyllum temulumWild0Dicotsherbbiennialup to 100 cm high1FO NZ IV010Chaerophyllum temulumChaerophyllumFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeChamaecyparisChamaecyparis lawsonianaChamaecyparis lawsonianaWild1GymnospermstreeperennialLarge, narrow-pyramidal tree; Trees to 60-70 m tall70FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Chamaecyparis lawsonianaChamaecyparisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeChamaecytisusChamaecytisus palmensisChamaecytisus palmensisWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Chamaecytisus palmensisChamaecytisusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeChamaemelumChamaemelum nobileChamaemelum nobileWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 20 cm tall0.2FO NZ IV001Chamaemelum nobileChamaemelumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaArecalesPalmaeChamaeropsChamaerops humilisChamaerops humilisSometimes presentCHR 5265640MonocotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeChamelauciumChamelaucium uncinatumChamelaucium uncinatumWild0Dicotsshrubperennial1-3 m high3FO NZ IV001Chamelaucium uncinatumChamelauciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeChascolytrumChascolytrum poomorphumChascolytrum poomorphumSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseNANANANABriza poaemorphaBrizaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeChascolytrumChascolytrum rufumChascolytrum rufumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Briza rufa) to 35 cm0.35FO NZ V001Briza rufaBrizaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeChascolytrumChascolytrum subarisatumChascolytrum subarisatumSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Briza subaristata) to 80 cm high8NSW Flora001Briza subaristataBrizaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeChascolytrumChascolytrum uniolaeChascolytrum uniolaeSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Briza uniolae) Culms erect to 30-150 cm1.5GrassBase001Briza uniolaeBrizaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeChasmantheChasmanthe bicolorChasmanthe bicolorWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 70-100 cm1FO NZ III001Chasmanthe bicolorChasmantheFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeChasmantheChasmanthe floribundaChasmanthe floribundaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStem ± 1.5 m high1.5FO NZ III001Chasmanthe floribundaChasmantheFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeChasmanthiumChasmanthium latifoliumChasmanthium latifoliumSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialclump-forming, upright, ornamental grass, typically grows 2-5 ft; perennial graminoidNAMO Bot Garden; USDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPteridaceaeCheilanthesCheilanthes lendigeraCheilanthes lendigeraSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialStems long-creepingNAFO NA001Cheilanthes lendigeraCheilanthesCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeChelidoniumChelidonium majusChelidonium majusWild0Dicotsherbperennial 30-90 cm tall0.9FO NZ IV001Chelidonium majusChelidoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeChenopodiastrumChenopodiastrum muraleChenopodiastrum muraleWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Chenopodium murale) to c. 75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV100Chenopodium muraleChenopodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeChenopodiumChenopodium albumChenopodium albumWild0Dicotsherbannual(2)-5-2002FO NZ IV100Chenopodium albumChenopodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeChenopodiumChenopodium ficifoliumChenopodium ficifoliumSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual1.8 - 5.5 dm0.55FO NA100Chenopodium ficifoliumChenopodiumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeChenopodiumChenopodium foliosumChenopodium foliosumSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialto 50(-80) cm0.8FO Pakistan111Chenopodium foliosumChenopodiumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeChenopodiumChenopodium giganteumChenopodium giganteumWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Chenopodium giganteumChenopodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeChenopodiumChenopodium nutansChenopodium nutansWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Einadia nutans) Sprawling or low scramblingNAFO NZ IV001Einadia nutansEinadiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeChenopodiumChenopodium opulifoliumChenopodium opulifoliumWild0Dicotsherbannual0.5-3 m tall3FO NZ IV100Chenopodium opulifoliumChenopodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeChenopodiumChenopodium trigonon subsp. stellulatumChenopodium trigononsubsp. stellulatumWild0DicotsherbperennialProstrate or semi-prostrate perennial herb, often mat-formingNAFO NZ IV001Einadia trigonosEinadiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeChenopodiumChenopodium vulvariaChenopodium vulvariaWild0Dicotsherbannualprostrate or decumbentNAFO NZ IV100Chenopodium vulvariaChenopodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLauralesCalycanthaceaeChimonanthusChimonanthus praecoxChimonanthus praecoxSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs or small trees, 3-13 m tall13FO China001Chimonanthus praecoxChimonanthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeChimonobambusaChimonobambusa marmoreaChimonobambusa marmoreaSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms 1–1.5(–3) m, 0.5–1 cm in diamNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeChimonobambusaChimonobambusa quadrangularisChimonobambusa quadrangularisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 3-6 m, Rhizomatous6FO NZ V001Chimonobambusa quadrangularisChimonobambusaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeChlorisChloris gayanaChloris gayanaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 1 m, Stoloniferous1FO NZ V001Chloris gayanaChlorisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeChlorisChloris truncataChloris truncataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 50 cm, Stoloniferous0.5FO NZ V001Chloris truncataChlorisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeChlorophytumChlorophytum capenseChlorophytum capenseSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialPerennial, forb/herb, monocotNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesRutaceaeChoisyaChoisya ternataChoisya ternataSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialmedium shrub (usually between 1.2 and 3.6 m)3.6SA Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeChondrillaChondrilla junceaChondrilla junceaSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennial to perennial50-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV011Chondrilla junceaChondrillaEradicated TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeChrysanthemoidesChrysanthemoides moniliferaChrysanthemoides moniliferaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialshrub or small tree, up to c. 2-(3) m tall; (as Osteospermum moniliferum) fast growing semi-succulent, spreading shrub to 2 m tall3FO NZ IV; PlantzAfrica001Chrysanthemoides moniliferaChrysanthemoidesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeChrysanthemumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialcompact, clump-forming, herbaceous perennial that typically grows to 2-3’ tall0.9MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeChrysocomaChrysocoma coma-aureaChrysocoma coma-aureaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialDwarf shrub, to 30 cm tallNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeChusqueaChusquea galeottianaChusquea galeottianaSometimes presentCHR 526568 A to B0MonocotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCichoriumCichorium intybusCichorium intybusWild0Dicotsherbperennial40-120 cm tall, taprooted1.2FO NZ IV001Cichorium intybusCichoriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLauralesLauraceaeCinnamomumCinnamomum camphoraCinnamomum camphoraSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialEvergreen large trees, up to 30 m tall30FO China001Cinnamomum camphoraCinnamomumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLauralesLauraceaeCinnamomumCinnamomum loureiroiCinnamomum loureiroiSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 18 m18PFAF001Cinnamomum loureiriiCinnamomumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCirsiumCirsium arvenseCirsium arvenseWild1Dicotsherbperennial(20)-40-100-(150) cm tall, Shoots arise from horizontal roots1.5FO NZ IV001Cirsium arvenseCirsiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCirsiumCirsium brevistylumCirsium brevistylumWild0Dicotsherbperennial(25)-60-130-(200) cm tall, taprooted2FO NZ IV001Cirsium brevistylumCirsiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCirsiumCirsium palustreCirsium palustreWild1Dicotsherbbiennial(20)-80-150-(200) cm tall2FO NZ IV010Cirsium palustreCirsiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCirsiumCirsium vulgareCirsium vulgareWild1Dicotsherbbiennial(20)-50-150-(200) cm tall, taprooted2FO NZ IV010Cirsium vulgareCirsiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaVitalesVitaceaeCissusCissus striataCissus striataSometimes present0Dicotsvineperennialclimbing and trailing shrubNAFO NZ IV001Cissus striataCissusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesCistaceaeCistusCistus creticusCistus creticusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV001Cistus creticusCistusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesCistaceaeCistusCistus ladaniferCistus ladaniferWild0Dicotsshrubperennial1-2 m high2FO NZ IV001Cistus ladaniferCistusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesCistaceaeCistusCistus laurifoliusCistus laurifoliusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 2 m high2Heenan et al. 1999001Cistus laurifoliusCistusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesCistaceaeCistusCistus psilosepalusCistus psilosepalusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 1 m high1FO NZ IV001Cistus psilosepalusCistusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesCistaceaeCistusCistus salvifoliusCistus salvifoliusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Cistus salviifolius) Shrub, average heights: 0.5885, 0.6, or 1 m1BROT001Cistus salvifoliusCistusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesCucurbitaceaeCitrullusCitrullus lanatusCitrullus lanatusWild0DicotsherbannualprocumbentNAFO NZ IV100Citrullus lanatusCitrullusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesRutaceaeCitrusCitrus limonCitrus limonSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 3 m high in cultivation3Webb et al. 1995001Citrus limonCitrusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesRutaceaeCitrusCitrus reticulataCitrus reticulataSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialSmall trees; Slender tree, 4-6 m tallNAFO China; FO Pakistan001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesRutaceaeCitrusCitrus sinensisCitrus sinensisWild1Dicotstreeperennialto c. 10 m high10FO NZ IV001Citrus sinensisCitrusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeClarkiaClarkia amoenaClarkia amoenaWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV100Clarkia amoenaClarkiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeClarkiaClarkia unguiculataClarkia unguiculataSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual1 m1Calscape100Clarkia unguiculataClarkiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPortulacaceaeClaytoniaClaytonia perfoliataClaytonia perfoliataWild0Dicotsherbannual10-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Claytonia perfoliataClaytoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPortulacaceaeClaytoniaClaytonia sibiricaClaytonia sibiricaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or perennial0.2 m0.2PFAF111Claytonia sibiricaClaytoniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeClematisClematis grewiifloraClematis grewiifloraSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialVines woodyNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeClematisClematis montanaClematis montanaWild1DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Clematis montanaClematisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeClematisClematis tanguticaClematis tanguticaSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialclimberNAWebb et al. 1995001Clematis tanguticaClematisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeClematisClematis ternifloraClematis ternifloraWild1Dicotsvineperennial(as Clematis maximowicziana) climberNAFO NZ IV001Clematis maximowiczianaClematisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeClematisClematis tibetanaClematis tibetanaWild1DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Clematis tibetanaClematisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeClematisClematis vitalbaClematis vitalbaWild1DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Clematis vitalbaClematisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCleomaceaeCleomeCleome hasslerianaCleome hasslerianaWild0Dicotsherbannual0.5-2 m tall2FO NZ IV100Cleome hasslerianaCleomeFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCleomaceaeCleomeCleome rutidospermaCleome rutidospermaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or rarely perennialHerbs, annual or rarely perennial, 30-100 cm tall1FO China111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCleomaceaeCleomeCleome viscosaCleome viscosaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualUsually tall annual herb, up to a meter high1FO Pakistan100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeCleretumCleretum bellidiformeCleretum bellidiformeWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Dorotheanthus bellidiformis subsp bellidiformis) annual- Succulent Ht up to 0.1 m0.1CJB Africa100Dorotheanthus bellidiformisDorotheanthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeClerodendrumClerodendrum bungeiClerodendrum bungeiSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs 1-2 m tall2FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeClerodendrumClerodendrum trichotomumClerodendrum trichotomumWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to c. 6 m high6FO NZ IV001Clerodendrum trichotomumClerodendrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesClethraceaeClethraClethra arboreaClethra arboreaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 7 m high7Webb et al. 1995001Clethra arboreaClethraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeClinopodiumClinopodium vulgareClinopodium vulgareWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems lax or stragglingNAFO NZ IV001Clinopodium vulgareClinopodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeCliviaClivia ×cyrtanthifloraClivia ×cyrtanthifloraSometimes present0MonocotsperennialMonocotyledonous herb, perennialNANZPCN001Clivia × cyrtanthifloraCliviaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeCliviaClivia miniataClivia miniataSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 1.5-2 ft0.6MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPolemoniaceaeCobaeaCobaea scandensCobaea scandensWild1DicotsvineperenniallianeNAFO NZ IV001Cobaea scandensCobaeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeCoffeaCoffea arabicaCoffea arabicaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialsmall tree 2 to 8 m tall8POWO001Coffea arabicaCoffeaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCoixCoix lacryma-jobiCoix lacryma-jobiSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseannualup to 2 m2FO NZ V100Coix lachryma-jobiCoixCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesColchicaceaeColchicumColchicum autumnaleColchicum autumnaleWild0Monocotsherbperennialleaves 15-35 x 2-5 cm; corm0.35FO NZ III001Colchicum autumnaleColchicumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesRutaceaeColeonemaColeonema pulchellumColeonema pulchellumSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialperennial-Shrub, Dwarf shrub- Ht 0.7 - 1 m1CJB Africa001Coleonema pulchrumColeonemaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeColeostephusColeostephus myconisColeostephus myconisSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnualNANZPCN100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeColeusColeus argentatusColeus argentatusSometimes present0Dicotssubshrubperennial(as Plectranthus argentatus) 0.5-1 metres1RHS UK001Plectranthus argentatusPlectranthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeColeusColeus barbatusColeus barbatusSometimes present0Dicotsshrub-herbperennial(as Plectranthus grandis) shrub to nearly 3 m high; Perennial herb...Stems erect or ascending...20-30 (-60) cm0.6FO NZ IV; FO China001Hieracium praealtumHieraciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeColeusColeus comosusColeus comosusSometimes present0Dicotsshrub-subshrubperennial(as Plectranthus ornatus) Small succulent shrub or subshrub 30-50 cm high0.5Webb et al. 1995001Plectranthus ornatusPlectranthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRhamnaceaeColletiaColletia paradoxaColletia paradoxaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialnearly leafless shrub that grows slowly to 2-3 m tallNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPolemoniaceaeCollomiaCollomia cavanillesiiCollomia cavanillesiiWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Collomia cavanillesiiCollomiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeColocasiaColocasia esculentaColocasia esculentaWild0Monocotsherbperennial1-2 m high, tuberous2FO NZ III001Colocasia esculentaColocasiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeColquhouniaColquhounia coccineaColquhounia coccineaWild0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs 1-2(-4.5) m tall, erect or pendent4.5FO China001Colquhounia coccineaColquhouniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCommelinalesCommelinaceaeCommelinaCommelina communisCommelina communisSometimes present0MonocotsherbannualHerbs annual. Stems creeping, diffuse, numerous branched, to more than 1 mNAFO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeConiumConium maculatumConium maculatumWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialup to 2-(3) m high3FO NZ IV110Conium maculatumConiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeConsolidaConsolida ajacisConsolida ajacisWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Consolida ambigua) (15)-35-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV100Consolida ambiguaConsolidaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeConsolidaConsolida hispanicaConsolida hispanicaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualRaunkiaer life form: annual; flower colour: crimson, violet; NAFO Israel100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeConvallariaConvallaria majalisConvallaria majalisSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 0.5-1 ft0.3MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeConvolvulusConvolvulus arvensisConvolvulus arvensisWild0Dicotsherbperennialclimber, creeping or trailingNAFO NZ IV001Convolvulus arvensisConvolvulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeConvolvulusConvolvulus cneorumConvolvulus cneorumSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialevergreen dwarf shrub that typically grows to 2 ft tall0.6MO Bot Garden001Convolvulus cneorumConvolvulusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeConvolvulusConvolvulus graminetinusConvolvulus graminetinusSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialtrailing and twiningNANSW Flora001Convolvulus graminetinusConvolvulusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeConvolvulusConvolvulus sabatiusConvolvulus sabatiusWild0Dicotsherbperennialmat-formingNAFO NZ IV001Convolvulus sabatiusConvolvulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeCordylineCordyline fruticosaCordyline fruticosaWild0Monocotstreeperennial(as Cordyline terminalis) Shrub to 3 m high3FO NZ III001Cordyline fruticosaCordylineFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeCordylineCordyline rubraCordyline rubraSometimes present0MonocotsshrubperennialShrub to 4 m high4NSW Flora001Cordyline rubraCordylineCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCoreopsisCoreopsis lanceolataCoreopsis lanceolataWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Coreopsis lanceolataCoreopsisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCoreopsisCoreopsis tinctoriaCoreopsis tinctoriaWild0Dicotsherbannualup to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Coreopsis tinctoriaCoreopsisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCoreopsisCoreopsis verticillataCoreopsis verticillataSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial2.5 to 3 feet, rhizomatous0.9MO Bot Garden001Coreopsis verticillataCoreopsisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeCoriandrumCoriandrum sativumCoriandrum sativumWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 40 cm high0.4FO NZ IV100Coriandrum sativumCoriandrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCornalesCornaceaeCornusCornus capitataCornus capitataWild1Dicotstreeperennial(as Dendrobenthamia capitata) up to 6-(12) m high12FO NZ IV001Dendrobenthamia capitataDendrobenthamiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesRutaceaeCorreaCorrea albaCorrea albaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialErect shrub to 1.5 m high1.5NSW Flora001Correa albaCorreaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCortaderiaCortaderia jubataCortaderia jubataWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 3 m+3NZPCN001Cortaderia jubataCortaderiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCortaderiaCortaderia selloanaCortaderia selloanaWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 4 m+4NZPCN001Cortaderia selloanaCortaderiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeCorydalisCorydalis cheilanthifoliaCorydalis cheilanthifoliaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerb, perennial (though often short-lived), taprooted, subscapose, 10-30(-40) cm0.4FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeCorydalisCorydalis heterocarpaCorydalis heterocarpaSometimes present0DicotsherbbiennialHerbs, biennial, 25-60 cm, with taproot0.6FO China010 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeCorydalisCorydalis ochroleucaCorydalis ochroleucaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialoften short-lived, open woodland, herbaceous perennial that typically grows in a mound to 12-20 inches tall0.5MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesBetulaceaeCorylusCorylus avellanaCorylus avellanaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrubs , broadly spreading, to 5(--8) mNAhttp://www.efloras.org - Flora of North America; http://www.iucnredlist.org001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeCorymbiaCorymbia calophyllaCorymbia calophyllaSometimes presentCHR 5104950Dicotstreeperennial(as Corymbia calophylla) Tree or (mallee, rarely), to 40(-60) m highNAWA Flora001Corymbia calophyllaCorymbia TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeCorymbiaCorymbia ficifoliaCorymbia ficifoliaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialStraggly tree, 2-10 m high10WA Flora001Corymbia ficifoliaCorymbiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCosmosCosmos bipinnatusCosmos bipinnatusWild0Dicotsherbannual(15)-30-110 cm tall1.1FO NZ IV100Cosmos bipinnatusCosmosFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCosmosCosmos sulphureusCosmos sulphureusSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualannual that typically grows to 1-3 ft tall, but can grow to as much as 6 ft tall1.8MO Bot Garden100Cosmos sulphureusCosmosCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster ×suecicusCotoneaster ×suecicusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Cotoneaster dammeri) Height: 0.75-1 ft, dense, fast-growing, prostrate ground cover that grows to 1 ft tall but spreads to 6 ft wide or moreNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster ×watereriCotoneaster ×watereriSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial2.5-7 m tall7eFloraNZ001Cotoneaster x watereriCotoneasterCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster bullatusCotoneaster bullatusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 3 m tall3eFloraNZ001Cotoneaster bullatusCotoneasterCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster coriaceusCotoneaster coriaceusWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Cotoneaster lacteus) usually 1.5-3 m high (to c. 4 m in cultivation), evergreen4FO NZ IV001Cotoneaster lacteusCotoneasterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster dammeriCotoneaster dammeriSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialProstrate shrub 15 cm tall, evergreenNAeFloraNZ001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster divaricatusCotoneaster divaricatusSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialErect shrub, 1.0 to 1.5 m tall, deciduousNAeFloraNZ001Casual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster franchetiiCotoneaster franchetiiWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to c. 3 m high, evergreen3FO NZ IV001Cotoneaster franchetiiCotoneasterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster frigidusCotoneaster frigidusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 5 m high5Webb et al. 1995001Cotoneaster frigidusCotoneasterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster glaucophyllusCotoneaster glaucophyllusWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to 1-3 m high (occasionally taller in cultivation), evergreen; Spreading, evergreen shrub 2-5 m high5NZPCN001Cotoneaster glaucophyllusCotoneasterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster hebephyllusCotoneaster hebephyllusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Cotoneaster cf. monopyrenus) 2.5-5 m tall5eFloraNZ001Cotoneaster cf. monopyrenusCotoneasterCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster horizontalisCotoneaster horizontalisWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 1.5 m high1.5Webb et al. 1995001Cotoneaster horizontalisCotoneasterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster integrifoliusCotoneaster integrifoliusWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Cotoneaster conspicuus) up to 0.5-3.0 m high, deciduous3Heenan et al. 1998001Cotoneaster conspicuusCotoneasterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster marquandiiCotoneaster marquandiiSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialErect shrub 0.6–2.5 m tallNAeFloraNZ001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster microphyllusCotoneaster microphyllusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to c. 1 m high, evergreen1FO NZ IV001Cotoneaster microphyllusCotoneasterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster moupinensisCotoneaster moupinensisSometimes presentCHR 641470 A&B0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster pannosusCotoneaster pannosusWild0Dicotsshrubperennial1-2 m high2Heenan et al. 2004001Cotoneaster pannosusCotoneasterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster perpusillusCotoneaster perpusillusSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialProstrate shrub, deciduous, densely branched shrub up to 1.8 m tallNAeFloraNZ001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster salicifoliusCotoneaster salicifoliusSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrub or small tree, 2–4 m tall, evergreen; Shrub or small tree 6–8 m tallNAeFloraNZ001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCotoneasterCotoneaster simonsiiCotoneaster simonsiiWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to 4 m high, decidous or semi-evergreen4FO NZ IV001Cotoneaster simonsiiCotoneasterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCotulaCotula linearilobaCotula linearilobaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialperennial herb, 0.03-0.4 m tallNACJB Africa001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCotulaCotula turbinataCotula turbinataSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual150-300mm tall0.3PlantzAfrica100Cotula turbinataCotulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCotulaCotula vulgarisCotula vulgarisSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual to 20 cm high0.2eFloraSA100Cotula vulgarisCotulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCotyledonCotyledon orbiculataCotyledon orbiculataWild0Dicotssubshrubperennialsucculent subshrub, clump-forming, flowering stems to c. 50 cm high; succulent, forms a low shrub0.5FO NZ IV; PlantzAfrica001Cotyledon orbiculataCotyledonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCrassocephalumCrassocephalum crepidioidesCrassocephalum crepidioidesSometimes presentCHR 4199460DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula alataCrassula alataSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto 0.05 m high0.05WA Flora100Crassula alataCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula arborescensCrassula arborescensSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperenniallarge single-stemmed, many branched shrub or small tree, easily reaching a height of up to 3 m3PlantzAfrica001Crassula arborescens subsp. arborescensCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula biplanataCrassula biplanataSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialperennial-Dwarf shrub, Succulent- Ht 0.15 - 0.3 m0.3CJB Africa001Crassula biplanataCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula coccineaCrassula coccineaWild0Dicotssubshrubperennial15-c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV001Crassula coccineaCrassulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula colorataCrassula colorataSometimes present0DicotsherbannualSucculent annual, herb, 0.015-0.15 m high0.15FO NZ IV; WA Flora100Crassula colorataCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula cotyledonisCrassula cotyledonisSometimes present0Dicotsshrubletperennialperennial-Dwarf shrub, Succulent- Ht 0.2 - 0.65 m0.65CJB Africa001Crassula dubiaCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula decumbensCrassula decumbensWild0DicotsherbannualdecumbentNAFO NZ IV100Crassula decumbensCrassulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula dejectaCrassula dejectaSometimes presentNB: swaps between present in cultivation vs Sometimes present (exotic, casual); still a note about misapplication to naturalised C. fallax (14May2020)0Dicotsshrubletperennial400 mm tall0.4PlantzAfrica001Crassula dejectaCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula fallaxCrassula fallaxSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial succulent herbNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula multicavaCrassula multicavaWild1DicotsherbperennialprostrateNAFO NZ IV001Crassula multicavaCrassulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula muscosaCrassula muscosaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubletperennial(as Crassula muscosa var. muscosa) perennial-Geophyte- Ht 0.1 - 0.8 m; (as Crassula muscosa var. muscosa) Erect to decumbent sparingly to densely branched perennials to 25 cm tall0.8CJB Africa; ICN001Crassula muscosaCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula natansCrassula natansWild0DicotsherbannualOften aquatic annual, herbNAWA Flora100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula orbicularisCrassula orbicularisSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial0.25 m high when in flower0.25PlantzAfrica001Crassula orbicularisCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula ovataCrassula ovataSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial1 - 3 m tall3PlantzAfrica001Crassula ovataCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula pellucidaCrassula pellucidaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial, creeping herb, forming dense to lax mats0.8CJB Africa001Crassula pellucidaCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula pubescensCrassula pubescensSometimes present0Dicotsperennialcreeping, spreads through disarticulation of stems and leavesNANZPCN001Crassula pubescens subsp. radicansCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula sarmentosaCrassula sarmentosaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialSucculent perennial herbNAWebb et al. 1995001Crassula sarmentosaCrassulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula schmidtiiCrassula schmidtiiSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialSucculent perennial herb, forming mats. Stems erect or ascending, 5 - 9 cm highNAICN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula spathulataCrassula spathulataWild0DicotsherbperennialcreepingNAFO NZ IV001Crassula spathulataCrassulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeCrassulaCrassula tetragonaCrassula tetragonaWild0Dicotssubshrubperennial15-40-(50) cm high0.5FO NZ IV001Crassula tetragonaCrassulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCrataegusCrataegus laevigataCrataegus laevigataSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree, Height: 15-20 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCrataegusCrataegus monogynaCrataegus monogynaWild1Dicotstreeperennialup to 10 m10FO NZ IV001Crataegus monogynaCrataegusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCrepisCrepis capillarisCrepis capillarisWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(5)-15-45-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV110Crepis capillarisCrepisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCrepisCrepis foetidaCrepis foetidaWild0Dicotsherbannualc. 40-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Crepis foetidaCrepisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCrepisCrepis setosaCrepis setosaWild0Dicotsherbannual40-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV100Crepis setosaCrepisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCrepisCrepis vesicariaCrepis vesicariaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial15-75-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV110Crepis vesicariaCrepisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeCrinumCrinum ×powelliiCrinum ×powelliiSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialBulb, Height: 3-5 ft; bulbous perennialsNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCritesionCritesion glaucumCritesion glaucumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual12-60 cm0.6FO NZ V100Critesion glaucumCritesionFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCritesionCritesion hystrixCritesion hystrixWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual7.5-40-(85) cm0.85FO NZ V100Critesion hystrixCritesionFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCritesionCritesion jubatumCritesion jubatumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial30-75 cm0.75FO NZ V001Critesion jubatumCritesionFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCritesionCritesion marinumCritesion marinumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual10-30-(45) cm0.45FO NZ V100Critesion marinumCritesionFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCritesionCritesion murinumCritesion murinumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual10-70 cm0.7FO NZ V100Critesion murinumCritesionFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCritesionCritesion secalinumCritesion secalinumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 50 cm0.5FO NZ V001Critesion secalinumCritesionFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeCrocosmiaCrocosmia ×crocosmiifloraCrocosmia ×crocosmiifloraWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialrhizomatous and corm, 60-90 cm high0.9FO NZ III001Crocosmia x crocosmiifloraCrocosmiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeCrocosmiaCrocosmia aureaCrocosmia aureaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialgrows up to 1.2 m, corm1.2PlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeCrocosmiaCrocosmia paniculataCrocosmia paniculataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialcorm, to c. 1.5 m high1.5FO NZ III001Crocosmia paniculataCrocosmiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeCrocusCrocus serotinusCrocus serotinusSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as C. serotinus subsp salzmannii) deciduous perennial, autumn-flowering corm, to 10 cm in height, habit is columnar/uprightNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeCrocusCrocus tommasinianusCrocus tommasinianusSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialbulb with 3-5 basal, narrow, linear leaves, to 4-6 inches tall0.15MO Bot Garden001Crocus tommasinianusCrocusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCrotalariaCrotalaria agatifloraCrotalaria agatifloraWild0DicotssubshrubperennialWoody subshrub, 1-2 m high2FO NZ IV001Crotalaria agatifloraCrotalariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCrotalariaCrotalaria lunataCrotalaria lunataSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialErect shrub or small tree, 2–5 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRhamnaceaeCryptandraCryptandra amaraCryptandra amaraSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 1 m high1NSW Flora001Cryptandra amaraCryptandraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLauralesLauraceaeCryptocaryaCryptocarya obovataCryptocarya obovataSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 40 m high40NSW Flora001Cryptocarya obovataCryptocaryaCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeCryptomeriaCryptomeria japonicaCryptomeria japonicaWild0GymnospermstreeperennialMedium to large tree; Trees to 50-60 m tall, evergreen, monoecious60FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Cryptomeria japonicaCryptomeriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeCryptotaeniaCryptotaenia canadensisCryptotaenia canadensisSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1-3 ft tall0.9IL Wildflowers001Cryptotaenia canadensisCryptotaeniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesCucurbitaceaeCucumisCucumis metuliferusCucumis metuliferusSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualannual climbing or rarely trailing herb, Stems are up to 3 m long, radiating from a woody rootstockNAPlantzAfrica100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesCucurbitaceaeCucumisCucumis myriocarpusCucumis myriocarpusWild0DicotsherbannualvineNAWebb et al. 1995100Cucumis myriocarpusCucumisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesCucurbitaceaeCucurbitaCucurbita ficifoliaCucurbita ficifoliaWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialtrailingNAFO NZ IV111Cucurbita ficifoliaCucurbitaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesCucurbitaceaeCucurbitaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maximaWild0Dicotsherbannualtrailing or scramblingNAFO NZ IV100Cucurbita maximaCucurbitaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesCucurbitaceaeCucurbitaCucurbita pepoCucurbita pepoWild0DicotsherbannualtrailingNAFO NZ IV100Cucurbita pepoCucurbitaFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeCunninghamiaCunninghamia lanceolataCunninghamia lanceolataSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 30-40 m tall40Farjon 2010001Cunninghamia lanceolataCunninghamiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesCunoniaceaeCunoniaCunonia capensisCunonia capensisSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialup to 10 m10PlantzAfrica001Cunonia capensisCunoniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesLythraceaeCupheaCuphea hyssopifoliaCuphea hyssopifoliaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV001Cuphea hyssopifoliaCupheaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesLythraceaeCupheaCuphea igneaCuphea igneaSometimes present0Dicotssubshrubperennial0.1-0.5 metres; a rounded, densely branched, bushy, evergreen sub-shrub that grows 20-30” tall0.8RHS UK; MO Bot Garden001Cuphea igneaCupheaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesLythraceaeCupheaCuphea lanceolataCuphea lanceolataSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualannual herb, reaches on average a height of 45–60 cm0.6iNaturalist100Cuphea lanceolataCupheaCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeCupressusCupressus arizonicaCupressus arizonicaSometimes present0Gymnospermstree-shrubperennialLarge shrubs or trees 5-20(-30) m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeCupressusCupressus lusitanicaCupressus lusitanicaWild0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 30-35 m tall35Farjon 2010001Cupressus lusitanicaCupressusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeCupressusCupressus macrocarpaCupressus macrocarpaWild1GymnospermstreeperennialMedium-sized tree (sometimes very large in cultivation); Trees to 20-25 m tall60FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Cupressus macrocarpaCupressusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeCupressusCupressus sempervirensCupressus sempervirensWild0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 40 m tall (usually smaller)40Farjon 2010001Cupressus sempervirensCupressusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeCuscutaCuscuta campestrisCuscuta campestrisWild0DicotsherbannualTwiningNAFO NZ IV100Cuscuta campestrisCuscutaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeCuscutaCuscuta epithymumCuscuta epithymumWild0DicotsherbannualTwiningNAFO NZ IV100Cuscuta epithymumCuscutaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeCuscutaCuscuta europaeaCuscuta europaeaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualTwiningNAFO NZ IV100Cuscuta europaeaCuscutaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeCuscutaCuscuta planifloraCuscuta planifloraSometimes present0DicotsherbannualParasitic, twining annual, herb or climberNAWA Flora100Cuscuta planifloraCuscutaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeCuscutaCuscuta suaveolensCuscuta suaveolensSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialTwiningNAFO NZ IV001Cuscuta suaveolensCuscutaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCyanthilliumCyanthillium cinereumCyanthillium cinereumSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual(as Vernonia cinerea) 0.2-1 m high1NSW Flora100Vernonia cinereaVernoniaCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaCyathealesCyatheaceaeCyatheaCyathea cooperiCyathea cooperiWild(First record) Gardner (1994). Voucher: AK 218773; CHR 484311, 1993.0FernsAndAlliestreefernperennial500 mm high0.5eFloraNZ001Cyathea cooperiCyatheaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaeCyclamenCyclamen hederifoliumCyclamen hederifoliumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 0.25-0.50 ft0.2MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaeCyclamenCyclamen persicumCyclamen persicumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial0.5 to 0.75 feet0.23MO Bot Garden001Cyclamen persicumCyclamenCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeCyclospermumCyclospermum leptophyllumCyclospermum leptophyllumWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV100Ciclospermum leptophyllumCiclospermumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeCydoniaCydonia oblongaCydonia oblongaWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to 5-(8) m high8FO NZ IV001Cydonia oblongaCydoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCactaceaeCylindropuntiaCylindropuntia fulgidaCylindropuntia fulgidaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialPerennial, Shrub, Tree; Trees 1-3 m, trunk divaricately branchingNAUSDA PLANTS; FO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeCymbalariaCymbalaria muralisCymbalaria muralisWild0Dicotsherbperennialcreeping or trailingNAFO NZ IV001Cymbalaria muralisCymbalariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCymbopogonCymbopogon refractusCymbopogon refractusSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCaespitose perennial to 1 m high1NSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCynaraCynara cardunculusCynara cardunculusWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Cynara cardunculusCynaraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeCynaraCynara scolymusCynara scolymusWild0Dicotsherbperennial1-(2) m tall2FO NZ IV001Cynara scolymusCynaraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCynodonCynodon dactylonCynodon dactylonWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial4 to 6 inches tall. Under favorable conditions, stems may be 12 to 18 inches high.0.45USDA PLANTS001Cynodon dactylonCynodonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCynodonCynodon transvaalensisCynodon transvaalensisSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCreeping, stoloniferous and/or rhizomatous perennial to c. 0.1 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeCynoglossumCynoglossum amabileCynoglossum amabileWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialto c. 60 cm high0.6FO NZ IV110Cynoglossum amabileCynoglossumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeCynoglottisCynoglottis barrelieriCynoglottis barrelieriWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Anchusa barrelieri) to c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV001Anchusa barrelieriAnchusaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCynosurusCynosurus cristatusCynosurus cristatusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial10-75-(85) cm0.85FO NZ V001Cynosurus cristatusCynosurusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeCynosurusCynosurus echinatusCynosurus echinatusWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual7-70-(110) cm1.1FO NZ V100Cynosurus echinatusCynosurusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus albostriatusCyperus albostriatusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to 40 cm high0.4FO NZ III001Cyperus albostriatusCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus alternifoliusCyperus alternifoliusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Cyperus involucratus = C. alternifolius subsp. flabelliformis) perennial, stems to 60 cm high; perennial sedge that features a grass-like clump of triangular green stems typically growing to 2-3’ tall0.9FO NZ III; MO Bot Garden001Cyperus involucratusCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus brevifoliusCyperus brevifoliusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 1-30 cm high0.3FO NZ III001Cyperus brevifoliusCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus congestusCyperus congestusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 15-40-(80) cm high0.8FO NZ III001Cyperus congestusCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus eragrostisCyperus eragrostisWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 25-90 cm high0.9FO NZ III001Cyperus eragrostisCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus esculentusCyperus esculentusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to 40 cm high0.4FO NZ III001Cyperus esculentusCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus gunniiCyperus gunniiWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to c. 1 m high1FO NZ III001Cyperus gunniiCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus longusCyperus longusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to 60 cm0.6FO NZ III001Cyperus longusCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus mindorensisCyperus mindorensisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Cyperus kyllingia) Stems 8-45 cm high0.45FO NZ III001Cyperus kyllingiaCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus polystachyosCyperus polystachyosWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual to perennialStems to 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ III111Cyperus polystachyosCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus proliferCyperus proliferSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialUnder ideal conditions the culms may attain 1.2 m in height, but are usually shorter; perennial1.2PlantzAfrica; NSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus rotundusCyperus rotundusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 10-35 cm high0.35FO NZ III001Cyperus rotundusCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeCyperusCyperus sanguinolentusCyperus sanguinolentusWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualStems to 40 cm high0.4FO NZ III100Cyperus sanguinolentusCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeCyrtanthusCyrtanthus elatusCyrtanthus elatusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial0.5-1 metres1RHS UK001Cyrtanthus elatusCyrtanthusCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaeCyrtomiumCyrtomium falcatumCyrtomium falcatumWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennial1 to 2 feet0.6MO Bot Garden001Cyrtomium falcatumCyrtomiumFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesCystopteridaceaeCystopterisCystopteris fragilisCystopteris fragilisWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialRhizomes short, horizontal, scaly. Stipes 5-15 cm long0.15FO NZ IV001Cystopteris fragilisCystopterisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCytisusCytisus lanigerCytisus lanigerSometimes present0Dicots(synonym of Calicotome villosa on POWO)NAPOWONANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCytisusCytisus multiflorusCytisus multiflorusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Cytisus multiflorusCytisusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCytisusCytisus rigidusCytisus rigidusSometimes present0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCytisusCytisus scopariusCytisus scopariusWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to 2-(2.5) m high2.5FO NZ IV001Cytisus scopariusCytisusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeCytisusCytisus spinosusCytisus spinosusWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Calicotome spinosa) up to 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Calicotome spinosaCalicotomeFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeDaboeciaDaboecia cantabricaDaboecia cantabricaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 30 cm high0.3FO NZ IV001Daboecia cantabricaDaboeciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDactylisDactylis glomerataDactylis glomerataWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial25-120 cm1.2FO NZ V001Dactylis glomerataDactylisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDactylocteniumDactyloctenium aegyptiumDactyloctenium aegyptiumSometimes present0MonocotsherbannualAnnual. Culms slender to moderately robust, geniculately ascending to shortly stoloniferous and mat-forming, infrequently erect, 15–60 cm tall0.6FO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeDahliaDahlia ×hortensisDahlia ×hortensisSometimes present0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeDahliaDahlia coccineaDahlia coccineaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialvariable herbaceous perennial, usually 1.2-1.5m high but sometimes up to 3m highNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeDahliaDahlia excelsaDahlia excelsaWild0Dicotsherbperennial2-6 m tall6FO NZ IV001Dahlia excelsaDahliaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeDanaeDanae racemosaDanae racemosaSometimes present0Monocotsshrubperennialevergreen shrub to 1.2m tall1.2RHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDanthoniaDanthonia decumbensDanthonia decumbensWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Sieglingia decumbens) 12-50 cm, culm 10-45 cm0.5FO NZ V001Sieglingia decumbensSieglingiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesThymelaeaceaeDaphneDaphne bholuaDaphne bholuaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs evergreen or deciduous, creeping or erect, 1-2.6 (-4) m tall4FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesThymelaeaceaeDaphneDaphne laureolaDaphne laureolaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV001Daphne laureolaDaphneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesThymelaeaceaeDaphneDaphne oleoidesDaphne oleoidesSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 1 m1PFAF001Daphne oleoidesDaphneCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeDaturaDatura feroxDatura feroxWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Datura feroxDaturaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeDaturaDatura stramoniumDatura stramoniumWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Datura stramoniumDaturaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeDaucusDaucus carotaDaucus carotaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialup to 120 cm high1.2FO NZ IV110Daucus carotaDaucusFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDavalliaceaeDavalliaDavallia griffithianaDavallia griffithianaWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialfern with long-creeping rhizomes and fronds similar in appearance to, but slightly larger than, those of D. tasmaniiNAWebb et al. 1995001Davallia griffithianaDavalliaCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDavalliaceaeDavalliaDavallia trichomanoidesDavallia trichomanoidesSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennial(as Davallia mariesii) 0.1-0.5 metres0.5RHS UK001Davallia mariesiiDavalliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesUrticaceaeDebregeasiaDebregeasia longifoliaDebregeasia longifoliaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrubs or small trees 3-6 m tall, dioecious or monoecious6FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeDelaireaDelairea odorataDelairea odorataWild1Dicotsherbperennial(as Senecio mikanioides) scrambling or scandentNAFO NZ IV001Senecio mikanioidesSenecioFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeDelospermaDelosperma cooperiDelosperma cooperiSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 0.25-0.5 ft0.2MO Bot Garden001Delosperma sp.DelospermaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesOrchidaceaeDendrobiumDendrobium kingianumDendrobium kingianumSometimes present0Monocotsherbperennialusually a lithophyte (growing on rocks) but can sometimes be found as an epiphyteNAANPS001Dendrobium kingianumDendrobiumCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDennstaedtiaceaeDennstaedtiaDennstaedtia davallioidesDennstaedtia davallioidesSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialFronds erect but drooping near tips, to 1.5 m high1.5NSW Flora001Dennstaedtia davallioidesDennstaedtiaCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesAthyriaceaeDepariaDeparia petersenii subsp. peterseniiDeparia peterseniisubsp. peterseniiSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDeschampsiaDeschampsia flexuosaDeschampsia flexuosaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial30-75 cm 0.75FO NZ V001Deschampsia flexuosaDeschampsiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeDescurainiaDescurainia sophiaDescurainia sophiaWild0Dicotsherbannualto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Descurainia sophiaDescurainiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCornalesHydrangeaceaeDeutziaDeutzia crenataDeutzia crenataSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs 1-3 m tall3FO China001Deutzia crenataDeutziaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeDianthusDianthus armeriaDianthus armeriaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(3)-20-45 cm tall0.45FO NZ IV110Dianthus armeriaDianthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeDianthusDianthus barbatusDianthus barbatusWild0Dicotsherbperennial15-30-(60) cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Dianthus barbatusDianthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeDianthusDianthus deltoidesDianthus deltoidesWild0Dicotsherbperennial10-25-(30) cm tall0.3FO NZ IV001Dianthus deltoidesDianthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeDianthusDianthus gratianopolitanusDianthus gratianopolitanusSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 05-1 ft0.3MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeDianthusDianthus plumariusDianthus plumariusWild0Dicotsherbperennial10-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV001Dianthus plumariusDianthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeDicentraDicentra scandensDicentra scandensSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Dactylicapnos scandens) Climbers, perennial, herbaceousNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDichantheliumDichanthelium lanuginosumDichanthelium lanuginosumWildnot in 2019 checklist but in online database (14May2020)0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Panicum huachucae) Culm 30-45 cm0.45FO NZ V001Panicum huachucaePanicumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDichantheliumDichanthelium lindheimeriDichanthelium lindheimeriWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial, graminoidNAFO NZ V; USDA PLANTS001Panicum lindheimeriPanicumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDichantheliumDichanthelium sphaerocarponDichanthelium sphaerocarponWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Panicum sphaerocarpon) 12-20 cm0.2FO NZ V001Panicum sphaerocarponPanicumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDichelachneDichelachne raraDichelachne raraWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms erect, 18-130 cm tall1.3FO NZ V; AusGrass2001Dichelachne raraDichelachneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDichelachneDichelachne sieberianaDichelachne sieberianaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms 20-90 cm tall0.9FO NZ V; AusGrass2001Dichelachne sieberianaDichelachneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeDichondraDichondra micranthaDichondra micranthaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 5 cm high0.05FO NZ IV001Dichondra micranthaDichondraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeDieramaDierama ensifoliumDierama ensifoliumSometimes present0Monocots(considered synonym of D. pendulum by Kew)NANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeDieramaDierama pendulumDierama pendulumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 1-2 m high2FO NZ III001Dierama pendulumDieramaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeDietesDietes bicolorDietes bicolorSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial1 m1PlantzAfrica001Dietes bicolorDietesCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeDietesDietes grandifloraDietes grandifloraSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialperennial, evergreen plant which grows up to 1.5m in large clumps1.5PlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeDietesDietes iridioidesDietes iridioidesSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialrhizomatous, evergreen herb, up to 600 mm high0.6PlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeDigitalisDigitalis purpureaDigitalis purpureaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial or short-lived perennialto c. 2.5 m high2.5FO NZ V011Digitalis purpureaDigitalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDigitariaDigitaria abyssinicaDigitaria abyssinicaSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial graminoidNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDigitariaDigitaria aequiglumisDigitaria aequiglumisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannualto c. 50 cm0.5FO NZ V100Digitaria aequiglumisDigitariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDigitariaDigitaria ciliarisDigitaria ciliarisWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulm (15)-20-40 cm, decumbent0.4FO NZ V100Digitaria ciliarisDigitariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDigitariaDigitaria ischaemumDigitaria ischaemumWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulm 7-20-(30) cm0.3FO NZ V100Digitaria ischaemumDigitariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDigitariaDigitaria sanguinalisDigitaria sanguinalisWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulm (15)-20-30-(115) cm1.15FO NZ V100Digitaria sanguinalisDigitariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDigitariaDigitaria violascensDigitaria violascensWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulm 15-25-(40) cm0.4FO NZ V100Digitaria violascensDigitariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeDimorphothecaDimorphotheca fruticosaDimorphotheca fruticosaWild2009: Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of Compositae.Vienna, International Association for Plant Taxonomy.1Dicotsherbperennial(as Osteospermum fruticosum) Straggling, glandular perennial herb, becoming woody toward base, often forming dense matsNAFO NZ IV001Osteospermum fruticosumOsteospermumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeDimorphothecaDimorphotheca jucundaDimorphotheca jucundaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Osteospermum jucundum) Straggling to suberect, glandular perennial herb, becoming somewhat woody toward base; to 45cm in height0.45FO NZ IV; RHS UK001Osteospermum jucundumOsteospermumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesDroseraceaeDionaeaDionaea muscipulaDionaea muscipulaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialNAUSDA PLANTS001Dionaea muscipulaDionaeaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDioscorealesDioscoreaceaeDioscoreaDioscorea communisDioscorea communisWild0MonocotsherbperennialDeciduous vine with subterranean tubers, Stems slender and twining to 3-4m; (as Tamus communis) Hierba perenne, Tallo hasta de 4 m o más de altura, trepador4NZPCN; Flora Vascular001Dioscorea communisDioscoreaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEbenaceaeDiospyrosDiospyros lotusDiospyros lotusSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 10 m high, climber10Webb et al. 1995001Diospyros lotusDiospyrosCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEbenaceaeDiospyrosDiospyros virginianaDiospyros virginianaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial5-12(-21) meters tall21USDA PLANTS001Diospyros virginianaDiospyrosCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDiplachneDiplachne fuscaDiplachne fuscaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial25-150 cm tall1.5AusGrass2001Diplachne fuscaDiplachneCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesAthyriaceaeDiplaziumDiplazium esculentumDiplazium esculentumSometimes presentonline database shows previously present in cultivation (14May2020)0FernsAndAlliesNANANANA TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesAthyriaceaeDiplaziumDiplazium nipponicumDiplazium nipponicumSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeDiplotaxisDiplotaxis muralisDiplotaxis muralisWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(10)-30-40-(60) cm tall0.6FO NZ IV110Diplotaxis muralisDiplotaxisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeDiplotaxisDiplotaxis tenuifoliaDiplotaxis tenuifoliaWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV001Diplotaxis tenuifoliaDiplotaxisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeDipogonDipogon lignosusDipogon lignosusWild1DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Dipogon lignosusDipogonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeDipsacusDipsacus fullonumDipsacus fullonumWild0Dicotsherbbiennial(as Dipsacus sylvestris) up to 2 m tall2FO NZ IV010Dipsacus sylvestrisDipsacusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeDipsacusDipsacus sativusDipsacus sativusSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennialup to 2 m tall2FO NZ IV010Dipsacus sativusDipsacusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeDistichlisDistichlis spicataDistichlis spicataWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial graminoid, 1.1 ft mature height0.34USDA PLANTS001Distichlis spicataDistichlisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaeDistictisDistictis buccinatoriaDistictis buccinatoriaSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Distictis buccinatoriaDistictisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeDittrichiaDittrichia graveolensDittrichia graveolensWild0Dicotsherbannualup to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Dittrichia graveolensDittrichiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeDombeyaDombeya burgessiaeDombeya burgessiaeSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialtree seldom exceeds 4m in height and has a spread of about the sameNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeDombeyaDombeya torridaDombeya torridaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree usually 7-24 m24CJB Africa001Dombeya torridaDombeyaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeDoronicumDoronicum plantagineumDoronicum plantagineumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Doronicum plantagineumDoronicumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesMoraceaeDorsteniaDorstenia contrajervaDorstenia contrajervaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeDorycniumDorycnium hirsutumDorycnium hirsutumSometimes present0Dicotssubshrubperennialperennial shrub, 0.5 m (average)0.5BROT001Dorycnium hirsutumDorycniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeDovyalisDovyalis hebecarpaDovyalis hebecarpaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial4-7 m7Ecocrop001Dovyalis hebecarpaDovyalisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeDrabaDraba vernaDraba vernaWild1993: Flora of North America.New York and Oxford,0Dicotsherbannual(as Erophila verna) flowering stems (2)-4-8-(25) cm tall0.25FO NZ IV100Erophila vernaErophilaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeDracaenaDracaena dracoDracaena dracoWild0Monocotstreeperennialslow-growing evergreen tree, 4-8 m height (in 20-50 yrs)8RHS UK001Dracaena dracoDracaenaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeDracunculusDracunculus vulgarisDracunculus vulgarisWild0Monocotsherbperennialto 1 m high1FO NZ III001Dracunculus vulgarisDracunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeDrosanthemumDrosanthemum floribundumDrosanthemum floribundumWild0DicotssubshrubperennialMat-forming, trailing or cushion-formingNAFO NZ IV001Drosanthemum floribundumDrosanthemumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeDrosanthemumDrosanthemum speciosumDrosanthemum speciosumSometimes present0Dicotsshrubletperenniallow-growing shrublet...fast-growing with small succulent leavesNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesDroseraceaeDroseraDrosera burmanniDrosera burmanniSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or biennialHerbs annual or biennialNAFO China110 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesDroseraceaeDroseraDrosera capensisDrosera capensisWild0Dicotsherbperennialusually around 150 mm0.15Heenan et al. 2004; PlantzAfrica001Drosera capensisDroseraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesDroseraceaeDroseraDrosera filiformisDrosera filiformisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial, forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesDroseraceaeDroseraDrosera neocaledonicaDrosera neocaledonicaSometimes presentrecorded as naturalised since 2004 in the NZPCN0DicotsNANANANADrosera neo-caledonicaDroseraCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaeDryopterisDryopteris affinisDryopteris affinisWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialRhizomes stout, erect, Stipes 10-40 cm long0.4FO NZ IV001Dryopteris affinisDryopterisFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaeDryopterisDryopteris carthusianaDryopteris carthusianaSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialPerennial, forb/herb (fern)NAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaeDryopterisDryopteris cycadinaDryopteris cycadinaSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennial1.50 to 3.00 feet0.9MO Bot Garden001Dryopteris cycadinaDryopterisCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaeDryopterisDryopteris dilatataDryopteris dilatataWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennial2.00 to 3.00 feet0.9MO Bot Garden001Dryopteris dilatataDryopterisFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaeDryopterisDryopteris erythrosoraDryopteris erythrosoraSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialgrows in a vase-shaped clump to 2 ft tall and as wide, Fern, Height: 1.5-2.5 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaeDryopterisDryopteris filix-masDryopteris filix-masWild1FernsAndAlliesfernperennialto 1.2m in height1.2RHS UK001Dryopteris filix-masDryopterisFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaeDryopterisDryopteris inaequalisDryopteris inaequalisSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAHeenan et al. 2004001Dryopteris inaequalisDryopterisCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaeDryopterisDryopteris kinkiensisDryopteris kinkiensisSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialFronds caespitose, Stipes 20-40 cmNAFO China001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaeDryopterisDryopteris sieboldiiDryopteris sieboldiiSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialPlants 0.5-1 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaeDryopterisDryopteris stewartiiDryopteris stewartiiSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAFraser-Jenkins 1978001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPutranjivaceaeDrypetesDrypetes deplancheiDrypetes deplancheiSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialsmall to medium-sized tree, up to 25 metres tall25ALA001Drypetes deplancheiDrypetesCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesBromeliaceaeDyckiaDyckia frigidaDyckia frigidaSometimes present0MonocotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaArecalesPalmaeDypsisDypsis baroniiDypsis baroniiSometimes present0MonocotstreeperennialTree, monocotNATROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeDysphaniaDysphania ambrosioidesDysphania ambrosioidesWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Chenopodium ambrosioides) to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Chenopodium ambrosioidesChenopodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeDysphaniaDysphania pumilioDysphania pumilioWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Chenopodium pumilio) to c. 40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Chenopodium pumilioChenopodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesCucurbitaceaeEcballiumEcballium elateriumEcballium elateriumWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialvine, 1 to 1.5 feet0.45MO Bot Garden111Ecballium elateriumEcballiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaeEccremocarpusEccremocarpus scaberEccremocarpus scaberWild0DicotssubshrubperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Eccremocarpus scaberEccremocarpusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeEcheveriaEcheveria ×imbricataEcheveria ×imbricataSometimes present0Dicotsherb(cross between E. gibbiflora and E. secunda)NAFO NZ IVNANANAEcheveria x imbricataEcheveriaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeEcheveriaEcheveria amoenaEcheveria amoenaSometimes present0DicotsperennialAcaulescent or nearly so, with numerous short offsets, pinkish-pruinose. Leaves in small but dense rosettesNAICN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeEcheveriaEcheveria multicaulisEcheveria multicaulisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialSucculent perennial herbNAWebb et al. 1995001Echeveria multicaulisEcheveriaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeEcheveriaEcheveria secundaEcheveria secundaWild0DicotsherbperennialGlabrous, perennial herb, either acaulous or with a very short thick stemNAFO NZ IV001Echeveria secundaEcheveriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeEcheveriaEcheveria setosaEcheveria setosaWild0DicotsherbperennialSucculent perennial herbNAWebb et al. 1995001Echeveria setosaEcheveriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeEchinaceaEchinacea purpureaEchinacea purpureaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 2-5 ft1.5MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEchinochloaEchinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-galliWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulm (20)-30-130 cm1.3FO NZ V100Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEchinochloaEchinochloa crus-pavonisEchinochloa crus-pavonisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannualto c. 100 cm1FO NZ V100Echinochloa crus-pavonisEchinochloaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEchinochloaEchinochloa esculentaEchinochloa esculentaWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulm (35)-40-60 cm0.6FO NZ V100Echinochloa esculentaEchinochloaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEchinochloaEchinochloa microstachyaEchinochloa microstachyaWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulms erect, to 100 cm high1Vic Flora100Echinochloa microstachyaEchinochloaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEchinochloaEchinochloa oryzoidesEchinochloa oryzoidesSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulms erect, 25-150 cm tall1.5AusGrass2100Echinochloa oryzoidesEchinochloaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEchinochloaEchinochloa telmatophilaEchinochloa telmatophilaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannualto 60 cm0.6FO NZ V100Echinochloa telmatophilaEchinochloaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeEchinopsEchinops ritroEchinops ritroSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual to perennialStems 20-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV111Echinops ritroEchinopsCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeEchiumEchium candicansEchium candicansWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV001Echium candicansEchiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeEchiumEchium pininanaEchium pininanaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial or short-lived perennialto c. 5 m high5FO NZ IV011Echium pininanaEchiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeEchiumEchium plantagineumEchium plantagineumWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialto c. 90 cm high0.9FO NZ IV110Echium plantagineumEchiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeEchiumEchium vulgareEchium vulgareWild1Dicotsherbannual or biennialto c. 90 cm high0.9FO NZ IV110Echium vulgareEchiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeEchiumEchium wildpretiiEchium wildpretiiSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial3 to 6 feet1.8MO Bot Garden001Echium wildpretiiEchiumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesHydrocharitaceaeEgeriaEgeria densaEgeria densaWild1MonocotsherbperennialVigorous submersed perennialNAFO NZ III001Egeria densaEgeriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEhrhartaEhrharta calycinaEhrharta calycinaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial50-80 cm0.8FO NZ V001Ehrharta calycinaEhrhartaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEhrhartaEhrharta erectaEhrharta erectaWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial(20)-30-80-(140) cm1.4FO NZ V001Ehrharta erectaEhrhartaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEhrhartaEhrharta longifloraEhrharta longifloraWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual60-100 cm1FO NZ V100Ehrharta longifloraEhrhartaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEhrhartaEhrharta villosaEhrharta villosaWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 200 cm2FO NZ V001Ehrharta villosaEhrhartaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCommelinalesPontederiaceaeEichhorniaEichhornia crassipesEichhornia crassipesWild0Monocotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ III001Eichhornia crassipesEichhorniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesElaeagnaceaeElaeagnusElaeagnus ×reflexaElaeagnus ×reflexaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialstems to c. 20 m long, often ± scrambling20FO NZ IV001Elaeagnus x reflexaElaeagnusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesElaeagnaceaeElaeagnusElaeagnus angustifoliaElaeagnus angustifoliaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialTree, Height: 12-20 ft; Shrubs or small trees, 3-7(-10) m tallNAMO Bot Garden; FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesElaeagnaceaeElaeagnusElaeagnus macrophyllaElaeagnus macrophyllaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialBroadleaf evergreen, Height: 8-12 ft; Shrubs, evergreen, slightly scandentNAMO Bot Garden; FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesElaeocarpaceaeElaeocarpusElaeocarpus reticulatusElaeocarpus reticulatusSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialbetween 3-15m tall15ANBG001Elaeocarpus reticulatusElaeocarpusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEleusineEleusine indicaEleusine indicaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual10-60-(90) cm0.9FO NZ V100Eleusine indicaEleusineFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEleusineEleusine tristachyaEleusine tristachyaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial14-20 cm0.2FO NZ V001Eleusine tristachyaEleusineFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesHydrocharitaceaeElodeaElodea canadensisElodea canadensisWild1Monocotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ III001Elodea canadensisElodeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeElsholtziaElsholtzia flavaElsholtzia flavaSometimes present0Dicotssubshrubperennial0.6-2.6 m tall2.6FO China001Elsholtzia flavaElsholtziaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeElytrigiaElytrigia pycnanthaElytrigia pycnanthaWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial35-125 cm1.25FO NZ V001Elytrigia pycnanthaElytrigiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeElytrigiaElytrigia repensElytrigia repensWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial30-150-(200) cm2FO NZ V001Elytrigia repensElytrigiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeEmbothriumEmbothrium coccineumEmbothrium coccineumWild1Dicotstreeperennialto c. 10 m high10Webb et al. 1995001Embothrium coccineumEmbothriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeEmexEmex australisEmex australisWild0DicotsherbannualprostrateNAFO NZ IV100Emex australisEmexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaZingiberalesMusaceaeEnseteEnsete ventricosumEnsete ventricosumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial6-12 m high12POWO001Ensete ventricosumEnseteCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEntolasiaEntolasia marginataEntolasia marginataWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 20-85 cm0.85FO NZ V001Entolasia marginataEntolasiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeEomeconEomecon chionanthaEomecon chionanthaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1 to 1.5 feet0.45MO Bot Garden001Eomecon chionanthaEomeconCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEpacrisEpacris microphyllaEpacris microphyllaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialErect, multibranched shrub to 100 cm high, sometimes to 180 cmNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEpacrisEpacris purpurascensEpacris purpurascensWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Epacris purpurascensEpacrisFully naturalised TracheophytaGnetopsidaEphedralesEphedraceaeEphedraEphedra campylopodaEphedra campylopodaSometimes present0GymnospermsshrubperennialNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesOrchidaceaeEpidendrumEpidendrum ibaguenseEpidendrum ibaguenseSometimes present0Monocotsherbperennialterrestrial or epiphytic herbs with stems from about 0.1 to 1 m. long, erect, pendent or sprawlingNATROPICOS001Epidendrum ibaguenseEpidendrumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeEpilobiumEpilobium ciliatumEpilobium ciliatumWild0Dicotsherbperennial15-200 cm tall2FO NZ IV001Epilobium ciliatumEpilobiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeEpilobiumEpilobium hirsutumEpilobium hirsutumWildCHR 6460660DicotsherbperennialHerbs...perennial, sometimes woody near base... Stems 25-120(-250) cm tall2.5FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeEpilobiumEpilobium montanumEpilobium montanumWild0Dicotsherbperennial(5)-20-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV001Epilobium montanumEpilobiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeEpilobiumEpilobium obscurumEpilobium obscurumWild0Dicotsherbperennial20-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Epilobium obscurumEpilobiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeEpilobiumEpilobium parviflorumEpilobium parviflorumWild0Dicotsherbperennial20-140 cm tall1.4FO NZ IV001Epilobium parviflorumEpilobiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeEpilobiumEpilobium tetragonumEpilobium tetragonumWild0Dicotsherbperennial10-130 cm tall1.3FO NZ IV001Epilobium tetragonumEpilobiumFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaEquisetalesEquisetaceaeEquisetumEquisetum arvenseEquisetum arvenseWild1FernsAndAlliesherbperennial10-80 cm0.8FO NZ IV001Equisetum arvenseEquisetumFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaEquisetalesEquisetaceaeEquisetumEquisetum fluviatileEquisetum fluviatileSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesherbperennial1.5-4 ft tall1.2IL Wildflowers001Equisetum fluviatileEquisetumCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaEquisetalesEquisetaceaeEquisetumEquisetum hyemaleEquisetum hyemaleWild0FernsAndAlliesherbperennial2-5 ft tall1.5IL Wildflowers001Equisetum hyemaleEquisetumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEragrostisEragrostis amabilisEragrostis amabilisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual or perennialAnnual/perennial Graminoid; Erect or ascending annual, grass-like or herb, 0.06-0.6 m high; (as Eragrostis tenella) Delicate tufted annual; culms 6-50 cm high, erect or geniculately ascending0.6USDA PLANTS; WA Flora; FO Pakistan111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEragrostisEragrostis browniiEragrostis browniiWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial15-60-(70) cm0.7FO NZ V001Eragrostis browniiEragrostisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEragrostisEragrostis cilianensisEragrostis cilianensisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual12-60 cm0.6FO NZ V100Eragrostis cilianensisEragrostisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEragrostisEragrostis curvulaEragrostis curvulaWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 70 cm0.7FO NZ V001Eragrostis curvulaEragrostisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEragrostisEragrostis diffusaEragrostis diffusaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual(as Eragrostis pectinacea) Plants annual, forming tufts. Flowering stems 8–60 cm long0.6TROPICOS100Eragrostis diffusaEragrostisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEragrostisEragrostis mexicanaEragrostis mexicanaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual12-120 cm tall1.2AusGrass2100Eragrostis mexicanaEragrostisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEragrostisEragrostis minorEragrostis minorSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseannual0.5-1.5 ft tall0.45IL Wildflowers100Eragrostis minorEragrostisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEragrostisEragrostis multicaulisEragrostis multicaulisWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualAnnual. Culms tufted, erect or ascending, geniculate at baseNANZPCN; FO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEragrostisEragrostis pilosaEragrostis pilosaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual8-83 cm tall0.83AusGrass2100Eragrostis pilosaEragrostisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEragrostisEragrostis planaEragrostis planaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 100 cm1FO NZ V001Eragrostis planaEragrostisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeEragrostisEragrostis tenuifoliaEragrostis tenuifoliaSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialTufted perennial to 0.7 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeEranthisEranthis hyemalisEranthis hyemalisSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial0.25 to 0.5 feet0.15MO Bot Garden001Eranthis hyemalisEranthisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeErechtitesErechtites hieraciifoliusErechtites hieraciifoliusWild0Dicotsherbannualup to c. 2 m tall2FO NZ IV100Erechtites hieraciifoliaErechtitesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeErechtitesErechtites valerianifoliaErechtites valerianifoliaWild0Dicotsherbannual0.5 -c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Erechtites valerianifoliaErechtitesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeEremophilaEremophila debilisEremophila debilisSometimes present0Dicotssubshrubperennial(as Myoporum debile) Low, spreading subshrub, with mound-forming habit; Some forms may be partially upright in habit to about half a metre0.5FO NZ IV; ANPS001Eremophila debilisEremophilaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeErepsiaErepsia heteropetalaErepsia heteropetalaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialsmall, succulent erect to procumbent shrubNABritFlora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEricaErica arboreaErica arboreaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Erica arboreaEricaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEricaErica baccansErica baccansWild1Dicotsshrubperennialfrom c. 0.1-2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV001Erica baccansEricaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEricaErica caffraErica caffraWild1Dicotsshrubperennialgenerally 0.5-3-(4) m high4FO NZ IV001Erica caffraEricaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEricaErica carneaErica carneaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialdwarf, spreading, evergreen shrub, 0.1-0.5m height0.5RHS UK001Erica carneaEricaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEricaErica cinereaErica cinereaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial to c. 30 cm high, sometimes low and mat-forming0.3FO NZ IV001Erica cinereaEricaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEricaErica lusitanicaErica lusitanicaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Erica lusitanicaEricaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEricaErica melantheraErica melantheraSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialperennial-Shrub Ht up to 0.7 m0.7CJB Africa001Erica melantheraEricaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEricaErica sparsaErica sparsaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialerect shrub about 1 m tallNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEricaErica tetralixErica tetralixSometimes present0Dicotsshrub-subshrubperennialPerennial, shrub, subshrubNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeEricaErica vagansErica vagansWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 50-(70) cm high0.7FO NZ IV001Erica vagansEricaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeErigeronErigeron annuusErigeron annuusWild0Dicotsherbannual20-100-(150) cm tall1.5FO NZ IV100Erigeron annuusErigeronFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeErigeronErigeron bonariensisErigeron bonariensisWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(as Conyza bonariensis) up to 1.2 m tall1.2FO NZ IV110Conyza bonariensisConyzaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeErigeronErigeron canadensisErigeron canadensisWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(as Conyza canadensis) up to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV110Conyza canadensisConyzaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeErigeronErigeron floribundusErigeron bilbaoanusWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(as Conyza bilbaoana) up to 1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV110Conyza bilbaoanaConyzaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeErigeronErigeron karvinskianusErigeron karvinskianusWild1DicotsherbperennialProcumbent to ascending perennial herbNAFO NZ IV001Erigeron karvinskianusErigeronFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeErigeronErigeron philadelphicusErigeron philadelphicusSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennial or short-lived perennial0.75-2.5 ft tall0.75IL Wildflowers011Erigeron philadelphicusErigeronCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeErigeronErigeron sumatrensisErigeron sumatrensisWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(as Conyza albida) up to 2-(2.5) m tall2.5FO NZ IV110Conyza albidaConyzaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeEriobotryaEriobotrya japonicaEriobotrya japonicaWild1Dicotstreeperennialup to 8 m high8FO NZ IV001Eriobotrya japonicaEriobotryaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeErodiumErodium botrysErodium botrysWild0Dicotsherbannual or possibly biennial0.01-0.2 m high0.2WA Flora110Erodium botrysErodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeErodiumErodium cicutariumErodium cicutariumWild0Dicotsherbannualfrom prostrate to c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV100Erodium cicutariumErodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeErodiumErodium malacoidesErodium malacoidesWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 20 cm long0.2FO NZ IV100Erodium malacoidesErodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeErodiumErodium moschatumErodium moschatumWild0Dicotsherbannualfrom prostrate to c. 60 cm high0.6FO NZ IV100Erodium moschatumErodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeErodiumErodium trifoliumErodium trifoliumSometimes present0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeErucaEruca vesicariaEruca vesicariaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual0.75-3 ft tall0.9IL Wildflowers100Eruca vesicariaErucaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeEryngiumEryngium amethystinumEryngium amethystinumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Eryngium amethystinumEryngiumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeEryngiumEryngium campestreEryngium campestreWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 70 cm high0.7FO NZ IV001Eryngium campestreEryngiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeEryngiumEryngium maritimumEryngium maritimumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPlanta perenne, Tallos de 15-40(-50) cm0.5Flora Vascular001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeEryngiumEryngium pandanifoliumEryngium pandanifoliumWild0Dicotsherbperennial1-3 m high3FO NZ IV001Eryngium pandanifoliumEryngiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeEryngiumEryngium planumEryngium planumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 2-3 ft0.9MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeErysimumErysimum cheiranthoidesErysimum cheiranthoidesWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Erysimum cheiranthoidesErysimumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeErysimumErysimum cheiriErysimum cheiriWild0Dicotsherbperennial0.5 to 2 feet0.6MO Bot Garden001Erysimum cheiriErysimumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPhrymaceaeErythrantheErythranthe guttataErythranthe guttataWild1Dicotsherbperennial(as Mimulus guttatus) to c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Mimulus guttatusMimulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPhrymaceaeErythrantheErythranthe luteaErythranthe luteaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Mimulus luteus) to 0.3 m0.3PFAF001Mimulus luteusMimulusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPhrymaceaeErythrantheErythranthe moschataErythranthe moschataWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Mimulus moschatus) to c. 30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV001Mimulus moschatusMimulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeErythrinaErythrina ×sykesiiErythrina ×sykesiiWild1Dicotstreeperennialup to 12-(18) m high18FO NZ IV001Erythrina x sykesiiErythrinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeErythrinaErythrina caffraErythrina caffraSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree (3,5-)7-18 m18CJB Africa001Erythrina caffraErythrinaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeErythrinaErythrina crista-galliErythrina crista-galliWild0DicotstreeperennialSmall to medium-sized deciduous treeNAWebb et al. 1995001Erythrina crista-galliErythrinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeErythrinaErythrina falcataErythrina falcataSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree or treeletNATROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEscallonialesEscalloniaceaeEscalloniaEscallonia ×exoniensisEscallonia ×exoniensisWild0Dicotsshrubperennial4-6 m6Heenan et al. 2002001Escallonia x exoniensisEscalloniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEscallonialesEscalloniaceaeEscalloniaEscallonia bifidaEscallonia bifidaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 3 m high, sometimes taller and forming a small tree3FO NZ IV001Escallonia bifidaEscalloniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEscallonialesEscalloniaceaeEscalloniaEscallonia rubraEscallonia rubraWild0DicotsshrubperennialDensely branched shrub up to 2–(4) m high; up to 2-(4) m high4eFloraNZ001Escallonia rubra EscalloniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeEschscholziaEschscholzia californicaEschscholzia californicaWild0Dicotsherbannual or perennial10-30-(40) cm tall0.4FO NZ IV111Eschscholzia californicaEschscholziaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus agglomerataEucalyptus agglomerataSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree to 40 m tall, small to medium-sized stringybark treeNAANBG001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus bancroftiiEucalyptus bancroftiiSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree to 30 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus botryoidesEucalyptus botryoidesWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 40 m tall40EUCLID001Eucalyptus botryoidesEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus cinereaEucalyptus cinereaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 15 m tall15Webb et al. 1995; EUCLID001Eucalyptus cinereaEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus cordataEucalyptus cordataSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub to medium sized treeNAALA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus crenulataEucalyptus crenulataSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree to 10 m tallNAVic Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus cypellocarpaEucalyptus cypellocarpaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 65 m tall65EUCLID001Eucalyptus cypellocarpaEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus delegatensisEucalyptus delegatensisWild1Dicotstreeperennialto 50 m (rarely 90 m) tall90EUCLID001Eucalyptus delegatensisEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus dendromorphaEucalyptus dendromorphaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 30 m tall30EUCLID001Eucalyptus dendromorphaEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus elataEucalyptus elataSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 40 m tall40EUCLID001Eucalyptus elataEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus eugenioidesEucalyptus eugenioidesWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 25 m tall25Webb et al. 1995; EUCLID001Eucalyptus eugenioidesEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus fastigataEucalyptus fastigataWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 30 m high30Heenan et al. 1999001Eucalyptus fastigataEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus globulusEucalyptus globulusWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 70 m tall70EUCLID001Eucalyptus globulusEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandisWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 55 (-75) m tall75Webb et al. 1995; EUCLID001Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus gunniiEucalyptus gunniiWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 10 m high10FO NZ IV001Eucalyptus gunniiEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus leucoxylonEucalyptus leucoxylonSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 25 m tall25EUCLID001Eucalyptus leucoxylonEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus macarthuriiEucalyptus macarthuriiSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 40 m tall40EUCLID001Eucalyptus macarthuriiEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus muellerianaEucalyptus muellerianaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 40 m tall40EUCLID001Eucalyptus muellerianaEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus nicholiiEucalyptus nicholiiSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 15 m tall15EUCLID001Eucalyptus nicholiiEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus nitensEucalyptus nitensWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 70 m tall70Webb et al. 1995; EUCLID001Eucalyptus nitensEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus obliquaEucalyptus obliquaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 90 m tall90EUCLID001Eucalyptus obliquaEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus ovataEucalyptus ovataWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 20 m tall 20EUCLID001Eucalyptus ovataEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus pilularisEucalyptus pilularisWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 70 m tall70EUCLID001Eucalyptus pilularisEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus piperitaEucalyptus piperitaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree to 20 m high; to 20 m tall20NSW Flora; EUCLID001Eucalyptus piperitaEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus pulchellaEucalyptus pulchellaWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to c. 30 m high in cultivation30FO NZ IV001Eucalyptus pulchellaEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus punctataEucalyptus punctataSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 35 m tall35EUCLID001Eucalyptus punctataEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus regnansEucalyptus regnansWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 90 m tall90EUCLID001Eucalyptus regnansEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus resiniferaEucalyptus resiniferaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 45 m tall45EUCLID001Eucalyptus resiniferaEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus robustaEucalyptus robustaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 30 m tall30Webb et al. 1995; EUCLID001Eucalyptus robustaEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus salignaEucalyptus salignaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 55 m tall55EUCLID001Eucalyptus salignaEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus sideroxylonEucalyptus sideroxylonSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 25 m tall25EUCLID001Eucalyptus sideroxylonEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus sieberiEucalyptus sieberiSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 35 m tall35EUCLID001Eucalyptus sieberiEucalyptusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus tenuiramisEucalyptus tenuiramisWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 25 m tall25EUCLID001Eucalyptus tenuiramisEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus tereticornisEucalyptus tereticornisWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 50 m tall50EUCLID001Eucalyptus tereticornisEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeEucalyptusEucalyptus viminalisEucalyptus viminalisWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 90 m tall90EUCLID001Eucalyptus viminalisEucalyptusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeEucomisEucomis comosaEucomis comosaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial1.5 to 2 feet0.6MO Bot Garden001Eucomis comosaEucomisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCelastralesCelastraceaeEuonymusEuonymus europaeusEuonymus europaeusWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree up to 6 m high6FO NZ IV001Euonymus europaeusEuonymusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCelastralesCelastraceaeEuonymusEuonymus fortuneiEuonymus fortuneiSometimes present0Dicotsvineperennialscrambling vineNAFO NZ IV001Euonymus fortuneiEuonymusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCelastralesCelastraceaeEuonymusEuonymus japonicusEuonymus japonicusWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree up to 7 m high7FO NZ IV001Euonymus japonicusEuonymusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCelastralesCelastraceaeEuonymusEuonymus pendulusEuonymus pendulusSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialsmall evergreen tree or a large shrub with a short trunkNAFO Pakistan001Euonymus pendulusEuonymusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCelastralesCelastraceaeEuonymusEuonymus phellomanusEuonymus phellomanusSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialDeciduous shrubs, 2-3(-5) m tall5FO China001Euonymus phellomanusEuonymusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeEupatoriumEupatorium cannabinumEupatorium cannabinumWild1Dicotsherbperennialup to 1.8 m tall1.8Heenan et al. 1999001Eupatorium cannabinumEupatoriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia amygdaloidesEuphorbia amygdaloidesWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 0.5 m tall0.5Webb et al. 1995001Euphorbia amygdaloidesEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia characiasEuphorbia characiasWild0Dicotsherbperennial50-80-(120) cm high1.2FO NZ IV001Euphorbia characiasEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia cyparissiasEuphorbia cyparissiasWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV001Euphorbia cyparissiasEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia dulcisEuphorbia dulcisSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialbushy, compact, rhizomatous perennial that typically grows in a mound to 9-20” tall and as wide on erect stems0.5MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia exiguaEuphorbia exiguaWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 35 cm high0.35FO NZ IV100Euphorbia exiguaEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia helioscopiaEuphorbia helioscopiaWild0Dicotsherbannualup to c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV100Euphorbia helioscopiaEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia hirtaEuphorbia hirtaWild0Dicotsherbannual10-30 cm long0.3FO NZ IV100Euphorbia hirtaEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia lambiiEuphorbia lambiiSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialshrubNAIUCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia lathyrisEuphorbia lathyrisWild0Dicotsherbannual to biennialStems c. 30-120 cm high1.2FO NZ IV110Euphorbia lathyrisEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia maculataEuphorbia maculataWild0DicotsherbannualprocumbentNAFO NZ IV100Euphorbia maculataEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia mauritanicaEuphorbia mauritanicaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialabout 1.5 m high1.5PlantzAfrica001Euphorbia mauritanicaEuphorbiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia melliferaEuphorbia melliferaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperenniallarge shrub or small tree up to 15 m15IUCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia miliiEuphorbia miliiSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial3 to 6 feet; Shrubs, scrambling, many branched, 60-90 cm1.8FO China; MO Bot Garden001Euphorbia miliiEuphorbiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia myrsinitesEuphorbia myrsinitesSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height 0.5-1 ft0.3MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia nutansEuphorbia nutansWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 40-(50) cm long0.5FO NZ IV100Euphorbia nutansEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia oblongataEuphorbia oblongataWildpreviously recorded as "Euphorbia depauperata Hochst. ex A.Rich." in New Zealand (and Australia)0DicotsherbperennialHerbs, perennial, with woody taproot. Stems erect...80 cm0.8FO NA001Euphorbia depauperataEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia paraliasEuphorbia paraliasSometimes present0Dicotsshrub-herbperennialGlaucous perennial to 70 cm high, glabrous, ± fleshy; stems branching from a woody base; Erect, bushy perennial, herb or shrub, 0.2-0.6 m high0.7NSW Flora; WA Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia peplusEuphorbia peplusWild0Dicotsherbannualstems 5-40 cm high0.4FO NZ IV100Euphorbia peplusEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia pineaEuphorbia pineaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual, biennial or perennial(as Euphorbia segetalis var pinea) hairless annual, biennial or perennial. Stems erect or ascending, simple or branched from the base, up to 40 cm tall0.4FO Gibraltar111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia pithyusaEuphorbia pithyusaSometimes present0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia platyphyllosEuphorbia platyphyllosWild0Dicotsherbannualstems up to c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV100Euphorbia platyphyllosEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia pulcherrimaEuphorbia pulcherrimaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialsmall tree or shrub up to 4 m tall4POWO001Euphorbia pulcherrimaEuphorbiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia schillingiiEuphorbia schillingiiSometimes present0Dicotsperennialrobust herbaceous perennial with erect leafy stemsNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia segetalisEuphorbia segetalisWild0Dicotsherbannualstems up to 35-(40) cm high0.4FO NZ IV100Euphorbia segetalisEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia serpensEuphorbia serpensSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual15-50 cm0.5FO NA100Euphorbia serpensEuphorbiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaEuphorbia strictaEuphorbia strictaWild0Dicotsherbannualstems up to c. 80 cm high0.8FO NZ IV100Euphorbia strictaEuphorbiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOrobanchaceaeEuphrasiaEuphrasia nemorosaEuphrasia nemorosaWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 15 cm tall0.15FO NZ IV100Euphrasia nemorosaEuphrasiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeEuryopsEuryops abrotanifoliusEuryops abrotanifoliusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialup to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Euryops abrotanifoliusEuryopsCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeEuryopsEuryops chrysanthemoidesEuryops chrysanthemoidesWild0Dicotsshrubperennialperennial- Shrub- Ht 0.5 - 2 m2CJB Africa001Euryops chrysanthemoidesEuryopsCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeEuryopsEuryops pectinatusEuryops pectinatusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 1.5 m tall1.5POWO001Euryops pectinatusEuryopsCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeEuryopsEuryops virgineusEuryops virgineusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialevergreen shrub of up to 3.5 x 1.5 mNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeEutrochiumEutrochium purpureumEutrochium purpureumWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Eupatoriadelphus purpureus) up to 3 m tall3FO NZ IV001Eupatoriadelphus purpureusEupatoriadelphusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeEvolvulusEvolvulus nummulariusEvolvulus nummulariusSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbs perennial. Stems several, rooting at nodes, prostrate, 20-40 cmNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeExochordaExochorda racemosaExochorda racemosaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial10 to 15 feet4.5MO Bot Garden001Exochorda racemosaExochordaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeFacelisFacelis retusaFacelis retusaWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 30 cm long0.3Webb et al. 1995100Facelis retusaFacelisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeFagopyrumFagopyrum dibotrysFagopyrum dibotrysSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialStems 0.5 -1.5 m high1.5Webb et al. 1995001Fagopyrum dibotrysFagopyrumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeFagopyrumFagopyrum esculentumFagopyrum esculentumWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 70 cm high0.7FO NZ IV100Fagopyrum esculentumFagopyrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesFagaceaeFagusFagus sylvaticaFagus sylvaticaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial50 to 60 feet18MO Bot Garden001Fagus sylvaticaFagusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeFallopiaFallopia ×bohemicaFallopia ×bohemicaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 1.5-2.5 m. Stems usually clustered, erect, profusely branched, herbaceous, stiff, widespread hybrid between F. japonica and F. sachalinensis2.5FO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeFallopiaFallopia aubertiiFallopia aubertiiWild0DicotsherbperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Fallopia aubertiiFallopiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeFallopiaFallopia convolvulusFallopia convolvulusWild0DicotsherbannualclimberNAFO NZ IV100Fallopia convolvulusFallopiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeFallopiaFallopia japonicaFallopia japonicaWild1Dicotsherbperennial(as Reynoutria japonica) 1-2-(2.5) m tall2.5FO NZ IV001Reynoutria japonicaReynoutriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeFallopiaFallopia multifloraFallopia multifloraSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbs perennialNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeFallopiaFallopia sachalinensisFallopia sachalinensisWild1Dicotsherbperennial(as Reynoutria sachalinensis) 2-4 m high4FO NZ IV001Reynoutria sachalinensisReynoutriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesMoraceaeFatouaFatoua villosaFatoua villosaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualHerbs, annual, 30-80 cm tall0.8FO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeFatsiaFatsia japonicaFatsia japonicaWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree up to 2-(4) m high4FO NZ IV001Fatsia japonicaFatsiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeFeliciaFelicia amelloidesFelicia amelloidesSometimes present0Dicotssubshrubperennialup to 1 m tall1Webb et al. 1995001Felicia amelloidesFeliciaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeFeliciaFelicia fruticosaFelicia fruticosaWild0Dicotssubshrubperennialup to 1 m tall1Webb et al. 1995001Felicia fruticosaFeliciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeFeliciaFelicia petiolataFelicia petiolataSometimes present0Dicotssubshrubperennialup to 1 m tall1Webb et al. 1995001Felicia petiolataFeliciaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeFestucaFestuca filiformisFestuca filiformisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialculm to 30 cm30FO NZ V001Festuca filiformisFestucaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeFestucaFestuca ovinaFestuca ovinaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialculm 20-40 cm40FO NZ V001Festuca ovinaFestucaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeFestucaFestuca rubraFestuca rubraWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialculm 10-20-(45) cm 0.45FO NZ V001Festuca rubraFestucaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeFestucaFestuca trachyphyllaFestuca trachyphyllaWildCHR 1655610Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Festuca brevipila) Perennial graminoid; Plant densely tufted; shoots intravaginal. Culms 20–75 cm tallNAUSDA PLANTS; FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeFicariaFicaria vernaFicaria vernaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Ranunculus ficaria) stems erect, 15-30 cm long0.3Webb et al. 1995001Ranunculus ficariaRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesMoraceaeFicusFicus caricaFicus caricaWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree up to 10 m high10FO NZ IV001Ficus caricaFicusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesMoraceaeFicusFicus macrophyllaFicus macrophyllaSometimes present1Dicotstreeperennialto 35 m35PFAF001Ficus macrophyllaFicusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesMoraceaeFicusFicus pumilaFicus pumilaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscandent shrub, climberNAFO NZ IV001Ficus pumilaFicusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesMoraceaeFicusFicus religiosaFicus religiosaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperenniallarge broadleaf evergreen tree with wide-spreading branching that grows to 60-100 ft tallNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesMoraceaeFicusFicus rubiginosaFicus rubiginosaWild1Dicotstreeperenniallarge, spreading evergreen tree to 10m in height or more10RHS UK001Ficus rubiginosaFicusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeFilagoFilago pyramidataFilago pyramidataSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual5-30 cm high0.3FO Pakistan100Filago pyramidataFilagoCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeFilagoFilago vulgarisFilago vulgarisSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualautumn- or spring-germinating annualNABritFlora100Filago vulgarisFilagoCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeFilipendulaFilipendula rubraFilipendula rubraSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial6 to 8 feet2.4MO Bot Garden001Filipendula rubraFilipendulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeFilipendulaFilipendula ulmariaFilipendula ulmariaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV001Filipendula ulmariaFilipendulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeFilipendulaFilipendula vulgarisFilipendula vulgarisWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Filipendula vulgarisFilipendulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeFoeniculumFoeniculum vulgareFoeniculum vulgareWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Foeniculum vulgareFoeniculumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeForsythiaForsythia ×intermediaForsythia ×intermediaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialDeciduous shrub, Height: 6-9 ft, "hybrids between weeping forsythia (F. suspensa) and greenstem forsythia (F. viridissima)"NAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeForsythiaForsythia suspensaForsythia suspensaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial3 m high; Shrubs. Branches spreading or pendulous (includes Forsythia suspensa var sieboldii as synonym)3POWO; FO China001Forsythia suspensaForsythiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeFragariaFragaria ×ananassaFragaria ×ananassaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto 0.3 m0.3PFAF001Fragaria x ananassaFragariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeFragariaFragaria vescaFragaria vescaWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 15-(25) cm high0.25FO NZ IV001Fragaria vescaFragariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesFrancoaceaeFrancoaFrancoa sonchifoliaFrancoa sonchifoliaSometimes present0DicotsperennialPlanta perenne con el rizoma gruesoNAFO Chile001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRhamnaceaeFrangulaFrangula alnusFrangula alnusSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialPerennial, shrub, tree; Shrubs or small trees, 2–5(–7) mNAUSDA PLANTS; FO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRhamnaceaeFrangulaFrangula purshianaFrangula purshianaWild0Dicotstree-shrubperenniallarge shrub or small tree (2)-6-7 m tall7FO NZ IV001Frangula purshianaFrangulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeFraxinusFraxinus excelsiorFraxinus excelsiorWild1Dicotstreeperennialto c. 30 m high30FO NZ IV001Fraxinus excelsiorFraxinusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeFraxinusFraxinus ornusFraxinus ornusWild0DicotstreeperennialSmall deciduous treeNAWebb et al. 1995001Fraxinus ornusFraxinusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeFreesiaFreesia laxaFreesia laxaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Lapeirousia laxa) 0.75 to 1 feet0.3MO Bot Garden001Lapeirousia laxaLapeirousiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeFreesiaFreesia refractaFreesia refractaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems ± 20 cm high0.2FO NZ III001Freesia refractaFreesiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeFuchsiaFuchsia ×hybridaFuchsia ×hybridaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialPerennial, shrubNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeFuchsiaFuchsia bolivianaFuchsia bolivianaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Fuchsia bolivianaFuchsiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeFuchsiaFuchsia denticulataFuchsia denticulataSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 4 m4PFAF001Fuchsia denticulataFuchsiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeFuchsiaFuchsia magellanicaFuchsia magellanicaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 4 m high; Shrub; Arbusto, 1-4 m4FO NZ IV; TROPICOS001Fuchsia magellanicaFuchsiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeFuchsiaFuchsia paniculataFuchsia paniculataSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 8 m8PFAF001Fuchsia paniculataFuchsiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeFumariaFumaria bastardiiFumaria bastardiiWild0DicotsherbannualTufted, ± erect, rarely scrambling, annual herbNAFO NZ IV100Fumaria bastardiiFumariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeFumariaFumaria capreolataFumaria capreolataWild0Dicotsherbannualtrailing or climbingNAFO NZ IV100Fumaria capreolataFumariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeFumariaFumaria densifloraFumaria densifloraWild0DicotsherbannualscramblingNAFO NZ IV100Fumaria densifloraFumariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeFumariaFumaria muralisFumaria muralisWild0Dicotsherbannualscrambling to climbingNAFO NZ IV100Fumaria muralisFumariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeFumariaFumaria officinalisFumaria officinalisWild0Dicotsherbannualtufted or scramblingNAFO NZ IV100Fumaria officinalisFumariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeFurcraeaFurcraea foetidaFurcraea foetidaWild1Monocotsshrubperennial0.8-1.3 m1.3FO NZ III001Furcraea foetidaFurcraeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeFurcraeaFurcraea parmentieriFurcraea parmentieriWild0Monocotsshrubperennial(Furcraea) Robust, succulent to leathery, arborescent or acaulescent perennialsNAFO NZ III001Furcraea parmentieriFurcraeaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeFurcraeaFurcraea selloaFurcraea selloaSometimes presentAK 3014260MonocotsNANANANAFurcraea selloaFurcraeaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGaillardiaGaillardia ×grandifloraGaillardia ×grandifloraWild0Dicotsherbperennial20-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Gaillardia x grandifloraGaillardiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeGalanthusGalanthus nivalisGalanthus nivalisSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialBulb (bulbous perennial), Height: 0.5-0.75 ft0.2MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeGalegaGalega officinalisGalega officinalisWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 1.2 m1.2FO NZ IV001Galega officinalisGalegaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeGaleopsisGaleopsis ladanumGaleopsis ladanumSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualstems to c. 40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Galeopsis ladanumGaleopsisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeGaleopsisGaleopsis tetrahitGaleopsis tetrahitWild0Dicotsherbannualstems to c. 75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV100Galeopsis tetrahitGaleopsisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGalinsogaGalinsoga parvifloraGalinsoga parvifloraWild0Dicotsherbannual10-75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV100Galinsoga parvifloraGalinsogaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGalinsogaGalinsoga quadriradiataGalinsoga quadriradiataWild0Dicotsherbannual10-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Galinsoga quadriradiataGalinsogaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeGaliumGalium aparineGalium aparineWild0Dicotsherbannualprostrate or scrambling stems to 2 m longNAFO NZ IV100Galium aparineGaliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeGaliumGalium debileGalium debileWild0Dicotsherbperennialweak and stragglingNAFO NZ IV001Galium debileGaliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeGaliumGalium divaricatumGalium divaricatumWild0Dicotsherbannualforming tangled massesNAFO NZ IV100Galium divaricatumGaliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeGaliumGalium humifusumGalium humifusumWild0Dicotsherbperennialclambering to procumbent stems up to 1 m tallNAFO China001Galium humifusumGaliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeGaliumGalium mollugoGalium mollugoWild0Dicotsherbperennialsprawling stems to 30 cm longNAFO NZ IV001Galium mollugoGaliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeGaliumGalium muraleGalium muraleWild0Dicotsherbannualusually less than 20 cm tall0.2FO NZ IV100Galium muraleGaliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeGaliumGalium palustreGalium palustreWild0Dicotsherbperennialweak and stragglingNAFO NZ IV001Galium palustreGaliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeGaliumGalium uliginosumGalium uliginosumWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems weak, slender to c. 30 cm longNAFO NZ IV001Galium uliginosumGaliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeGaliumGalium verumGalium verumWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems decumbent to erect weak, to c. 75 cm longNAFO NZ IV001Galium verumGaliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGamochaetaGamochaeta americanaGamochaeta americanaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial10-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV110Gamochaeta americanumGamochaetaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGamochaetaGamochaeta calvicepsGamochaeta calvicepsWild0Dicotsherbannual5-15-(30) cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Gamochaeta calvicepsGamochaetaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGamochaetaGamochaeta coarctataGamochaeta coarctataWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial10-60-(75) cm tall0.75FO NZ IV110Gamochaeta coarctataGamochaetaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGamochaetaGamochaeta pensylvanicaGamochaeta pensylvanicaWild0Dicotsherbannual10-40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Gamochaeta pennsylvanicaGamochaetaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGamochaetaGamochaeta purpureaGamochaeta purpureaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial8-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV110Gamochaeta purpureaGamochaetaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGamochaetaGamochaeta simplicicaulisGamochaeta simplicicaulisWild0Dicotsherbannual40-120 cm tall1.2FO NZ IV100Gamochaeta simplicicaulisGamochaetaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGamochaetaGamochaeta subfalcataGamochaeta subfalcataWild0Dicotsherbannual7-40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Gamochaeta subfalcataGamochaetaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeGastridiumGastridium ventricosumGastridium ventricosumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual(9)-18-65 cm0.65FO NZ V100Gastridium ventricosumGastridiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeGaultheriaGaultheria mucronataGaultheria mucronataWild0Dicotsshrubperennial1.5 m1.5PFAF001Gaultheria mucronataGaultheriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeGaultheriaGaultheria shallonGaultheria shallonWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Gaultheria shallonGaultheriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeGauraGaura lindheimeriGaura lindheimeriSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial3 to 5 feet1.5MO Bot Garden001Gaura lindheimeriGauraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGazaniaGazania linearisGazania linearisWild0Dicotsherbperennialmat-forming, clumpingNAFO NZ IV001Gazania linearisGazaniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGazaniaGazania rigensGazania rigensWild0DicotsherbperennialStems sprawlingNAFO NZ IV001Gazania rigensGazaniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeGeitonoplesiumGeitonoplesium cymosumGeitonoplesium cymosumWild0MonocotsvineperennialVine with stems to 8 m longNANSW Flora001Geitonoplesium cymosumGeitonoplesiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeGenistaGenista ×spachianaGenista ×spachianaWildnothotaxon: stenopetala x monspessulana; Malécot, V.; Macquaire-Le Pocreau, N.; Auvray, G.; Kapusta, V. 2009: Polymorphic ITS as a tool to identify hybrids and their parents in cultivated Genisteae (Fabaceae). Acta horticulturae 836: 91-96.0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Genista spachiana) evergreen shrub…typically grows to 5-8’ tall2.4MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeGenistaGenista linifoliaGenista linifoliaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Teline linifolia) up to 2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV001Teline linifoliaTelineFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeGenistaGenista monspessulanaGenista monspessulanaWild1Dicotsshrubperennial(as Teline monspessulana) up to 2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV001Teline monspessulanaTelineFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeGenistaGenista stenopetalaGenista stenopetalaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Teline stenopetala) up to 6 m high6FO NZ IV001Teline stenopetalaTelineFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeGenistaGenista tinctoriaGenista tinctoriaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 1 m or more tall1Webb et al. 1995001Genista tinctoriaGenistaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium aequaleGeranium aequaleSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto 400 mm0.4NZPCN100Geranium aequaleGeraniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium dissectumGeranium dissectumWild0Dicotsherbannual± ascending branches to c. 50 cm long0.5FO NZ IV100Geranium dissectumGeraniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium endressiiGeranium endressiiSometimes present0Dicotsperennialsemi-evergreen perennial to 45cm in height, forming a clump of lobed leavesNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium gardneriGeranium gardneriWild0DicotsherbperennialProstrate or scrambling. Stems to 2m long.NAHeenan et al. 2008; Vic Flora001Geranium gardneriGeraniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium incanumGeranium incanumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial0.1-0.5 metres0.5RHS UK001Geranium incanumGeraniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium lucidumGeranium lucidumSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto 0.5 m0.5PFAF100Geranium lucidumGeraniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium maderenseGeranium maderenseWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 90 cm high in cultivation0.9FO NZ IV001Geranium maderenseGeraniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium molleGeranium molleWild0DicotsherbannualStems decumbent or ± ascending to c. 50 cm long0.5FO NZ IV100Geranium molleGeraniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium phaeumGeranium phaeumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, typically grows 18-30 inches tall0.76MO Bot Garden001Geranium phaeumGeraniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium pratenseGeranium pratenseWild0Dicotsherbperennial± erect flowering stems to c. 50 cm long0.5FO NZ IV001Geranium pratenseGeraniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium purpureumGeranium purpureumWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialsprawling to suberect branched stems to c. 30 cm long0.3FO NZ IV110Geranium purpureumGeraniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium pusillumGeranium pusillumWild0Dicotsherbannualto over 30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Geranium pusillumGeraniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium pyrenaicumGeranium pyrenaicumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialperennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium robertianumGeranium robertianumWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialStems decumbent to spreading, to 50 cm long.NAFO NZ IV110Geranium robertianumGeraniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium wallichianumGeranium wallichianumSometimes present0DicotsperennialPerennials. Stem 24-50 cm tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaeGeraniumGeranium yeoiGeranium yeoiWild0DicotsherbbiennialStems sprawling to ascending, to c. 70 cm long.NAFO NZ IV010Geranium yeoiGeraniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGerberaGerbera jamesoniiGerbera jamesoniiSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialperennial herbNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeGeumGeum aleppicumGeum aleppicumWild0Dicotsherbperennial60-80-(120) cm high1.2FO NZ IV001Geum aleppicumGeumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeGeumGeum urbanumGeum urbanumWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-40-(60) cm high0.6FO NZ IV001Geum urbanumGeumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCommelinalesCommelinaceaeGibasisGibasis pellucidaGibasis pellucidaWild0MonocotsherbperennialPerennes, tallos hasta 100 cm o más, decumbentes o rastrerosNATROPICOS001Gibasis schiedianaGibasisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPolemoniaceaeGiliaGilia capitataGilia capitataSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual to perennialAnnual or perennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS111Gilia capitataGiliaCasual TracheophytaGinkgoopsidaGinkgoalesGinkgoaceaeGinkgoGinkgo bilobaGinkgo bilobaSometimes present0Gymnospermstreeperennialup to 40 m in height40POWO001Ginkgo bilobaGinkgoCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeGladiolusGladiolus ×colvilliiGladiolus ×colvilliiSometimes present0Monocotsperennial(as 'Albus' cultivar) upright, cormous perennial to about 60cm, with narrow, sword-shaped leavesNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeGladiolusGladiolus ×hortulanusGladiolus ×hortulanusSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial"Most of the gladiolus sold today are hybrids which are commonly designated as Gladiolus x hortulanus", Bulb, height: 1.5-6 ft1.8MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeGladiolusGladiolus cardinalisGladiolus cardinalisSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPlants 550–900 mm high. Corm poorly developed, globose, 12–18 mm diam0.9TROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeGladiolusGladiolus carneusGladiolus carneusSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialperennial-Herb, Geophyte- Ht 0.2 - 0.5 m0.5CJB Africa001Gladiolus carneusGladiolusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeGladiolusGladiolus communisGladiolus communisSometimes present0Monocotsperennial(G. communis subsp byzantinus) bulbous perennial that features narrow sword-shaped basal leaves in a fan of 3-5 and erect flowering spikes to 24 inches tallNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeGladiolusGladiolus daleniiGladiolus daleniiWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Gladiolus natalensis) Stems ± 1.5 m high1.5FO NZ III001Gladiolus natalensisGladiolusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeGladiolusGladiolus tristisGladiolus tristisSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPlants 50–90(–150) cm. Corms tunicate, 10–20 mm diam1.5FO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeGladiolusGladiolus undulatusGladiolus undulatusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to 60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Gladiolus undulatusGladiolusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeGlauciumGlaucium corniculatumGlaucium corniculatumWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial10-15 cm tall0.15FO NZ IV110Glaucium corniculatumGlauciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeGlauciumGlaucium flavumGlaucium flavumWild0Dicotsherbbiennial or perennial20-30-(50) cm tall0.5FO NZ IV011Glaucium flavumGlauciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGlebionisGlebionis carinataGlebionis carinataSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual(as Chrysanthemum carinatum) to 0.6 m0.6PFAF100Chrysanthemum carinatumChrysanthemumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGlebionisGlebionis coronariaGlebionis coronariaWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Chrysanthemum coronarium) 15-120 cm tall1.2FO NZ IV100Chrysanthemum coronariumChrysanthemumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGlebionisGlebionis segetumGlebionis segetumWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Chrysanthemum segetum) (10)-20-75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV100Chrysanthemum segetumChrysanthemumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeGlechomaGlechoma hederaceaGlechoma hederaceaWild0DicotsherbperennialcreepingNAFO NZ IV001Glechoma hederaceaGlechomaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeGleditsiaGleditsia triacanthosGleditsia triacanthosSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialPerennial shrub or tree, 70 ft mature height21USDA PLANTS001Gleditsia triacanthosGleditsiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeGlyceriaGlyceria ×pedicellataGlyceria ×pedicellataWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm (25)-45-75 cm0.75FO NZ V001Glyceria x pedicellataGlyceriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeGlyceriaGlyceria declinataGlyceria declinataWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm (15)-25-45 cm0.45FO NZ V001Glyceria declinataGlyceriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeGlyceriaGlyceria fluitansGlyceria fluitansWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm (20)-45-75 cm0.75FO NZ V001Glyceria fluitansGlyceriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeGlyceriaGlyceria maximaGlyceria maximaWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm (5)-10-180 cm1.8FO NZ V001Glyceria maximaGlyceriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeGlyceriaGlyceria plicataGlyceria plicataWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 30-40-(65) cm0.65FO NZ V001Glyceria plicataGlyceriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeGlyceriaGlyceria striataGlyceria striataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial2-3.5 ft tall1.05IL Wildflowers001Glyceria striataGlyceriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGnaphaliumGnaphalium uliginosumGnaphalium uliginosumSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual5-20 cm tall0.2FO NZ IV100Gnaphalium uliginosumGnaphaliumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesThymelaeaceaeGnidiaGnidia squarrosaGnidia squarrosaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialshrub, up to 1m highNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeGomphocarpusGomphocarpus fruticosusGomphocarpus fruticosusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Gomphocarpus fruticosusGomphocarpusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeGomphocarpusGomphocarpus physocarpusGomphocarpus physocarpusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto around 1.5 m high1.5Webb et al. 1995001Gomphocarpus physocarpusGomphocarpusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeGomphrenaGomphrena celosioidesGomphrena celosioidesSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialperennial-Herb- Ht 0.07 - 0.35 m0.35CJB Africa001Gomphrena celosioidesGomphrenaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeGoodiaGoodia lotifoliaGoodia lotifoliaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Goodia lotifoliaGoodiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeGraptopetalumGraptopetalum paraguayenseGraptopetalum paraguayenseSometimes present0Dicotsperennial(G. paraguayense subsp paraguayense) Shrublets, stems decumbent or pendent, only basally branched, to more than 30 cm (subsp bernalense smaller in all parts)NAICN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeGreenoviaGreenovia aureaGreenovia aureaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Aeonium aureum) Monocarpic perennials, peduncle 15-35 cm0.35ICN001Greenovia aureaGreenoviaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeGrevilleaGrevillea aspleniifoliaGrevillea aspleniifoliaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial1-2 m high2Webb et al. 1995001Grevillea aspleniifoliaGrevilleaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeGrevilleaGrevillea juniperinaGrevillea juniperinaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialProstrate to erect shrub, 0.2–3 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeGrevilleaGrevillea robustaGrevillea robustaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 15 m tall15FO NZ IV001Grevillea robustaGrevilleaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeGrevilleaGrevillea rosmarinifoliaGrevillea rosmarinifoliaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialCompact to open shrub 0.3–2 m high, grades morphologically and ecologically from bushy to erect habit, to a variable shrubby to near-prostrate habit, to a consistently upright and dense-foliaged habitNAVic Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGuizotiaGuizotia abyssinicaGuizotia abyssinicaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto 1.8 m1.8PFAF100Guizotia abyssinicaGuizotiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGunneralesGunneraceaeGunneraGunnera manicataGunnera manicataSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, height 6-10 ft; Giant rhubarb-like herb to 4 m wide or more, dying back to the large creeping stems over winter3MO Bot Garden; NZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGunneralesGunneraceaeGunneraGunnera tinctoriaGunnera tinctoriaWild1DicotsherbperennialLvs to c. 2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV001Gunnera tinctoriaGunneraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeGymnocoronisGymnocoronis spilanthoidesGymnocoronis spilanthoidesWild1Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 1.7 m tall1.7Webb et al. 1995001Gymnocoronis spilanthoidesGymnocoronisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeGypsophilaGypsophila australisGypsophila australisWild0Dicotsherbannual2-10-(15) cm tall0.15FO NZ IV100Gypsophila australisGypsophilaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeGypsophilaGypsophila muralisGypsophila muralisSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS100Gypsophila muralisGypsophilaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeGypsophilaGypsophila paniculataGypsophila paniculataWild0Dicotsherbperennial(30)-40-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV001Gypsophila paniculataGypsophilaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeHageniaHagenia abyssinicaHagenia abyssinicaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialup to 18 m high18POWO001Hagenia abyssinicaHageniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeHainardiaHainardia cylindricaHainardia cylindricaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual10-30-(45) cm0.45FO NZ V100Hainardia cylindricaHainardiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeHakeaHakea drupaceaHakea drupaceaWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennial(as Hakea suaveolens) shrub or tree 1-4 m tall4eFloraSA001Hakea suaveolensHakeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeHakeaHakea erianthaHakea erianthaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialsmall tree or dense shrub 1-5 m tall5eFloraSA001Hakea erianthaHakeaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeHakeaHakea gibbosaHakea gibbosaWild1Dicotsshrubperennial0.9-3 m tall3eFloraSA001Hakea gibbosaHakeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeHakeaHakea salicifoliaHakea salicifoliaWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialtall shrub or small tree 3-5 m high5eFloraSA001Hakea salicifoliaHakeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeHakeaHakea sericeaHakea sericeaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto 4 m high4eFloraSA001Hakea sericeaHakeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesStilbaceaeHalleriaHalleria lucidaHalleria lucidaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialperennial-Tree, Shrub- Ht 0.3 - 12 m12CJB Africa001Halleria lucidaHalleriaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesHaloragaceaeHaloragisHaloragis asperaHaloragis asperaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 30 cm tall, stems annual0.3FO NZ IV001Haloragis asperaHaloragisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesAnacardiaceaeHarpephyllumHarpephyllum caffrumHarpephyllum caffrumSometimes present0Dicotstreeperenniallarge, evergreen tree that grows up to 15 m tallNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeHederaHedera canariensisHedera canariensisWild0Dicotsvineperennialwoody, climbing or creeping, evergreen vine, height 30 ftNANC State Ext001Hedera helix subsp. canariensisHederaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeHederaHedera colchicaHedera colchicaSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Hedera colchicaHederaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeHederaHedera helixHedera helixWild1DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Hedera helixHederaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaZingiberalesZingiberaceaeHedychiumHedychium flavescensHedychium flavescensWild1Monocotsherbperennial(1)-2-3 m high3FO NZ III001Hedychium flavescensHedychiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaZingiberalesZingiberaceaeHedychiumHedychium gardnerianumHedychium gardnerianumWild1MonocotsherbperennialStems to 2 m high2FO NZ III001Hedychium gardnerianumHedychiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeHedysarumHedysarum coronariumHedysarum coronariumWild0DicotsherbperennialScrambling or ± erectNAFO NZ IV001Hedysarum coronariumHedysarumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesLythraceaeHeimiaHeimia salicifoliaHeimia salicifoliaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialPerennial, shrubNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHeleniumHelenium autumnaleHelenium autumnaleSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial3-5 ft tall1.5IL Wildflowers001Helenium autumnaleHeleniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHeleniumHelenium puberulumHelenium puberulumWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialc. 0.5-1 m tall1FO NZ IV111Helenium puberulumHeleniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHelianthusHelianthus ×laetiflorusHelianthus ×laetiflorusWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV001Helianthus x laetiflorusHelianthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHelianthusHelianthus annuusHelianthus annuusWild0Dicotsherbannual0.4-c. 2 m tall2FO NZ IV100Helianthus annuusHelianthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHelianthusHelianthus salicifoliusHelianthus salicifoliusWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 2 m tall2Heenan et al. 1998001Helianthus salicifoliusHelianthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHelianthusHelianthus tuberosusHelianthus tuberosusWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 3 m tall3FO NZ IV001Helianthus tuberosusHelianthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHelichrysumHelichrysum argyrophyllumHelichrysum argyrophyllumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperenniallow growing ground coverNAPlantzAfrica001Helichrysum argyrophyllumHelichrysumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHelichrysumHelichrysum cymosumHelichrysum cymosumSometimes present0Dicotssubshrubperennial(as Helichrysum cymosum subsp cymosum) type: ground cover, shrub; spreading groundcover that can grow up to 1 m tall, but in the garden it is usually about 500 mm tall1CJB Africa001Helichrysum cymosumHelichrysumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHelichrysumHelichrysum petiolareHelichrysum petiolareWild0Dicotssubshrubperennial0.5m - 1m1Webb et al. 1995; PlantzAfrica001Helichrysum petiolareHelichrysumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeHelictotrichonHelictotrichon pubescensHelictotrichon pubescensSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialc. 65 cm0.65FO NZ V001Helictotrichon pubescensHelictotrichonCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeHeliophilaHeliophila coronopifoliaHeliophila coronopifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualabout 600 mm tall0.6PlantzAfrica100Heliophila coronopifoliaHeliophilaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeHeliotropiumHeliotropium amplexicauleHeliotropium amplexicauleSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial herb, prostrate to ascending, up to 15 cm highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeHeliotropiumHeliotropium arborescensHeliotropium arborescensSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 1 m1PFAF001Heliotropium arborescensHeliotropiumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeHeliotropiumHeliotropium europaeumHeliotropium europaeumSometimes present0DicotsherbannualHerbs annual, 20-50 cm tall0.5FO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeHelleborusHelleborus foetidusHelleborus foetidusSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialevergreen perennial that typically grows to 24 inches tall, Herbaceous perennial0.6MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeHelleborusHelleborus orientalisHelleborus orientalisSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1 to 1.5 feet0.45MO Bot Garden001Helleborus orientalisHelleborusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHelminthothecaHelminthotheca echioidesHelminthotheca echioidesWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial30-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV110Helminthotheca echioidesHelminthothecaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeHelosciadiumHelosciadium nodiflorumHelosciadium nodiflorumWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Apium nodiflorum) procumbent to ascending, aquatic or amphibiousNAFO NZ IV001Apium nodiflorumApiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeHemarthriaHemarthria uncinataHemarthria uncinataSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms to 100 cm1FO NZ V001Hemarthria uncinataHemarthriaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeHemerocallisHemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialLeaves 40-70-(90) x 1-3 cm0.9FO NZ III001Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeHemerocallisHemerocallis lilioasphodelusHemerocallis lilioasphodelusSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPlants 70-80 cm tall, deciduous in winter0.8FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeHeracleumHeracleum mantegazzianumHeracleum mantegazzianumWild0Dicotsherbbiennialup to 350 cm high3.5FO NZ IV010Heracleum mantegazzianumHeracleumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeHeracleumHeracleum sphondyliumHeracleum sphondyliumWild0Dicotsherbbiennial60-150-(200) cm high2FO NZ IV010Heracleum sphondyliumHeracleumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeHerniariaHerniaria glabraHerniaria glabraSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennial or perennialsprawlingNAFO NZ IV011Herniaria glabraHerniariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeHerniariaHerniaria hirsutaHerniaria hirsutaWild0Dicotsherbannual0-0.25 feet0.08FO NZ IV100Herniaria hirsutaHerniariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeHesperanthaHesperantha coccineaHesperantha coccineaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Schizostylis coccinea) Stems 60-90 cm0.9FO NZ III001Schizostylis coccineaSchizostylisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeHesperanthaHesperantha cucullataHesperantha cucullataSometimes presentCHR 6442240MonocotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeHesperisHesperis matronalisHesperis matronalisWild0Dicotsherbbiennial or perennialup to 1 m tall1FO NZ IV011Hesperis matronalisHesperisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMelastomataceaeHeterocentronHeterocentron elegansHeterocentron elegansSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialprostrateNAFO NZ IV001Heterocentron elegansHeterocentronCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMelastomataceaeHeterocentronHeterocentron subtriplinerviumHeterocentron subtriplinerviumSometimes present0Dicotsshrub-subshrubperennialHierbas o subarbustos 1-2 m2TROPICOS001Heterocentron subtriplinerviumHeterocentronCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesSaxifragaceaeHeucheraHeuchera sanguineaHeuchera sanguineaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1 to 1.5 feet0.45MO Bot Garden001Heuchera sanguineaHeucheraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDillenialesDilleniaceaeHibbertiaHibbertia hemignostaHibbertia hemignostaSometimes presentCHR 634045 (as Candollea teretifolia) - Armstrong Herbarium0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDillenialesDilleniaceaeHibbertiaHibbertia scandensHibbertia scandensSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialClimber with stems to 4 m longNANSW Flora001Hibbertia scandensHibbertiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeHibiscusHibiscus mutabilisHibiscus mutabilisSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrubs or small trees, erect, 2-5 m tall5FO China001Hibiscus mutabilisHibiscusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeHibiscusHibiscus syriacusHibiscus syriacusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 3 m3PFAF001Hibiscus syriaceusHibiscusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeHibiscusHibiscus tiliaceusHibiscus tiliaceusWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to c. 7 m high7FO NZ IV001Hibiscus tiliaceusHibiscusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeHibiscusHibiscus tridactylitesHibiscus tridactylitesSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialHerb 0.15-0.4(-1.3) m tall; Annual herb or short-lived perennial1.3NZPCN; NSW Flora111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHieraciumHieracium argillaceumHieracium argillaceumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial20-75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV001Hieracium argillaceum groupHieraciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHieraciumHieracium lepidulumHieracium lepidulumWild1Dicotsherbperennial15-75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV001Hieracium lepidulumHieraciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHieraciumHieracium murorumHieracium murorumWild0Dicotsherbperennial20-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Hieracium murorumHieraciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHieraciumHieracium pollichiaeHieracium pollichiaeWild0Dicotsherbperennial15-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV001Hieracium pollichiaeHieraciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHieraciumHieracium sabaudumHieracium sabaudumWild0Dicotsherbperennial50-75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV001Hieracium sabaudumHieraciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeHimalayacalamusHimalayacalamus falconeriHimalayacalamus falconeriWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms 2-2.5 m2.5FO NZ III001Himalayacalamus falconeriHimalayacalamusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeHippocrepisHippocrepis emerusHippocrepis emerusSometimes present0Dicotsperennialbushy, rounded, deciduous shrub to 2mNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeHirschfeldiaHirschfeldia incanaHirschfeldia incanaWild0Dicotsherbannual to perennial30-70-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV111Hirschfeldia incanaHirschfeldiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeHolcusHolcus lanatusHolcus lanatusWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial35-110 cm1.1FO NZ V001Holcus lanatusHolcusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeHolcusHolcus mollisHolcus mollisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial15-100 cm1FO NZ V001Holcus mollisHolcusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeHolosteumHolosteum umbellatumHolosteum umbellatumWild0Dicotsherbannual5-15-(20) cm tall0.1FO NZ IV100Holosteum umbellatumHolosteumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeHomalanthusHomalanthus populifoliusHomalanthus populifoliusWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree up to 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Homalanthus populifoliusHomalanthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeHordeumHordeum vulgareHordeum vulgareWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualAnnual, GraminoidNAUSDA PLANTS100Critesion vulgareCritesionFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPiperalesSaururaceaeHouttuyniaHouttuynia cordataHouttuynia cordataSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to 1 m in height1RNZIH001Houttuynia cordataHouttuyniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaArecalesPalmaeHoweaHowea belmoreanaHowea belmoreanaSometimes present0MonocotstreeperennialSlender palm to 12 m high12NSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaArecalesPalmaeHoweaHowea forsterianaHowea forsterianaSometimes present0MonocotstreeperennialSlender palm to 20 m tall20NSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesCannabaceaeHumulusHumulus lupulusHumulus lupulusWild1DicotsherbperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Humulus lupulusHumulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeHyacinthoidesHyacinthoides ×massartianaHyacinthoides ×massartianaWildnothotaxon: hispanica x non-scripta; the majority of the NZ plants in this genus are this hybrid. H. × massartiana is been sold in garden centers and nurseries0Monocotsbulbperennialhybrid between common bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Spanish bluebell (Hyacinthoides hispanica)NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeHyacinthoidesHyacinthoides hispanicaHyacinthoides hispanicaSometimes present0MonocotsbulbperennialBulb, Height: 0.75-1.5 ft0.45MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeHyacinthoidesHyacinthoides non-scriptaHyacinthoides non-scriptaWild0Monocotsbulbperennial(as Scilla non-scripta) clump forming perennial, 15-45 cm high Bulb; 1 to 1.5 feet0.45FO NZ III; MO Bot Garden001Hyacinthoides non-scriptaHyacinthoidesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeHyacinthusHyacinthus orientalisHyacinthus orientalisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial0.5 to 1 feet0.3MO Bot Garden001Hyacinthus orientalisHyacinthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesViolaceaeHybanthusHybanthus monopetalusHybanthus monopetalusSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto 60 cm high0.6NSW Flora001Hybanthus monopetalusHybanthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCornalesHydrangeaceaeHydrangeaHydrangea macrophyllaHydrangea macrophyllaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto 1.5-(3) m high3FO NZ IV001Hydrangea macrophyllaHydrangeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesHydrocharitaceaeHydrillaHydrilla verticillataHydrilla verticillataSometimes present1MonocotsherbperennialHerbs, submerged; Perennial forb/herbNAFO China; USDA PLANTS001Hydrilla verticillataHydrillaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAlismataceaeHydrocleysHydrocleys nymphoidesHydrocleys nymphoidesWild0MonocotsherbperennialHerbs to 50 cm, leaves submersed; Perennial forb/herb0.5FO NA; USDA PLANTS001Hydrocleys nymphoidesHydrocleysFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeHydrocotyleHydrocotyle bowlesioidesHydrocotyle bowlesioidesWild0DicotsherbperennialPerennial herb…stems slender, creeping, rooting at nodes...tap-rootsNAEcroyd 2007001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeHydrocotyleHydrocotyle leucocephalaHydrocotyle leucocephalaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHierbas terrestres, rastreras o decumbentes; Perennial herbNATROPICOS; NZPCN001Hydrocotyle leucocephalaHydrocotyleCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeHydrocotyleHydrocotyle tripartitaHydrocotyle tripartitaWild0DicotsherbperennialcreepingNAFO NZ IV001Hydrocotyle tripartitaHydrocotyleFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeHydrocotyleHydrocotyle umbellataHydrocotyle umbellataSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Hydrocotyle umbellataHydrocotyleCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeHydrocotyleHydrocotyle verticillataHydrocotyle verticillataWild0Dicotsherbperenniallow growing or aquaticNAHeenan et al. 2002001Hydrocotyle verticillataHydrocotyleFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesAcanthaceaeHygrophilaHygrophila ringensHygrophila ringensSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennials to 80 cm tall0.8FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeHymenolobusHymenolobus procumbensHymenolobus procumbensWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialStem procumbent (5)-7-15 cm longNAFO NZ IV110Hymenolobus procumbensHymenolobusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesPittosporaceaeHymenosporumHymenosporum flavumHymenosporum flavumSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTall shrub or small tree, rarely to 20 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeHyoscyamusHyoscyamus nigerHyoscyamus nigerWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialStems 30-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV110Hyoscyamus nigerHyoscyamusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum ×inodorumHypericum ×inodorumWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Hypericum x inodorumHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum androsaemumHypericum androsaemumWild1Dicotsshrub-subshrubperennialshrub or subshrub to c. 1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV001Hypericum androsaemumHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum calycinumHypericum calycinumWild0Dicotssubshrubperennialto 50-(80) cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Hypericum calycinumHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum canarienseHypericum canarienseSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial1-4 m high4eFloraNZ001Hypericum canarienseHypericumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum henryiHypericum henryiWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(H. henryi subsp henryi) to 3.5 m tallNAFO NZ IV001Hypericum henryi subsp. henryiHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum humifusumHypericum humifusumWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems prostrate or decumbent, to c. 30 cm long.NAFO NZ IV001Hypericum humifusumHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum kouytchenseHypericum kouytchenseWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV001Hypericum kouytchenseHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum linariifoliumHypericum linariifoliumWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 0.27 m high0.27Webb et al. 1995; eFloraNZ001Hypericum linariifoliumHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum montanumHypericum montanumWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Hypericum montanumHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum mutilumHypericum mutilumWild0Dicotsherbannual or perennialto c. 40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV111Hypericum mutilumHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum olympicumHypericum olympicumSometimes present0Dicotsperennialdwarf, deciduous sub-shrub to 25cm in heightNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum perforatumHypericum perforatumWild1Dicotsherbperennialto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Hypericum perforatumHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum pulchrumHypericum pulchrumWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 90 cm tall0.9FO NZ IV001Hypericum pulchrumHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesHypericaceaeHypericumHypericum tetrapterumHypericum tetrapterumWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Hypericum tetrapterumHypericumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHypochaerisHypochaeris glabraHypochaeris glabraWild0Dicotsherbannual, rarely perennial4-45-(60) cm tall0.6FO NZ IV111Hypochoeris glabraHypochoerisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHypochaerisHypochaeris radicataHypochaeris radicataWild0Dicotsherbperennial4-60-(150) cm tall1.5FO NZ IV001Hypochoeris radicataHypochoerisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeHypochaerisHypochaeris tweedieiHypochaeris tweedieiSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as H. brasiliensis var tweediei) Perennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Hypochoeris tweedieiHypochoerisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeIberisIberis amaraIberis amaraWild0Dicotsherbannual15-30 cm tall3FO NZ IV100Iberis amaraIberisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeIberisIberis umbellataIberis umbellataWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennial20-30-(60) cm tall0.6FO NZ IV111Iberis umbellataIberisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeIdesiaIdesia polycarpaIdesia polycarpaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 10 m10FO NZ IV001Idesia polycarpaIdesiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAquifolialesAquifoliaceaeIlexIlex ×altaclerensisIlex ×altaclerensisSometimes present0Dicotsperennialvariable hybrid forming anything from medium or large evergreen shrubs to small or medium-sized trees up to around 15m in heightNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAquifolialesAquifoliaceaeIlexIlex aquifoliumIlex aquifoliumWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree up to c. 12 m high; erect, pyramidal, densely-branched, evergreen tree that typically grows to 30-50 ft (less frequently to 80 ft) tall12MO Bot Garden001Ilex aquifoliumIlexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAquifolialesAquifoliaceaeIlexIlex opacaIlex opacaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialupright, pyramidal, evergreen tree that slowly matures to 15-30 ft in cultivation, but may reach 50 ft tall in the wildNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeIllecebrumIllecebrum verticillatumIllecebrum verticillatumWild0Dicotsherbannual0.05-0.2 m high0.2WA Flora100Illecebrum verticillatumIllecebrumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAustrobaileyalesSchisandraceaeIlliciumIllicium anisatumIllicium anisatumSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialEvergreen shrub or small tree to 5m tallNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesBalsaminaceaeImpatiensImpatiens balsaminaImpatiens balsaminaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual0.5 to 2.5 feet0.75MO Bot Garden100Impatiens balsaminaImpatiensCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesBalsaminaceaeImpatiensImpatiens glanduliferaImpatiens glanduliferaWild0Dicotsherbannualto 2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV100Impatiens glanduliferaImpatiensFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesBalsaminaceaeImpatiensImpatiens niamniamensisImpatiens niamniamensisSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or perennial0.5-1 metres1RHS UK111Impatiens niamniamensisImpatiensCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesBalsaminaceaeImpatiensImpatiens sodeniiImpatiens sodeniiWild1Dicotssubshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Impatiens sodeniiImpatiensFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesBalsaminaceaeImpatiensImpatiens textoriiImpatiens textoriiSometimes present0DicotsherbannualPlants annual, (30-)40-70(-100) cm tall1FO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesBalsaminaceaeImpatiensImpatiens wallerianaImpatiens wallerianaWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 50 cm high0.5Webb et al. 1995001Impatiens wallerianaImpatiensFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeImperataImperata cylindricaImperata cylindricaWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 20-50 cm0.5FO NZ V001Imperata cylindricaImperataFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeIndigoferaIndigofera heteranthaIndigofera heteranthaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 3 m3PFAF001Indigofera heteranthaIndigoferaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeIngaInga yngaInga yngaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialArboles, 8–15 (–20) m de altoNATROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeInulaInula conyzaeInula conyzaeWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Inula conyzaeInulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeInulaInula heleniumInula heleniumWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Inula heleniumInulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeInulaInula orientalisInula orientalisSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial60 to 90 centimetres0.9Hortipedia001Inula orientalisInulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeIochromaIochroma australeIochroma australeSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial1.5-2.5 metres2.5RHS UK001Iochroma australeIochromaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeIochromaIochroma gesnerioidesIochroma gesnerioidesSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrub or treeNATROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeIochromaIochroma grandiflorumIochroma grandiflorumWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2Webb et al. 1995001Iochroma grandiflorumIochromaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeIpheionIpheion uniflorumIpheion uniflorumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape erect, 15-20 cm high0.2FO NZ III001Ipheion uniflorumIpheionFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeIpomoeaIpomoea albaIpomoea albaWild0DicotsherbperennialTwining or trailingNAFO NZ IV001Ipomoea albaIpomoeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeIpomoeaIpomoea batatasIpomoea batatasWild0DicotsherbperennialTwining or trailingNAFO NZ IV001Ipomoea batatasIpomoeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeIpomoeaIpomoea indicaIpomoea indicaWild1DicotsherbperennialTwining or trailingNAFO NZ IV001Ipomoea indicaIpomoeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesConvolvulaceaeIpomoeaIpomoea purpureaIpomoea purpureaWild0DicotsherbperennialTwining or trailingNAFO NZ IV001Ipomoea purpureaIpomoeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris foetidissimaIris foetidissimaWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 60-80 cm high0.8FO NZ III001Iris foetidissimaIrisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris germanicaIris germanicaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems stout, to 1 m high1FO NZ III001Iris germanicaIrisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris innominataIris innominataSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialRhizomes freely branching, forming compact tufts...Stems simple, solid, slender, 2–2.5 dm0.25FO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris japonicaIris japonicaSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialRhizomes dimorphic, Leaves basal, sword-shaped, 25-60 × 1.5-3 cmNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris laevigataIris laevigataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 70cm in height0.7RHS UK001Iris laevigataIrisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris latifoliaIris latifoliaSometimes present0Monocotsperennialbulbous perennial to 60cm tall, with erect, narrowly lance-shaped leavesNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris monnieriIris monnieriSometimes present0MonocotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris orientalisIris orientalisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStrong clumps to 1.2 m tall1.2FO NZ III001Iris orientalisIrisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris pseudacorusIris pseudacorusWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 1 m high1FO NZ III001Iris pseudacorusIrisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris spuriaIris spuriaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 60-90 cm high0.9FO NZ III001Iris spuriaIrisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris unguicularisIris unguicularisSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialevergreen rhizomatous perennial with narrow leaves and erect stems bearing flowers, 0.1-0.5 m height (2-5 yrs)0.5RHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIrisIris xiphiumIris xiphiumSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial, forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeIsolepisIsolepis australiensisIsolepis australiensisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual0.03-0.055 m high0.055WA Flora100Isolepis australiensisIsolepisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeIsolepisIsolepis cernua var. platycarpaIsolepis cernuavar. platycarpaWildCHR 889380Monocotscaespitoseannual(as Isolepis platycarpa) Stems usually to 10 cm but occasionally to 16 cm high0.16FO NZ III100Isolepis platycarpaIsolepisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeIsolepisIsolepis levynsianaIsolepis levynsianaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual(as Cyperus tenellus) 2-10 cm high0.1FO NZ III100Cyperus tenellusCyperusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeIsolepisIsolepis marginataIsolepis marginataWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual(0.01-)0.02-0.2(-0.32) m high0.32WA Flora100Isolepis marginataIsolepisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeIsolepisIsolepis sepulcralisIsolepis sepulcralisWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualStems usually to 16 cm but occasionally to 30 cm high0.3FO NZ III100Isolepis sepulcralisIsolepisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeIsolepisIsolepis setaceaIsolepis setaceaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial3-15-(20) cm high0.2FO NZ III001Isolepis setaceaIsolepisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeIvaIva xanthiifoliaIva xanthiifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual(as Cyclachaena xanthiifolia) Annual forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS100Iva xanthiifoliaIvaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIxiaIxia maculataIxia maculataWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to 70 cm high0.7FO NZ III001Ixia maculataIxiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIxiaIxia paniculataIxia paniculataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 0.6 m high0.6WA Flora001Ixia paniculataIxiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeIxiaIxia polystachyaIxia polystachyaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 30-120 cm high1.2FO NZ III001Ixia polystachyaIxiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaeJacarandaJacaranda mimosifoliaJacaranda mimosifoliaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial6-18 m tall18FO Pakistan001Jacaranda mimosaefoliaJacarandaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeJacobaeaJacobaea aquaticaJacobaea aquaticaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial(as Senecio aquaticus) 20-70 cm tall0.7FO NZ IV010Senecio aquaticusSenecioFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeJacobaeaJacobaea maritimaJacobaea maritimaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Senecio cineraria) up to 60-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV001Senecio cinerariaSenecioFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeJacobaeaJacobaea vulgarisJacobaea vulgarisWild1Dicotsherbbiennial or perennial(as Senecio jacobaea) 30-120 cm tall1.2FO NZ IV011Senecio jacobaeaSenecioFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeJasioneJasione montanaJasione montanaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Jasione montanaJasioneCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeJasminumJasminum azoricumJasminum azoricumSometimes presentCHR 6493110DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeJasminumJasminum beesianumJasminum beesianumWild0DicotsshrubperennialLow scrambling or climbing shrubNAFO NZ IV001Jasminum beesianumJasminumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeJasminumJasminum humileJasminum humileWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV001Jasminum humileJasminumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeJasminumJasminum mesnyiJasminum mesnyiWild0Dicotsshrubperennialsuberect or rambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Jasminum mesnyiJasminumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeJasminumJasminum officinaleJasminum officinaleWild0Dicotsshrubperennialclimbing shrubNAFO NZ IV001Jasminum officinaleJasminumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeJasminumJasminum polyanthumJasminum polyanthumWild1Dicotsshrubperennialclimbing shrubNAFO NZ IV001Jasminum polyanthumJasminumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesJuglandaceaeJuglansJuglans ailantifoliaJuglans ailantifoliaWild1Dicotstreeperennialto c. 15 m high15FO NZ IV001Juglans ailantifoliaJuglansFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesJuglandaceaeJuglansJuglans nigraJuglans nigraSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialPerennial, treeNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesJuglandaceaeJuglansJuglans regiaJuglans regiaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto over 20 m high20FO NZ IV001Juglans regiaJuglansFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus acuminatusJuncus acuminatusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 30-80 cm high0.8FO NZ III001Juncus acuminatusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus acutiflorusJuncus acutiflorusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 30-100 cm high1FO NZ III001Juncus acutiflorusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus acutusJuncus acutusWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems (40)-60-100 cm1FO NZ III001Juncus acutusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus amabilisJuncus amabilisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 45-120 cm1.2FO NZ III001Juncus amabilisJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus ambiguusJuncus ambiguusWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual1.5-2 cm high0.02FO NZ III100Juncus ambiguusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus articulatusJuncus articulatusWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial6-60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Juncus articulatusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus brachycarpusJuncus brachycarpusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to 80 cm high0.8FO NZ III001Juncus brachycarpusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus bufoniusJuncus bufoniusWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual(2.5)-10-20-(40) cm high0.4FO NZ III100Juncus bufoniusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus bulbosusJuncus bulbosusWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial5-15-(25) cm high0.25FO NZ III001Juncus bulbosusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus canadensisJuncus canadensisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 15-90 cm high0.9FO NZ III001Juncus canadensisJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus capitatusJuncus capitatusWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual2.5-9-(15) cm high0.15FO NZ III100Juncus capitatusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus conglomeratusJuncus conglomeratusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 30-80 cm0.8FO NZ III001Juncus conglomeratusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus continuusJuncus continuusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 75-100 cm1FO NZ III001Juncus continuusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus effususJuncus effususWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 30-120 cm1.2FO NZ III001Juncus effususJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus ensifoliusJuncus ensifoliusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 15-70 cm high0.7FO NZ III001Juncus ensifoliusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus filicaulisJuncus filicaulisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 15-30-(60) cm0.6FO NZ III001Juncus filicaulisJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus flavidusJuncus flavidusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 50-70-(80) cm0.8FO NZ III001Juncus flavidusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus fockeiJuncus fockeiWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialc. 50-60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Juncus fockeiJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus gerardiiJuncus gerardiiWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 40-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ III001Juncus gerardiiJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus homalocaulisJuncus homalocaulisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 3-20 cm high0.2FO NZ III001Juncus homalocaulisJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus imbricatusJuncus imbricatusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 70 cm high0.7FO NZ III001Juncus imbricatusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus inflexusJuncus inflexusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 25-60 cm0.6FO NZ III001Juncus inflexusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus lomatophyllusJuncus lomatophyllusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 15-75 cm high0.75FO NZ III001Juncus lomatophyllusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus microcephalusJuncus microcephalusWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 15-90 cm high0.9FO NZ III001Juncus microcephalusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus procerusJuncus procerusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 100-150 cm1.5FO NZ III001Juncus procerusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus sonderianusJuncus sonderianusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Juncus dregeanus) Stems 20-30 cm high0.3FO NZ III001Juncus dregeanusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus squarrosusJuncus squarrosusWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial(15)-25-35 cm high0.35FO NZ III001Juncus squarrosusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus subnodulosusJuncus subnodulosusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 50-120 cm high1.2FO NZ III001Juncus subnodulosusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus subsecundusJuncus subsecundusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 30-40 cm0.4FO NZ III001Juncus subsecundusJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeJuncusJuncus tenuisJuncus tenuisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(J. tenuis subsp tenuis, subsp dichotomous) perennial to 60 cm highNAFO NZ III001Juncus tenuisJuncusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeJuniperusJuniperus communisJuniperus communisSometimes present0Gymnospermstree-shrubperennialShrubs or small trees dioecious, to 4 m (if trees, to 10 m), multistemmed, decumbent or rarely uprightNAFO NA001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeJuniperusJuniperus virginianaJuniperus virginianaSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees dioecious, to 30 m, single-stemmedNAFO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesAcanthaceaeJusticiaJusticia carneaJusticia carneaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial1-2 m high2Webb et al. 1995001Justicia carneaJusticiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeKalanchoeKalanchoe blossfeldianaKalanchoe blossfeldianaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 0.5-1.5 ft0.45MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeKalanchoeKalanchoe grandifloraKalanchoe grandifloraWild0Dicotssubshrubperennialto c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV001Kalanchoe grandifloraKalanchoeFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeKalanchoeKalanchoe marmorataKalanchoe marmorataSometimes present0DicotsperennialPerennial with erect stemsNACJB Africa001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeKennediaKennedia rubicundaKennedia rubicundaWild1DicotsherbperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Kennedia rubicundaKennediaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeKerriaKerria japonicaKerria japonicaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2Webb et al. 1995001Kerria japonicaKerriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeKickxiaKickxia elatineKickxia elatineWild0Dicotsherbannual or sometimes perennialstems trailing, sometimes mat-formingNAFO NZ IV111Kickxia elatineKickxiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeKickxiaKickxia spuriaKickxia spuriaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual25 cm0.25BritFlora100Kickxia spuriaKickxiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeKniphofiaKniphofia caulescensKniphofia caulescensSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 2-4 ft1.2MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeKniphofiaKniphofia gracilisKniphofia gracilisSometimes presentCHR 64498 A & B0MonocotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeKniphofiaKniphofia linearifoliaKniphofia linearifoliaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialrobust perennial which grows up to 1.5 m in height1.5PlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeKniphofiaKniphofia pumilaKniphofia pumilaSometimes present0MonocotsperennialClumped; linear leaves; deciduous. Flower stems up to 1 m tallNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeKniphofiaKniphofia rooperiKniphofia rooperiSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialrobust, evergreen perennial, which grows in groups up to 1.4 m tall1.4PlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeKniphofiaKniphofia rufaKniphofia rufaSometimes present0Monocotsuncertain nomenclatureNACJB AfricaNANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsphodelaceaeKniphofiaKniphofia uvariaKniphofia uvariaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial3 to 4 feet1.2MO Bot Garden001Kniphofia uvariaKniphofiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLaburnumLaburnum anagyroidesLaburnum anagyroidesWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to 7 m high7FO NZ IV001Laburnum anagyroidesLaburnumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeLachenaliaLachenalia aloidesLachenalia aloidesSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialBulbaceous, perennial, herb, to 0.3 m high0.3WA Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeLachenaliaLachenalia bulbiferaLachenalia bulbiferaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialup to 0.3 m high0.3PlantzAfrica001Lachenalia bulbiferaLachenaliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLactucaLactuca salignaLactuca salignaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial40-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV110Lactuca salignaLactucaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLactucaLactuca sativaLactuca sativaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialc. 20-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV110Lactuca sativaLactucaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLactucaLactuca serriolaLactuca serriolaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial50-150-(250) cm tall2.5FO NZ IV110Lactuca serriolaLactucaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLactucaLactuca virosaLactuca virosaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(50)-100-280 cm tall2.8FO NZ IV110Lactuca virosaLactucaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesHydrocharitaceaeLagarosiphonLagarosiphon majorLagarosiphon majorWild1Monocotsherbperennialaquatic herb, stems to 1 m longNAFO NZ III001Lagarosiphon majorLagarosiphonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeLagunariaLagunaria patersoniaLagunaria patersoniaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 20 m high20Heenan et al. 2004001Lagunaria patersoniaLagunariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLagurusLagurus ovatusLagurus ovatusWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual6-80 cm0.8FO NZ V100Lagurus ovatusLagurusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLamiumLamium albumLamium albumWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 50 cm0.5FO NZ IV001Lamium albumLamiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLamiumLamium amplexicauleLamium amplexicauleWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 30 cm0.3FO NZ IV100Lamium amplexicauleLamiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLamiumLamium confertumLamium confertumWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual herbNAWebb et al. 1995100Lamium confertumLamiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLamiumLamium galeobdolonLamium galeobdolonWild1Dicotsherbperennial(as Galeobdolon luteum) mat-formingNAFO NZ IV001Galeobdolon luteumGaleobdolonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLamiumLamium maculatumLamium maculatumWild0Dicotsherbperennial0.1-0.5 metres0.5Heenan et al. 2004; RHS UK001Lamium maculatumLamiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLamiumLamium purpureumLamium purpureumWild0Dicotsherbannualspreading to erect stems to c. 50 cm long 0.5FO NZ IV100Lamium purpureumLamiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeLampranthusLampranthus glaucusLampranthus glaucusWild0DicotsshrubletperennialBushy shrubletNAFO NZ IV001Lampranthus glaucusLampranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeLampranthusLampranthus multiradiatusLampranthus multiradiatusSometimes present0DicotssubshrubperennialPerennial, SubshrubNAUSDA PLANTS001Lampranthus “purple”LampranthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeLampranthusLampranthus spectabilisLampranthus spectabilisWild0DicotsshrubperennialBushy shrubNAFO NZ IV001Lampranthus spectabilisLampranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeLandoltiaLandoltia punctataLandoltia punctataWild0Monocotsherbannual(as Spirodela) Plants floating on water surface, budding from lateral pouches; (as Spirodela punctata) annual-Herb, Hydrophyte, PleustophyteNAFO NZ III; CJB Africa100Spirodela punctataSpirodelaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeLantanaLantana camaraLantana camaraWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2-(3) m high3FO NZ IV001Lantana camaraLantanaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeLantanaLantana montevidensisLantana montevidensisWild1Dicotsshrubperennialsemi-prostrate trailing shrub, stems to c. 20 cm high0.2FO NZ IV001Lantana montevidensisLantanaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLapsanaLapsana communisLapsana communisWild0Dicotsherbannual15-100-(150) cm tall1.5FO NZ IV100Lapsana communisLapsanaFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaeLarixLarix deciduaLarix deciduaWild1GymnospermstreeperennialSmall or medium-sized tree (large in cultivation); Trees to 40-50(-55) m tall55FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Larix deciduaLarixFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaeLarixLarix kaempferiLarix kaempferiSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 30-35(-40) m tall40Farjon 2010001Larix kaempferiLarixCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOrobanchaceaeLathraeaLathraea clandestinaLathraea clandestinaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialroot parasiteNAPOWO001Lathraea clandestinaLathraeaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLathyrusLathyrus aphacaLathyrus aphacaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto 0.9 m0.9PFAF100Lathyrus aphacaLathyrusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLathyrusLathyrus grandiflorusLathyrus grandiflorusWild0DicotsherbperennialScramblingNAFO NZ IV001Lathyrus grandiflorusLathyrusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLathyrusLathyrus japonicusLathyrus japonicusSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbs perennial, 15-50 cm tall0.5FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLathyrusLathyrus latifoliusLathyrus latifoliusWild0DicotsherbperennialScramblingNAFO NZ IV001Lathyrus latifoliusLathyrusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLathyrusLathyrus nissoliaLathyrus nissoliaWild0DicotsherbannualErect or ascending, 75 cm0.75FO NZ IV; BritFlora100Lathyrus nissoliaLathyrusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLathyrusLathyrus odoratusLathyrus odoratusWild0DicotsherbannualScramblingNAFO NZ IV100Lathyrus odoratusLathyrusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLathyrusLathyrus pratensisLathyrus pratensisWild0DicotsherbperennialScramblingNAFO NZ IV001Lathyrus pratensisLathyrusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLathyrusLathyrus sphaericusLathyrus sphaericusWild0DicotsherbannualScrambling, stems to c. 30 cm longNAWebb et al. 1995100Lathyrus sphaericusLathyrusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLathyrusLathyrus sylvestrisLathyrus sylvestrisWild0DicotsherbperennialScramblingNAFO NZ IV001Lathyrus sylvestrisLathyrusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLathyrusLathyrus tingitanusLathyrus tingitanusWild0DicotsherbannualScramblingNAFO NZ IV100Lathyrus tingitanusLathyrusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLauralesLauraceaeLaurusLaurus nobilisLaurus nobilisWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to c. 7 m 7FO NZ IV001Laurus nobilisLaurusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLavandulaLavandula angustifoliaLavandula angustifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 1.2 m1.2PFAF001Lavandula angustifoliaLavandulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLavandulaLavandula dentataLavandula dentataWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV001Lavandula dentataLavandulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLavandulaLavandula stoechasLavandula stoechasWild0DicotsshrubperennialSmall, densely branched shrubNAFO NZ IV001Lavandula stoechasLavandulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLeersiaLeersia oryzoidesLeersia oryzoidesWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 50 cm0.5FO NZ V001Leersia oryzoidesLeersiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeLegousiaLegousia speculum-venerisLegousia speculum-venerisSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto 0.3 m0.3PFAF100Legousia speculum-venerisLegousiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLensLens culinarisLens culinarisSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualup to 75 cm tall0.75POWO100Lens culinarisLensCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLeonotisLeonotis leonurusLeonotis leonurusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialfast-growing, soft-woody, robust shrub which grows up to 2-3m tall and 1.5m wideNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLeonotisLeonotis ocymifoliaLeonotis ocymifoliaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial1.5-2.5 m high2.5Webb et al. 1995001Leonotis ocymifoliaLeonotisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLeontodonLeontodon saxatilisLeontodon saxatilisWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Leontodon taraxacoides) (2)-10-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Leontodon taraxacoidesLeontodonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLeonurusLeonurus cardiacaLeonurus cardiacaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV001Leonurus cardiacaLeonurusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium africanumLepidium africanumWild0Dicotsherbperennial(10)-15-50-(90) cm tall0.9FO NZ IV001Lepidium africanumLepidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium bonarienseLepidium bonarienseWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(10)-20-45-(90) cm tall0.9FO NZ IV110Lepidium bonarienseLepidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium campestreLepidium campestreWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(10)-20-45 cm tall0.45FO NZ IV110Lepidium campestreLepidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium coronopusLepidium coronopusWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(as Coronopus squamatus) procumbentNAFO NZ IV110Coronopus squamatusCoronopusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium densiflorumLepidium densiflorumWild0Dicotsherbbiennialto 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV010Lepidium densiflorumLepidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium desvauxiiLepidium desvauxiiWild0Dicotsherbperennial20-45 cm tall0.45FO NZ IV001Lepidium desvauxiiLepidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium didymumLepidium didymumWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(as Coronopus didymus) procumbent to ascendingNAFO NZ IV110Coronopus didymusCoronopusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium divaricatumLepidium divaricatumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to 1 m high1NZPCN001Lepidium divaricatumLepidiumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium drabaLepidium drabaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Cardaria draba) (10)-25-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Cardaria drabaCardariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium heterophyllumLepidium heterophyllumWild0Dicotsherbperennial(5)-10-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV001Lepidium heterophyllumLepidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium hyssopifoliumLepidium hyssopifoliumWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Lepidium hyssopifoliumLepidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium peregrinumLepidium peregrinumWild0Dicotssubshrub-herbperennialPerennial herb to sub-shrub, usually 0.1–0.8 m tall0.8NZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium pseudohyssopifoliumLepidium pseudohyssopifoliumSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or perennialto 60 cm high0.6NSW Flora111Lepidium pseudohyssopifoliumLepidiumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium pseudotasmanicumLepidium pseudotasmanicumWild0Dicotsherbperennial10-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Lepidium pseudotasmanicumLepidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium ruderaleLepidium ruderaleWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialto 0.3 m0.3Webb et al. 1995; PFAF110Lepidium ruderaleLepidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium sativumLepidium sativumWild0Dicotsherbannual(10)-20-40-(90) cm tall0.9FO NZ IV100Lepidium sativumLepidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLepidiumLepidium virginicumLepidium virginicumWild0Dicotsherbannual15-40-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV100Lepidium virginicumLepidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeLeptospermumLeptospermum laevigatumLeptospermum laevigatumWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree 1-2-(7) m high7FO NZ IV001Leptospermum laevigatumLeptospermumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeLeptospermumLeptospermum minutifoliumLeptospermum minutifoliumSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrub to 2 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeLeptospermumLeptospermum morrisoniiLeptospermum morrisoniiSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrub or small tree, from c. 2 to more than 5 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeLeptospermumLeptospermum petersoniiLeptospermum petersoniiSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial4 m high4ANBG001Leptospermum petersoniiLeptospermumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeLeptospermumLeptospermum polygalifoliumLeptospermum polygalifoliumSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrub or tree; often 0.5 to 3 metres in height , or a slender to stout trunked tree to 7 metres or more7NSW Flora; ANPS001Leptospermum polygalifoliumLeptospermumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeLeptospermumLeptospermum spectabileLeptospermum spectabileSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial2-3 m high3ANBG001Leptospermum spectabileLeptospermumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeLeptospermumLeptospermum variabileLeptospermum variabileSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrub 1–2 m high or tree to more than 5 mNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLessertiaLessertia frutescensLessertia frutescensSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialsmall, soft-wooded shrublet, 0.5 to 1 m in heightNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeLeucadendronLeucadendron argenteumLeucadendron argenteumWild0Dicotstreeperennial7-10 m tall10PlantzAfrica001Leucadendron argenteumLeucadendronFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLeucaenaLeucaena leucocephalaLeucaena leucocephalaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrubs or small trees, 2-6 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLeucanthemumLeucanthemum ircutianumLeucanthemum ircutianumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial10 to 30 cm0.3Hortipedia001Leucanthemum ircutianumLeucanthemumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLeucanthemumLeucanthemum maximumLeucanthemum maximumWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Leucanthemum maximumLeucanthemumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLeucanthemumLeucanthemum vulgareLeucanthemum vulgareWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Leucanthemum vulgareLeucanthemumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeLeucojumLeucojum aestivumLeucojum aestivumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape 30-60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Leucojum aestivumLeucojumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLeucosceptrumLeucosceptrum canumLeucosceptrum canumSometimes presentCHR 6550440DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeLeucothoeLeucothoe axillarisLeucothoe axillarisSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial2 to 4 feet1.2MO Bot Garden001Leucothoe axillarisLeucothoeCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeLeycesteriaLeycesteria formosaLeycesteria formosaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto 2-(3) m high3FO NZ IV001Leycesteria formosaLeycesteriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLeymusLeymus arenariusLeymus arenariusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial60-140 cm1.4FO NZ V001Leymus arenariusLeymusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLeymusLeymus racemosusLeymus racemosusWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial75-150-(200) cm2FO NZ V001Leymus racemosusLeymusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLiatrisLiatris spicataLiatris spicataSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial2 to 4 feet1.2MO Bot Garden001Liatris spicataLiatrisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeLibertiaLibertia chilensisLibertia chilensisSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Libertia formosa) Stems 60–125 cm1.25FO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeLibertiaLibertia sessilifloraLibertia sessilifloraSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(Libertia) Tufted, shortly rhizomatous or stoloniferous herbs of grass-like habitNAFO NZ II001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLigulariaLigularia dentataLigularia dentataWild0DicotsherbperennialStem erect, 30-120 cm tall1.2FO China; USDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeLigustrumLigustrum lucidumLigustrum lucidumWild1Dicotstreeperennialto c. 10 m high10FO NZ IV001Ligustrum lucidumLigustrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeLigustrumLigustrum ovalifoliumLigustrum ovalifoliumWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Ligustrum ovalifoliumLigustrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeLigustrumLigustrum sinenseLigustrum sinenseWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to c. 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Ligustrum sinenseLigustrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeLigustrumLigustrum vulgareLigustrum vulgareWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub, occasionally a small tree to c. 5 m tall5FO NZ IV001Ligustrum vulgareLigustrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeLilaeopsisLilaeopsis brasiliensisLilaeopsis brasiliensisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHierba erecta; perennial creeping herbNATROPICOS; USDA APHIS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesLiliaceaeLiliumLilium ×hollandicumLilium ×hollandicumSometimes presentCHR 5722360MonocotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesLiliaceaeLiliumLilium formosanumLilium formosanumWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialStem c. 75 cm0.75FO NZ III001Lilium formosanumLiliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesLiliaceaeLiliumLilium lancifoliumLilium lancifoliumWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems 60-120 cm high1.2FO NZ III001Lilium tigrinumLiliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesLiliaceaeLiliumLilium longiflorumLilium longiflorumSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialBulb, Height: 2-3 ft0.9MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesLiliaceaeLiliumLilium maculatumLilium maculatumSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Lilium x maculatum) to 0.6 m0.6PFAF001Lilium x maculatumLiliumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesLiliaceaeLiliumLilium martagonLilium martagonSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialbulbous perennial herbNABritFlora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesLimnanthaceaeLimnanthesLimnanthes douglasiiLimnanthes douglasiiSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto 0.3 m0.3PFAF100Limnanthes douglasiiLimnanthesCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPlumbaginaceaeLimoniumLimonium bonduelliiLimonium bonduelliiWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Limonium bonduelliiLimoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPlumbaginaceaeLimoniumLimonium companyonisLimonium companyonisSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialflowering stems 10-30 cm high, leaves in a rosette0.3Vic Flora111Limonium companyonisLimoniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPlumbaginaceaeLimoniumLimonium sinuatumLimonium sinuatumSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Limonium sinuatumLimoniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPlumbaginaceaeLimoniumLimonium vulgareLimonium vulgareSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialperennial herbNABritFlora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeLimosellaLimosella curdieanaLimosella curdieanaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialsemi-aquaticNANSW Flora001Limosella curdieanaLimosellaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeLinariaLinaria alpinaLinaria alpinaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to 10 cm0.1RHS UK001Linaria alpinaLinariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeLinariaLinaria arvensisLinaria arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual(3)-7-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Linaria arvensisLinariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeLinariaLinaria genistifoliaLinaria genistifoliaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(L. genistifolia subsp dalmatica) to c. 1.2 m tallNAFO NZ IV001Linaria genistifolia subsp. dalmaticaLinariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeLinariaLinaria maroccanaLinaria maroccanaWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Linaria maroccanaLinariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeLinariaLinaria pelisserianaLinaria pelisserianaWild0Dicotsherbannual20-70 cm high0.7NSW Flora100Linaria pelisserianaLinariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeLinariaLinaria platycalyxLinaria platycalyxSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or perennialHierba perenne o anual, Tallos fértiles de 7-40 cm, de procumbentesa erectos0.4Flora Vascular111Linaria platycalyxLinariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeLinariaLinaria purpureaLinaria purpureaWild0DicotsherbperennialStems to c. 80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Linaria purpureaLinariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeLinariaLinaria repensLinaria repensWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Linaria repensLinariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeLinariaLinaria triornithophoraLinaria triornithophoraSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHierba perenne, Tallos fértiles de 50-130 cm, erectos1.3Flora Vascular001Linaria triornithophoraLinariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeLinariaLinaria vulgarisLinaria vulgarisWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Linaria vulgarisLinariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeLinnaeaLinnaea ×grandifloraLinnaea ×grandifloraSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Abelia x grandiflora) Shrubs, semi-evergreen, 1-1.5 m tall, Abelia ×grandiflora is a cultivated hybrid between A. uniflora and A. chinensis; to c. 2 m high2FO China; Webb et al. 1995001Abelia x grandifloraAbeliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeLinnaeaLinnaea amabilisLinnaea amabilisWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Kolkwitzia amabilis) usually 2-4 m high4Webb et al. 1995001Kolkwitzia amabilisKolkwitziaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesLinaceaeLinumLinum bienneLinum bienneWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialup to 80-(100) cm high1FO NZ IV111Linum bienneLinumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesLinaceaeLinumLinum catharticumLinum catharticumWild0Dicotsherbbiennialup to 30-(35) cm high0.35FO NZ IV010Linum catharticumLinumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesLinaceaeLinumLinum trigynumLinum trigynumWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 40 cm high0.4FO NZ IV100Linum trigynumLinumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesLinaceaeLinumLinum usitatissimumLinum usitatissimumWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 80-(100) cm high1FO NZ IV100Linum usitatissimumLinumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesHamamelidaceaeLiquidambarLiquidambar styracifluaLiquidambar styracifluaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial60 to 80 feet24MO Bot Garden001Liquidambar styracifluaLiquidambarCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMagnolialesMagnoliaceaeLiriodendronLiriodendron tulipiferaLiriodendron tulipiferaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial60 to 90 feet27Webb et al. 1995; MO Bot Garden001Liriodendron tulipiferaLiriodendronCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesSapindaceaeLitchiLitchi chinensisLitchi chinensisSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees, evergreen, often less than 10 m tall, sometimes to 15 m tall or moreNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaArecalesPalmaeLivistonaLivistona australisLivistona australisWild0Monocotstreeperennialtrunk 10-25 m high25FO NZ III001Livistona australisLivistonaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeLobeliaLobelia ×gerardiiLobelia ×gerardiiSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialc. 1 m high1Webb et al. 1995001Lobelia x gerardiiLobeliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeLobeliaLobelia erinusLobelia erinusWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 20 cm tall0.2FO NZ IV100Lobelia erinusLobeliaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeLobeliaLobelia giberroaLobelia giberroaSometimes present0DicotsperennialRobust plant, 2–9 m tall in flowerNAFO Zambia001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeLobeliaLobelia laxifloraLobelia laxifloraSometimes present0Dicotsherb-subshrubperennialPerennial, forb/herb, subshrubNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeLobeliaLobelia pedunculataLobelia pedunculataWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Pratia pedunculata) mat-formingNAWebb et al. 1995001Pratia pedunculataPratiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeLobeliaLobelia purpurascensLobelia purpurascensWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Pratia purpurascens) forms loose matsNAFO NZ IV001Pratia purpurascensPratiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeLobeliaLobelia siphiliticaLobelia siphiliticaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1-4 ft tall1.2IL Wildflowers001Lobelia siphiliticaLobeliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLobulariaLobularia maritimaLobularia maritimaWild0Dicotsherbusually perennial, rarely annual10-30-(45) cm tall0.45FO NZ IV111Lobularia maritimaLobulariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLogfiaLogfia gallicaLogfia gallicaWild0Dicotsherbannual5-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Logfia gallicaLogfiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeLogfiaLogfia minimaLogfia minimaWild0Dicotsherbannual3-20 cm tall0.2FO NZ IV100Logfia minimaLogfiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLoliumLolium ×holmbergiiLolium ×holmbergiiWildBanfi, E.; Galasso, G.; Foggi, B.; Kopecký, D.; Ardenghi, N.M.G. 2017: From Schedonorus and Micropyropsis to Lolium (Poaceae: Loliinae): New combinations and typifications. Taxon 66(3): 708-717.0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as ×Schedolium holmbergii) Culm 50-70 cm0.7FO NZ V001xSchedolium holmbergiixSchedoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLoliumLolium arundinaceumLolium arundinaceumWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 1.5 m1.5FO NZ V001Schedonorus phoenixSchedonorusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLoliumLolium multiflorumLolium multiflorumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual to biennial(20)-40-100-(130) cm1.3FO NZ V110Lolium multiflorumLoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLoliumLolium perenneLolium perenneWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial(10)-20-75 cm0.75FO NZ V001Lolium perenneLoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLoliumLolium pratenseLolium pratenseSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Festuca pratensis) 1.5-4 ft tall1.2IL Wildflowers001Festuca pratensisFestucaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLoliumLolium remotumLolium remotumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual50-95 cm0.95FO NZ V100Lolium remotumLoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLoliumLolium rigidumLolium rigidumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual(7.5)-10-25-(45) cm0.45FO NZ V100Lolium rigidumLoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeLoliumLolium temulentumLolium temulentumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual35-100 cm1FO NZ V100Lolium temulentumLoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeLomandraLomandra longifoliaLomandra longifoliaSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialTufted perennial herbNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeLomatiaLomatia fraseriLomatia fraseriWildPerrie, L.R. 2019: Lomatia naturalised near Wainuiomata. Wellington Botanical Society Newsletter: 120Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrub or small tree to c. 8 m high8Vic Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeLomatiaLomatia ilicifoliaLomatia ilicifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 3 m high3NSW Flora001Lomatia ilicifoliaLomatiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeLoniceraLonicera ×americanaLonicera ×americanaWild0DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Lonicera x americanaLoniceraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeLoniceraLonicera acuminataLonicera acuminataSometimes presentcollected in 1995 – “a self sown plant” (as Lonicera henryi Hemsl.)0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeLoniceraLonicera etruscaLonicera etruscaSometimes presentCHR 420202, CHR 4192320DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeLoniceraLonicera japonicaLonicera japonicaWild1DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Lonicera japonicaLoniceraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeLoniceraLonicera nitidaLonicera nitidaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV001Lonicera nitidaLoniceraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeLoniceraLonicera periclymenumLonicera periclymenumWild0DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Lonicera periclymenumLoniceraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeLophospermumLophospermum erubescensLophospermum erubescensWild1DicotsherbperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Lophospermum erubescensLophospermumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeLophostemonLophostemon confertusLophostemon confertusSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialLarge to very large treeNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesHamamelidaceaeLoropetalumLoropetalum chinenseLoropetalum chinenseSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs or small trees, 1–3 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLotusLotus angustissimusLotus angustissimusWild0DicotsherbannualProstrate to erectNAFO NZ IV100Lotus angustissimusLotusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLotusLotus corniculatusLotus corniculatusWild0Dicotsherbperennialprocumbent to ascendingNAFO NZ IV001Lotus corniculatusLotusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLotusLotus pedunculatusLotus pedunculatusWild1Dicotsherbperennialerect or ascendingNAFO NZ IV001Lotus pedunculatusLotusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLotusLotus suaveolensLotus suaveolensWild0Dicotsherbannual to perennialprostrateNAFO NZ IV111Lotus suaveolensLotusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLotusLotus tenuisLotus tenuisWild0Dicotsherbperennialprocumbent to ascendingNAFO NZ IV001Lotus tenuisLotusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLotusLotus tetragonolobusLotus tetragonolobusSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto 0.3 m0.3PFAF100Lotus tetragonolobusLotusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeLudwigiaLudwigia hyssopifoliaLudwigia hyssopifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual, sometimes perennialHerbs erect, annual, sometimes woody at base and perennial, often in water and then with elongate pneumatophores on submerged branchesNAFO China111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeLudwigiaLudwigia palustrisLudwigia palustrisWild1Dicotsherbperennialstems lax, often creeping or floatingNAFO NZ IV001Ludwigia palustrisLudwigiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeLudwigiaLudwigia peploidesLudwigia peploidesWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems creeping or floatingNAFO NZ IV001Ludwigia peploidesLudwigiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeLudwigiaLudwigia repensLudwigia repensSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialwetland or aquatic, and sometimes submerged perennial speciesNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeLumaLuma apiculataLuma apiculataSometimes present0Dicotstreeperenniallarge evergreen shrub, 8-12 m height (in 20-50 yrs); (as Eugenia apiculata) Perennial shrub or tree20RHS UK; USDA PLANTS001Luma apiculataLumaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeLunariaLunaria annuaLunaria annuaWild0Dicotsherbbiennialto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV010Lunaria annuaLunariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLupinusLupinus albusLupinus albusSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto 1.2 m1.2PFAF100Lupinus albusLupinusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLupinusLupinus angustifoliusLupinus angustifoliusWild0DicotsherbannualHerbaceous annual becoming somewhat woody at fruitingNAFO NZ IV100Lupinus angustifoliusLupinusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLupinusLupinus arboreusLupinus arboreusWild1DicotsshrubperennialWoody perennial shrubNAFO NZ IV001Lupinus arboreusLupinusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLupinusLupinus luteusLupinus luteusWild0Dicotsherbannualto 0.6 m0.6PFAF100Lupinus luteusLupinusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeLupinusLupinus polyphyllusLupinus polyphyllusWild1DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennialNAFO NZ IV001Lupinus polyphyllusLupinusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeLuzulaLuzula campestrisLuzula campestrisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialFlowering stems 5-15-(30) cm high0.3FO NZ III001Luzula campestrisLuzulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeLuzulaLuzula congestaLuzula congestaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialFlowering stems 20-60-(75) cm high0.75FO NZ III001Luzula congestaLuzulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeLuzulaLuzula flaccidaLuzula flaccidaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialFlowering stems 10-20-(40) cm high0.4FO NZ III001Luzula flaccidaLuzulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeLuzulaLuzula multifloraLuzula multifloraWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialFlowering stems 20-30-(60) cm high0.6FO NZ III001Luzula multifloraLuzulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesJuncaceaeLuzulaLuzula sylvaticaLuzula sylvaticaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialclump-forming perennial grassNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesAlstroemeriaceaeLuzuriagaLuzuriaga radicansLuzuriaga radicansSometimes present0Monocotsperennialevergreen scrambling climber (genus of semi-woody trailing perennial herbs)NARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeLycianthesLycianthes rantonnetiiLycianthes rantonnetiiWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Solanum rantonnei) to c. 2.5 m tall2.5FO NZ IV001Solanum rantonneiSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeLyciumLycium barbarumLycium barbarumWild0Dicotsshrubperennial0.3-2 m high2FO NZ IV001Lycium barbarumLyciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeLyciumLycium ferocissimumLycium ferocissimumWild1Dicotsshrubperennial1-6 m high6FO NZ IV001Lycium ferocissimumLyciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeLycopusLycopus europaeusLycopus europaeusWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV001Lycopus europaeusLycopusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaeLysimachiaLysimachia arvensisLysimachia arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Anagallis arvensis) annual, trailing or prostrateNAFO NZ IV100Anagallis arvensisAnagallisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaeLysimachiaLysimachia mauritianaLysimachia mauritianaSometimes present0DicotsherbbiennialHerbs biennial, glabrous, 10--50 cm tall0.5FO China010 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaeLysimachiaLysimachia minimaLysimachia minimaWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Anagallis minima) 2-3 cm long, erect0.03FO NZ IV100Anagallis minimaAnagallisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaeLysimachiaLysimachia monelliLysimachia monelliSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial, tap-rooted, sprawling herbNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaeLysimachiaLysimachia nummulariaLysimachia nummulariaWild0Dicotsherbperennialcreeping aerial stemsNAFO NZ IV001Lysimachia nummulariaLysimachiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaeLysimachiaLysimachia vulgarisLysimachia vulgarisWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Lysimachia vulgarisLysimachiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesLythraceaeLythrumLythrum hyssopifoliaLythrum hyssopifoliaWild0Dicotsherbannualstems to c. 40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Lythrum hyssopifoliaLythrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesLythraceaeLythrumLythrum junceumLythrum junceumWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialto c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV111Lythrum junceumLythrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesLythraceaeLythrumLythrum portulaLythrum portulaWild0Dicotsherbannualstems creeping, often mat-formingNAFO NZ IV100Lythrum portulaLythrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesLythraceaeLythrumLythrum salicariaLythrum salicariaWild1Dicotsherbperennial1-2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Lythrum salicariaLythrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeMacadamiaMacadamia integrifoliaMacadamia integrifoliaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialSmall to medium-sized tree to about 15 m15NSW Flora; ANPS001Macadamia integrifoliaMacadamiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeMacadamiaMacadamia tetraphyllaMacadamia tetraphyllaWild0DicotstreeperennialSmall or medium-sized tree to 15 m high15FO NZ IV; NSW Flora001Macadamia tetraphyllaMacadamiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaeMacfadyenaMacfadyena unguis-catiMacfadyena unguis-catiSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialLiana to 6 cm in diamNATROPICOS001Macfadyena unguis-catiMacfadyenaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesAcanthaceaeMackayaMackaya bellaMackaya bellaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2Webb et al. 1995001Mackaya bellaMackayaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeMacleayaMacleaya cordataMacleaya cordataSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbs, erect, basally lignifiedNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesMoraceaeMacluraMaclura pomiferaMaclura pomiferaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 20 m high20FO NZ IV001Maclura pomiferaMacluraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeMadiaMadia capitataMadia capitataSometimes present0DicotsherbannualNAFO NZ IV100Madia capitataMadiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeMadiaMadia sativaMadia sativaWild0Dicotsherbannualc. 20-200 cm high2FO NZ IV100Madia sativaMadiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMagnolialesMagnoliaceaeMagnoliaMagnolia ×soulangeanaMagnolia ×soulangeanaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree, Height: 20-25 ft, deciduous hybrid magnolia (M. denudata x M. liliiflora)...broad shrub or small tree that typically rises to 20-25 ft tallNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMagnolialesMagnoliaceaeMagnoliaMagnolia doltsopaMagnolia doltsopaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialevergreen tree reaching heights of up to 30 metres tall30IUCN001Michelia doltsopaMicheliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMagnolialesMagnoliaceaeMagnoliaMagnolia grandifloraMagnolia grandifloraSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial60-80 ft tall24MO Bot Garden001Magnolia grandifloraMagnoliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMagnolialesMagnoliaceaeMagnoliaMagnolia sieboldiiMagnolia sieboldiiSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial10-15 ft tall4.5MO Bot Garden001Magnolia sieboldiiMagnoliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMagnolialesMagnoliaceaeMagnoliaMagnolia stellataMagnolia stellataSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial15-20 ft tall6MO Bot Garden001Magnolia stellataMagnoliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeMalcolmiaMalcolmia maritimaMalcolmia maritimaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS100Malcolmia maritimaMalcolmiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalopeMalope trifidaMalope trifidaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual0.5-1 metres1RHS UK100Malope trifidaMalopeCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeMalusMalus ×atrosanguineaMalus ×atrosanguineaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialDeciduous tree, 15-20 ft (4.5-6 m), From a cross of M. hallinana × M. sieboldiiNALandscapePlants001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeMalusMalus ×domesticaMalus ×domesticaWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to 6 m (sometimes taller in cultivation)6FO NZ IV001Malus x domesticaMalusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeMalusMalus sylvestrisMalus sylvestrisSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialsmall treesNABritFlora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaMalva arboreaMalva arboreaWild1Dicotsherbbiennial(as Lavatera arborea) up to 2-(3) m high3FO NZ IV010Lavatera arboreaLavateraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaMalva assurgentifloraMalva assurgentifloraWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Lavatera assurgentiflora) up to 2-(4) m high4FO NZ IV001Lavatera assurgentifloraLavateraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaMalva moschataMalva moschataWild0Dicotsherbperennial2 to 3 feet0.9MO Bot Garden001Malva moschataMalvaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaMalva multifloraMalva multifloraWild0Dicotsherbannual to biennial(as Lavatera cretica) up to 2 m high2FO NZ IV110Lavatera creticaLavateraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaMalva neglectaMalva neglectaWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialAnnual or short-lived perennial, procumbent to ascending herbNAFO NZ IV111Malva neglectaMalvaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaMalva nicaeensisMalva nicaeensisWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial0.2-0.6 m0.6FO NA110Malva nicaeensisMalvaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaMalva olbiaMalva olbiaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Lavatera olbia) up to 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Lavatera olbiaLavateraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaMalva parvifloraMalva parvifloraWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual, procumbent to erect herbNAFO NZ IV100Malva parvifloraMalvaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaMalva sylvestrisMalva sylvestrisWild0DicotsherbperennialPerennial, ascending to erect herbNAFO NZ IV001Malva sylvestrisMalvaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaMalva trimestrisMalva trimestrisWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Lavatera trimestris) up to 1.5 m high1.5FO NZ IV100Lavatera trimestrisLavateraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaMalva verticillataMalva verticillataSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or biennialto 1.7 m1.7PFAF110Malva verticillataMalvaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMalvaviscusMalvaviscus arboreusMalvaviscus arboreusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 2-(3) m high3FO NZ IV001Malvaviscus arboreusMalvaviscusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeMandevillaMandevilla laxaMandevilla laxaSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialVine, liana, subshrub; (Mandevilla) Lianas usually glabrousNATROPICOS; FO China001Mandevilla laxaMandevillaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeManihotManihot esculentaManihot esculentaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialErect shrubs 1.5-5 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeMargyricarpusMargyricarpus pinnatusMargyricarpus pinnatusSometimes present0Dicotsshrub-subshrubperennialShrub or subshrubNATROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeMarrubiumMarrubium vulgareMarrubium vulgareWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Marrubium vulgareMarrubiumFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaSalvinialesMarsileaceaeMarsileaMarsilea muticaMarsilea muticaWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialaquatic fernNAFO NZ IV001Marsilea muticaMarsileaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeMatricariaMatricaria discoideaMatricaria discoideaWild0Dicotsherbannual5-20-(40) cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Matricaria dioscoideaMatricariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeMatricariaMatricaria recutitaMatricaria recutitaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualup to 30 cm tall (more in cultivation)0.3FO NZ IV100Matricaria recutitaMatricariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeMatthiolaMatthiola incanaMatthiola incanaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Matthiola incanaMatthiolaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeMatthiolaMatthiola longipetalaMatthiola longipetalaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualstragglingNAFO NZ IV100Matthiola longipetalaMatthiolaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeMaurandyaMaurandya barclayanaMaurandya barclayanaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialClimbing herb; (as Maurandya barclaiana) Perennial forb/herb, vineNAWebb et al. 1995; USDA PLANTS001Maurandya barclaianaMaurandyaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeMauranthemumMauranthemum paludosumMauranthemum paludosumSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual(as Leucanthemum paludosum) Anuales, glabras. Tallos de hasta 15 cm0.15Flora Vascular100Leucanthemum paludosumLeucanthemumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCelastralesCelastraceaeMaytenusMaytenus boariaMaytenus boariaWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to 10 m10Heenan et al. 1999001Maytenus boariaMaytenusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPhrymaceaeMazusMazus reptansMazus reptansSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, low-growing ground cover which typically grows only to 2 inches tall0.05MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeMeconopsisMeconopsis cambricaMeconopsis cambricaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Papaver cambricum) tap-rooted perennial, 0.1-0.5m height (in 2-5 yrs)0.5RHS UK001Meconopsis cambricaMeconopsisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeMedicagoMedicago arabicaMedicago arabicaWild0DicotsherbannualprocumbentNAFO NZ IV100Medicago arabicaMedicagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeMedicagoMedicago arboreaMedicago arboreaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 2 m2PFAF001Medicago arboreaMedicagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeMedicagoMedicago glomerataMedicago glomerataWild0DicotsherbperennialNAFO NZ IV001Medicago glomerataMedicagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeMedicagoMedicago lupulinaMedicago lupulinaWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialProcumbent or ascending, annual or short-lived perennial herbNAFO NZ IV111Medicago lupulinaMedicagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeMedicagoMedicago minimaMedicago minimaWild0DicotsherbannualErect or procumbent, annual herb0.2FO NZ IV100Medicago minimaMedicagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeMedicagoMedicago nigraMedicago nigraWild0DicotsherbannualprocumbentNAFO NZ IV100Medicago nigraMedicagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeMedicagoMedicago sativaMedicago sativaWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 60 cm0.6FO NZ IV001Medicago sativaMedicagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeMedicagoMedicago scutellataMedicago scutellataSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual forb/herb, 2.0 ft mature height0.6USDA PLANTS100Medicago scutellataMedicagoCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeMegathyrsusMegathyrsus maximusMegathyrsus maximusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as M. maximus var pubiglumis) tufts to 120 cmNAFO NZ V001Panicum maximumPanicumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeMelaleucaMelaleuca armillarisMelaleuca armillarisSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialusually between 5 m and 11 m11SA Bot Garden001Melaleuca armillarisMelaleucaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeMelaleucaMelaleuca citrinaMelaleuca citrinaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialErect much-branched shrub to 5 m or moreNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeMelaleucaMelaleuca diosmifoliaMelaleuca diosmifoliaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialErect, open shrub, 1-3 m highNAWA Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeMelaleucaMelaleuca ericifoliaMelaleuca ericifoliaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrub or small tree to 8 m high with corky barkNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeMelaleucaMelaleuca hypericifoliaMelaleuca hypericifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialusually between 1.2m and 3.6m3.6SA Bot Garden001Melaleuca hypericifoliaMelaleucaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeMelaleucaMelaleuca leucadendraMelaleuca leucadendraSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree, 5-30 m highNAWA Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeMelaleucaMelaleuca linearisMelaleuca linearisWild1Dicotsshrubperennial(as Callistemon rigidus) to c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Callistemon rigidusCallistemonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeMelaleucaMelaleuca styphelioidesMelaleuca styphelioidesSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or tree up to 20 m high20Webb et al. 1995; NSW Flora001Melaleuca styphelioidesMelaleucaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeMelanoselinumMelanoselinum decipiensMelanoselinum decipiensWild0Dicotsherbbiennial or perennialstems up to 2 m high2FO NZ IV011Melanoselinum decipiensMelanoselinumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeMelasphaerulaMelasphaerula gramineaMelasphaerula ramosaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial20 to 50 centimetres0.5Hortipedia001Melasphaerula ramosaMelasphaerulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesMeliaceaeMeliaMelia azedarachMelia azedarachSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree, Ht 1 - 30 m30CJB Africa001Melia azedarachMeliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesMelianthaceaeMelianthusMelianthus majorMelianthus majorWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Melianthus majorMelianthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeMelicaMelica minutaMelica minutaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms 20-50 cm long0.5POWO001Melica minutaMelicaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesViolaceaeMelicytusMelicytus dentatusMelicytus dentatusSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialErect to spreading shrub to 2–5 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeMelilotusMelilotus albusMelilotus albusWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialup to 2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV110Melilotus albusMelilotusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeMelilotusMelilotus indicusMelilotus indicusWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 60 cm high0.6FO NZ IV100Melilotus indicusMelilotusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeMelilotusMelilotus officinalisMelilotus officinalisWild0Dicotsherbbiennialup to 1.5 m high1.5FO NZ IV010Melilotus officinalisMelilotusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeMelinisMelinis repensMelinis repensSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseannual or perennialup to 40 cm0.4FO NZ V111Melinis repensMelinisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeMelissaMelissa officinalisMelissa officinalisWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 60 cm0.6FO NZ IV001Melissa officinalisMelissaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeMelochiaMelochia corchorifoliaMelochia corchorifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherb-subshrubannualHerbs or subshrubs, less than 1 m tall, erect or decumbent; annual, forb/herb, subshrubNAFO China; USDA PLANTS100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeMenthaMentha ×piperitaMentha ×piperitaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 60 cm or more tall0.6FO NZ IV001Mentha x piperitaMenthaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeMenthaMentha arvensisMentha arvensisWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Mentha arvensisMenthaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeMenthaMentha australisMentha australisWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV001Mentha australisMenthaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeMenthaMentha pulegiumMentha pulegiumWild0Dicotsherbperennialprostrate creeping, stems to c. 30 cm longNAFO NZ IV001Mentha pulegiumMenthaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeMenthaMentha spicataMentha spicataWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 80 cm0.8FO NZ IV001Mentha spicataMenthaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeMenthaMentha suaveolensMentha suaveolensWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 70 cm tall0.7FO NZ IV001Mentha suaveolensMenthaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesMenyanthaceaeMenyanthesMenyanthes trifoliataMenyanthes trifoliataSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialGlabrous herb with stout rhizome; Perennial forb/herb, 0.8 ft mature height0.24FO NZ IV; USDA PLANTS001Menyanthes trifoliataMenyanthesEradicated TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeMercurialisMercurialis annuaMercurialis annuaWild0Dicotsherbannualup to c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV100Mercurialis annuaMercurialisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeMesembryanthemumMesembryanthemum cordifoliumMesembryanthemum cordifoliumWildKlak, C.; Bruyns, P.V. 2013: A new infrageneric classification for Mesembryanthemum (Aizoaceae: Mesembryanthemoideae). Bothalia 43(2): 197-206.0Dicotsherbperennial(as Aptenia cordifolia) Sprawling prostrate perennial herbNAFO NZ IV001Aptenia cordifoliaApteniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeMesembryanthemumMesembryanthemum crystallinumMesembryanthemum crystallinumSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualprostrate succulent, 0.1-0.15 m high0.15Webb et al. 1995; WA Flora100Mesembryanthemum crystallinumMesembryanthemumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeMetrosiderosMetrosideros collinaMetrosideros collinaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialBushy shrub or gnarled tree to 8m8Cook Is Bio001Metrosideros collinaMetrosiderosCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOrobanchaceaeMicrargeriaMicrargeria filiformisMicrargeria filiformisSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual30-80 cm0.8FO Zimbabwe100Micrargeria filiformisMicrargeriaCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDennstaedtiaceaeMicrolepiaMicrolepia strigosaMicrolepia strigosaSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialPlants terrestrial, 80-110 cm tall1.1FO China001Microlepia strigosaMicrolepiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeMiliumMilium effusumMilium effusumSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 75 cm0.75FO NZ V001Milium effusumMiliumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeMinuartiaMinuartia hybridaMinuartia hybridaWild0Dicotsherbannual5-15 cm tall0.15FO NZ IV100Minuartia hybridaMinuartiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesNyctaginaceaeMirabilisMirabilis jalapaMirabilis jalapaWild0DicotsherbperennialPerennial herb, with thick, blackish, tuberous rootsNAFO NZ IV001Mirabilis jalapaMirabilisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeMiscanthusMiscanthus nepalensisMiscanthus nepalensisWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialTall robust clumps, (Miscanthus) Robust, tufted, tall bamboo-like perennials; Culms erect, 20–200 cm tall2FO NZ V; FO China001Miscanthus nepalensisMiscanthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeMiscanthusMiscanthus sinensisMiscanthus sinensisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 2 m2FO NZ V001Miscanthus sinensisMiscanthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeMisopatesMisopates orontiumMisopates orontiumWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Antirrhinum orontium) stems to c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Antirrhinum orontiumAntirrhinumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeModiolaModiola carolinianaModiola carolinianaWild0DicotsherbannualprocumbentNAFO NZ IV100Modiola carolinianaModiolaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeModiolastrumModiolastrum lateritiumModiolastrum lateritiumSometimes presentCHR 6093590DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeMoehringiaMoehringia trinerviaMoehringia trinerviaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual10-40 cm tall0.4FO China100Moehringia trinerviaMoehringiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeMoenchiaMoenchia erectaMoenchia erectaWild0Dicotsherbannual(5)-8-15 cm tall0.15FO NZ IV100Moenchia erectaMoenchiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesMolluginaceaeMollugoMollugo nudicaulisMollugo nudicaulisSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or perennialHerbs acaulineNAFO China; USDA PLANTS111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesMolluginaceaeMollugoMollugo oppositifoliaMollugo oppositifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual(as Glinus oppositifolius) Herbs 10-40 cm0.4FO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesCucurbitaceaeMomordicaMomordica charantiaMomordica charantiaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualPlants annual, scandent, many branchedNAFO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeMonsteraMonstera deliciosaMonstera deliciosaSometimes present0Monocotsvineperenniallarge epiphytic vine; Perennial forb/herb, vineNATROPICOS; USDA PLANTS001Monstera deliciosaMonsteraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPortulacaceaeMontiaMontia fontana subsp. chondrospermaMontia fontanasubsp. chondrospermaWild0Dicotsherbannual or perennial(as Montia fontana) decumbent, stems (1)-5-50 cm longNAFO NZ IV111Montia fontanaMontiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeMoraeaMoraea flaccidaMoraea flaccidaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Homeria collina) Stems to 60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Homeria collinaHomeriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeMoraeaMoraea huttoniiMoraea huttoniiSometimes presentCHR 656106, CHR 656107, CHR 6561080MonocotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeMoraeaMoraea polystachyaMoraea polystachyaSometimes presentCHR 6442250MonocotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeMoraeaMoraea setifoliaMoraea setifoliaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Gynandriris setifolia) 4-20 cm high0.2NSW Flora001Gynandriris setifoliaGynandririsCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMuntingiaceaeMuntingiaMuntingia calaburaMuntingia calaburaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialArbustos o árboles siempreverdes, hasta 10 m de altoNATROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaZingiberalesMusaceaeMusaMusa acuminataMusa acuminataSometimes present0MonocotsperennialPseudostems green with black blotches, ca. 4.8 mNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeMuscariMuscari armeniacumMuscari armeniacumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScapes to 30 cm0.3FO NZ III001Muscari armeniacumMuscariFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeMycelisMycelis muralisMycelis muralisWild0Dicotsherbperennial(20)-50-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV001Mycelis muralisMycelisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeMyoporumMyoporum insulareMyoporum insulareWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or tree 0.25-5 m high5WA Flora001Myoporum insulareMyoporumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeMyosotisMyosotis arvensisMyosotis arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialup to c. 30 cm high0.3FO NZ IV110Myosotis arvensisMyosotisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeMyosotisMyosotis discolorMyosotis discolorWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 25 cm high0.25FO NZ IV100Myosotis discolorMyosotisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeMyosotisMyosotis laxaMyosotis laxaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialsemi-aquaticNAFO NZ IV110Myosotis laxaMyosotisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeMyosotisMyosotis scorpioidesMyosotis scorpioidesWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 45 cm0.45FO NZ IV001Myosotis scorpioidesMyosotisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeMyosotisMyosotis strictaMyosotis strictaWild0Dicotsherbannualup to c. 25 cm high0.25FO NZ IV100Myosotis strictaMyosotisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeMyosotisMyosotis sylvaticaMyosotis sylvaticaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial or short-lived perennialto c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV011Myosotis sylvaticaMyosotisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesTamaricaceaeMyricariaMyricaria germanicaMyricaria germanicaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to 1.0 -1.5 m high1.5Heenan et al. 1999001Myricaria germanicaMyricariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesHaloragaceaeMyriophyllumMyriophyllum aquaticumMyriophyllum aquaticumWild1Dicotsherbperennialaquatic herb, stems to 2 m longNAFO NZ IV001Myriophyllum aquaticumMyriophyllumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesHaloragaceaeMyriophyllumMyriophyllum simulansMyriophyllum simulansWild0Dicotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAWebb et al. 1995001Myriophyllum simulansMyriophyllumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeNandinaNandina domesticaNandina domesticaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs, evergreen, erect, to 3 m tall3FO China001Nandina domesticaNandinaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeNarcissusNarcissus ×incomparabilisNarcissus ×incomparabilisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape 30-40 cm high0.4FO NZ III001Narcissus x incomparabilisNarcissusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeNarcissusNarcissus ×medioluteusNarcissus ×medioluteusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape 30-60 cm high0.6FO NZ III001Narcissus x medioluteusNarcissusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeNarcissusNarcissus ×odorusNarcissus ×odorusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial forb/herb (cross between N. jonquilla and N. pseudonarcissus)NAUSDA PLANTS001Narcissus x odorusNarcissusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeNarcissusNarcissus bulbocodiumNarcissus bulbocodiumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial0.1-0.5 metres0.5RHS UK001Narcissus bulbocodiumNarcissusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeNarcissusNarcissus papyraceusNarcissus papyraceusSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial, forb/herb; BulbNAUSDA PLANTS; FO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeNarcissusNarcissus poeticusNarcissus poeticusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape 40-50 cm high0.5FO NZ III001Narcissus poeticusNarcissusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeNarcissusNarcissus pseudonarcissusNarcissus pseudonarcissusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape 20-40 cm high0.4FO NZ III001Narcissus pseudonarcissusNarcissusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeNarcissusNarcissus tazettaNarcissus tazettaSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScape c. 30 cm high0.3FO NZ III001Narcissus tazettaNarcissusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeNardusNardus strictaNardus strictaWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial15-30-(40) cm0.4FO NZ V001Nardus strictaNardusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeNassellaNassella neesianaNassella neesianaWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 2 m2FO NZ V001Nassella neesianaNassellaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeNassellaNassella tenuissimaNassella tenuissimaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 1 m1FO NZ V001Nassella tenuissimaNassellaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeNassellaNassella trichotomaNassella trichotomaWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 70 cm0.7FO NZ V001Nassella trichotomaNassellaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeNasturtiumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumWild0DicotsherbperennialStems trailing up to 1 m longNAFO NZ IV001Nasturtium microphyllumNasturtiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeNasturtiumNasturtium officinaleNasturtium officinaleWild1DicotsherbperennialStems trailing to several m longNAFO NZ IV001Nasturtium officinaleNasturtiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPolemoniaceaeNavarretiaNavarretia squarrosaNavarretia squarrosaWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 40 cm high0.4FO NZ IV100Navarretia squarrosaNavarretiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeNemesiaNemesia floribundaNemesia floribundaWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialto c. 30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV111Nemesia floribundaNemesiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeNemesiaNemesia foetensNemesia foetensSometimes present0Dicotssynonymous with both N. denticulata and N. rupicolaNACJB AfricaNANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeNemesiaNemesia fruticansNemesia fruticansSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial used mostly as an annualperennial that is used mostly as an annual. It grows up to 600 mm in heightNAPlantzAfrica111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeNemesiaNemesia strumosaNemesia strumosaWild0Dicotsherbannualstems to c. 40 cm long0.4Webb et al. 1995100Nemesia strumosaNemesiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeNemophilaNemophila menziesiiNemophila menziesiiSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual, height: 0.25-0.5 ft0.2MO Bot Garden100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeNepetaNepeta ×faasseniiNepeta ×faasseniiSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 1-2 ft, "sterile hybrid (N. racemosa x N. nepetella) perennial catmint of horticultural origin (Dutch nursery of J. H. Faassen)"0.6MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeNepetaNepeta catariaNepeta catariaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Nepeta catariaNepetaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeNepetaNepeta mussiniiNepeta mussiniiWild0DicotsherbperennialForms low spreading dense clumpsNAFO NZ IV001Nepeta mussiniiNepetaFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesNephrolepidaceaeNephrolepisNephrolepis cordifoliaNephrolepis cordifoliaWild1FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAFO NZ IV001Nephrolepis cordifoliaNephrolepisFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesNephrolepidaceaeNephrolepisNephrolepis exaltataNephrolepis exaltataSometimes presentBrownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2019: Nephrolepidaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes (updated from: Large, M.F.; Farrington, L. 2016: The Nephrolepis Boston fern complex (including Nephrolepis exaltata [L.] Schott), Nephrolepidaceae, naturalised in New Zealand. Perspectives in Biosecurity Research Series 2: 1-8.)0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialevergreen fern that grows with an upright spreading habit to 3 ft tall and as wide. In its native habitat, it may grow to as much as 7 ft tall2.1MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeNerineNerine bowdeniiNerine bowdeniiSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialdeciduous, summer-growing nerine reaches up to 700 mm high in flower, and grows from a globose, offset-forming bulbNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeNerineNerine filifoliaNerine filifoliaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialscape up to 300 mm long0.3PlantzAfrica001Nerine filifoliaNerineCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeNerineNerine sarniensisNerine sarniensisSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialbulbNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeNeriumNerium oleanderNerium oleanderWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 4 m high4FO NZ IV001Nerium oleanderNeriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeNesliaNeslia paniculataNeslia paniculataSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual(1.4-)2.5-7.5(-9) dm0.9FO NA100Neslia paniculataNesliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeNicandraNicandra physalodesNicandra physalodesWild0Dicotsherbannual15-60-(200) cm tall2FO NZ IV100Nicandra physalodesNicandraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeNicotianaNicotiana ×sanderaeNicotiana ×sanderaeSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual forb/herb (cross between N. alata and N. forgetiana)NAUSDA PLANTS100Nicotiana x sanderaeNicotianaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeNicotianaNicotiana alataNicotiana alataWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialstems to c. 80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV111Nicotiana alataNicotianaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeNicotianaNicotiana glaucaNicotiana glaucaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial2-3-(6) m tall6FO NZ IV001Nicotiana glaucaNicotianaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeNicotianaNicotiana langsdorffiiNicotiana langsdorffiiSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual1-1.5 metres1.5RHS UK100Nicotiana langsdorffiiNicotianaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeNicotianaNicotiana longifloraNicotiana longifloraSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual0.1-0.5 metres0.5RHS UK100Nicotiana longifloraNicotianaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeNicotianaNicotiana rusticaNicotiana rusticaWild0Dicotsherbannual1-2 m tall2FO NZ IV100Nicotiana rusticaNicotianaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeNicotianaNicotiana sylvestrisNicotiana sylvestrisWild0Dicotsherbperennial1-2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Nicotiana sylvestrisNicotianaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeNicotianaNicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennial0.5-2 m tall2FO NZ IV111Nicotiana tabacumNicotianaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeNierembergiaNierembergia hippomanicaNierembergia hippomanicaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialperennial, forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeNierembergiaNierembergia repensNierembergia repensSometimes present0Dicotsherbperenniallow-growing ground coverNAWebb et al. 1995001Nierembergia repensNierembergiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeNigellaNigella damascenaNigella damascenaWild0DicotsherbannualStems (5)-20-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Nigella damascenaNigellaFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPolypodiaceaeNiphidiumNiphidium crassifoliumNiphidium crassifoliumSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialherbaceous epiphyteNATROPICOS; USDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeNolinaNolina longifoliaNolina longifoliaSometimes present0MonocotsshrubperennialShrub with usually undivided trunk rising to 2 m from a massive bulbous baseNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesNothofagaceaeNothofagusNothofagus antarcticaNothofagus antarcticaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial3-20 m high20eFloraNZ001Nothofagus antarcticaNothofagusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeNothoscordumNothoscordum gracileNothoscordum gracileWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 0.5 m0.5PFAF001Nothoscordum gracileNothoscordumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaNymphaealesNymphaeaceaeNupharNuphar luteaNuphar luteaWild0Monocotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ IV001Nuphar luteaNupharFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaNymphaealesNymphaeaceaeNymphaeaNymphaea albaNymphaea albaWild1Monocotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ IV001Nymphaea albaNymphaeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaNymphaealesNymphaeaceaeNymphaeaNymphaea capensisNymphaea capensisSometimes present0Monocotsherbperennial, occasionally annual(as Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea) perennial, occ. annual-Herb, Hydrophyte, Epihydate- Ht depending on depth of waterNACJB Africa111Nymphaea capensisNymphaeaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaNymphaealesNymphaeaceaeNymphaeaNymphaea mexicanaNymphaea mexicanaWildFord, K.A.; Champion, P.D.2019: Nymphaeales. In : Flora of New Zealand - Seed Plants1Monocotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ IV001Nymphaea mexicanaNymphaeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesMenyanthaceaeNymphoidesNymphoides montanaNymphoides montanaWildThe specimens previously identified as N. geminata have been re-identified as N. montana (Aston, H.I. 2009: Notes on Australian taxa of Nymphoides (Menyanthaceae): typification and nomenclature. Muelleria 27: 119-126.); N. geminata has Uncertain status (N. geminata s.s. is an annual species from northern E Coast of Australia) (14May2020)0Dicotsherbperennial(as Nymphoides geminata) perennial aquatic herb; perennial aquatic, stems to 2 m longNAFO NZ IV; NSW Flora; Vic Flora001Nymphoides geminataNymphoidesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesMenyanthaceaeNymphoidesNymphoides peltataNymphoides peltataSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ IV001Nymphoides peltataNymphoidesEradicated TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesBromeliaceaeOchagaviaOchagavia carneaOchagavia carneaSometimes present0MonocotsperennialForming tight rosettes of spiky curved grey-green leaves with marginal hooked teeth. Inflorescence on a short stem among the leavesNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesOchnaceaeOchnaOchna serrulataOchna serrulataWild1Dicotsshrubperennial1-3 m tall3Heenan et al. 1999001Ochna serrulataOchnaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeOcimumOcimum basilicumOcimum basilicumWild0Dicotsherbannual1.5 to 2 feet0.6Webb et al. 1995; MO Bot Garden100Ocimum basilicumOcimumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesAcanthaceaeOdontonemaOdontonema tubaeformeOdontonema tubaeformeSometimes presentCHR 6000600DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesLindsaeaceaeOdontosoriaOdontosoria chinensisOdontosoria chinensisSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialRhizome creeping, Stipe 20-30 cm, terrestrialNAFO China001Sphenomeris chinensisSphenomerisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeOenantheOenanthe aquaticaOenanthe aquaticaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial to perennialprocumbent or floatingNAFO NZ IV011Oenanthe aquaticaOenantheFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeOenantheOenanthe javanicaOenanthe javanicaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialstoloniferous, fibrous-rooted, decumbent-stemmed, low-growing, herbaceous perennial which typically grows to 9-28 inches tall NAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeOenantheOenanthe pimpinelloidesOenanthe pimpinelloidesWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-90 cm high0.9FO NZ IV001Oenanthe pimpinelloidesOenantheFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeOenantheOenanthe sarmentosaOenanthe sarmentosaSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennial to perennialprocumbent or floatingNAFO NZ IV011Oenanthe sarmentosaOenantheFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeOenotheraOenothera affinisOenothera affinisWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialStems less than 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV110Oenothera affinisOenotheraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeOenotheraOenothera biennisOenothera biennisWild0DicotsherbbiennialStems to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV010Oenothera biennisOenotheraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeOenotheraOenothera drummondiiOenothera drummondiiSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial0.1-0.6 m high0.6WA Flora001Oenothera drummondiiOenotheraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeOenotheraOenothera fruticosaOenothera fruticosaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herb, 3.3 ft mature height1USDA PLANTS001Oenothera fruticosaOenotheraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeOenotheraOenothera glaziovianaOenothera glaziovianaWild0DicotsherbbiennialStems to c. 1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV010Oenothera glaziovianaOenotheraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeOenotheraOenothera indecoraOenothera indecoraWild0Dicotsherbannualstems to c. 60 cm high0.6Webb et al. 1995100Oenothera indecoraOenotheraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeOenotheraOenothera parvifloraOenothera parvifloraWild0Dicotsherbbiennialc. 60 cm high0.6Webb et al. 1995010Oenothera parvifloraOenotheraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeOenotheraOenothera roseaOenothera roseaWild0Dicotsherbperennial or biennialsprawling, stems to c. 50 cm longNAFO NZ IV011Oenothera roseaOenotheraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeOenotheraOenothera speciosaOenothera speciosaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Oenothera speciosaOenotheraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeOenotheraOenothera strictaOenothera strictaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial, possibly sometimes short-lived perennialStems to c. 75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV111Oenothera strictaOenotheraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesOnagraceaeOenotheraOenothera tetrapteraOenothera tetrapteraSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialStems 15-50 cm tall0.5FO China111Oenothera tetrapteraOenotheraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeOldenlandiaOldenlandia corymbosaOldenlandia corymbosaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual herb, 8-10 cm tall0.1FO Pakistan100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeOleaOlea europaeaOlea europaeaWild1Dicotstreeperennialto 10 m tall10Heenan et al. 1999001Olea europaeaOleaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeOleariaOlearia argophyllaOlearia argophyllaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialShrub or tree to c. 10 m high10Vic Flora001Olearia argophyllaOleariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeOleariaOlearia lirataOlearia lirataSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrub to c. 4 m high4Vic Flora001Olearia lirataOleariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeOleariaOlearia phlogopappaOlearia phlogopappaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrub up to 3 mNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeOmphalodesOmphalodes nitidaOmphalodes nitidaSometimes present0DicotsperennialHierba hasta de 80 cm, perenne0.8Flora Vascular001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeOmphalodesOmphalodes vernaOmphalodes vernaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialcreeping perennialNABritFlora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeOncobaOncoba spinosaOncoba spinosaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to 5 m5FO Zimbabwe001Oncoba spinosaOncobaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeOnobrychisOnobrychis viciifoliaOnobrychis viciifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto 1 m1PFAF001Onobrychis viciifoliaOnobrychisCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesOnocleaceaeOnocleaOnoclea sensibilisOnoclea sensibilisSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennial3 to 4 feet1.2MO Bot Garden001Onoclea sensibilisOnocleaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeOnonisOnonis campestrisOnonis campestrisWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 0.6 m0.6PFAF001Ononis campestrisOnonisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeOnonisOnonis repensOnonis repensWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 0.6 m0.6PFAF001Ononis repensOnonisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeOnopordumOnopordum acanthiumOnopordum acanthiumWild0Dicotsherbbiennial1-3 m tall3FO NZ IV010Onopordum acanthiumOnopordumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeOnopordumOnopordum tauricumOnopordum tauricumSometimes present0DicotsherbbiennialStems up to 3 m tall3FO NZ IV010Onopordum tauricumOnopordumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCactaceaeOpuntiaOpuntia cylindricaOpuntia cylindricaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica) Branched spinose shrub to 3 m high3NSW Flora001Opuntia cylindricaOpuntiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCactaceaeOpuntiaOpuntia ficus-indicaOpuntia ficus-indicaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 5-7 m7Heenan et al. 2002001Opuntia ficus-indicaOpuntiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCactaceaeOpuntiaOpuntia monacanthaOpuntia monacanthaWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennial(as Opuntia vulgaris) Plants to 4-5 m high, often with thick cylindric trunk; Shrubs or treelike, 1.3-4 m tall5FO NZ IV; FO China001Opuntia monacanthaOpuntiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCactaceaeOpuntiaOpuntia robustaOpuntia robustaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialperennial-Shrub, Succulent- Ht 5 m5CJB Africa001Opuntia robustaOpuntiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeOriganumOriganum vulgareOriganum vulgareWild0Dicotsherbperennialc. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Origanum vulgareOriganumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeOrlayaOrlaya grandifloraOrlaya grandifloraSometimes present0Dicotsannualbranching annual, 45-75cm tallNARHS UK100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeOrnithogalumOrnithogalum thyrsoidesOrnithogalum thyrsoidesSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialbulbous geophyte, 200 to 500 mm tall0.5PlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeOrnithogalumOrnithogalum umbellatumOrnithogalum umbellatumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial10-30 cm high0.3FO NZ III001Ornithogalum umbellatumOrnithogalumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeOrnithopusOrnithopus perpusillusOrnithopus perpusillusWild0DicotsherbannualprostrateNAFO NZ IV100Ornithopus perpusillusOrnithopusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeOrnithopusOrnithopus pinnatusOrnithopus pinnatusWild0Dicotsherbannual8 cm0.08BritFlora100Ornithopus pinnatusOrnithopusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeOrnithopusOrnithopus sativusOrnithopus sativusWild0Dicotsherbannualspreading prostrateNAFO NZ IV100Ornithopus sativusOrnithopusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOrobanchaceaeOrobancheOrobanche minorOrobanche minorWild0Dicotsherbperennialstem 10-40-(50) cm high0.5FO NZ IV001Orobanche minorOrobancheFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeOsculariaOscularia caulescensOscularia caulescensSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to 30 cm high0.3FO NZ IV001Oscularia caulescensOsculariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeOsmanthusOsmanthus heterophyllusOsmanthus heterophyllusSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs or small trees 2-8 m8FO China001Osmanthus heterophyllusOsmanthusCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaOsmundalesOsmundaceaeOsmundaOsmunda regalisOsmunda regalisWild1FernsAndAlliesfernperennialerect trunks to 150 cm tall1.5FO NZ IV001Osmunda regalisOsmundaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeOthonnaOthonna capensisOthonna capensisWild0DicotsherbperennialTrailingNAFO NZ IV001Othonna capensisOthonnaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesHydrocharitaceaeOtteliaOttelia ovalifoliaOttelia ovalifoliaWild1MonocotsherbperennialRobust, tufted, scapose perennialNAFO NZ III001Ottelia ovalifoliaOtteliaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis articulataOxalis articulataWild0Dicotsherbperennialclump-formingNAFO NZ IV001Oxalis articulataOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis bowieiOxalis bowieiSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialstem hardly exertedNANSW Flora001Oxalis bowieiOxalisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis brasiliensisOxalis brasiliensisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerb with stem reduced, appearing absent; bulbs globose, c. 1 cm longNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis chnoodesOxalis chnoodesWild0Dicotsherbperennialcreeping or decumbentNAHeenan et al. 2008; NZPCN001Oxalis chnoodesOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis corniculataOxalis corniculataWild0DicotsherbperennialStems prostrate to suberect, to c. 40 cm longNAFO NZ IV001Oxalis corniculataOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis debilisOxalis debilisWild0DicotsherbperennialstemlessNAFO NZ IV001Oxalis debilisOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis dilleniiOxalis dilleniiSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial, forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis fontanaOxalis fontanaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Oxalis stricta) Perennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Oxalis fontanaOxalisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis hirtaOxalis hirtaWild0DicotsherbperennialStems to 25 cm high0.25FO NZ IV001Oxalis hirtaOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis incarnataOxalis incarnataWild0DicotsherbperennialStems spreading to suberectNAFO NZ IV001Oxalis incarnataOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis latifoliaOxalis latifoliaWild0DicotsherbperennialacaulousNAFO NZ IV001Oxalis latifoliaOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis megalorrhizaOxalis megalorrhizaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialherb or subshrubNATROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis perennansOxalis perennansWild0DicotsherbperennialStems to c. 20 cm long…mostly erect to sub erect0.2FO NZ IV001Oxalis perennansOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis pes-capraeOxalis pes-capraeWild0Dicotsherbperennialapparently acaulous but with underground stolons.NAFO NZ IV001Oxalis pes-capraeOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis polyphyllaOxalis polyphyllaSometimes present0Dicotsperennial(O. polyphylla var pentaphylla) perennial-Shrub- Ht 0.05 - 0.3 m.NACJB Africa001Oxalis polyphyllaOxalisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis purpureaOxalis purpureaWild0Dicotsherbperennialapparently acaulous perennial, but with underground stem above bulbNAFO NZ IV001Oxalis purpureaOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis tetraphyllaOxalis tetraphyllaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialperennial growing to 0.1 m0.1PFAF001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis tuberosaOxalis tuberosaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV001Oxalis tuberosaOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaOxalidalesOxalidaceaeOxalisOxalis versicolorOxalis versicolorWild0DicotsherbperennialStems erect, to 15 cm tall0.15FO NZ IV001Oxalis versicolorOxalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeOxypetalumOxypetalum coeruleumOxypetalum caeruleumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 40 cm high0.4FO NZ IV001Oxypetalum caeruleumOxypetalumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeOxyriaOxyria digynaOxyria digynaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herb, 1.0 ft mature height0.3USDA PLANTS001Oxyria digynaOxyriaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaePandoreaPandorea jasminoidesPandorea jasminoidesSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialVigorous lianeNAFO NZ IV001Pandorea jasminoidesPandoreaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaePandoreaPandorea pandoranaPandorea pandoranaWild1DicotsvineperennialVigorous lianeNAFO NZ IV001Pandorea pandoranaPandoreaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePanicumPanicum capillarePanicum capillareWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulm (7.5)-15-30-(45) cm0.45FO NZ V100Panicum capillarePanicumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePanicumPanicum dichotomiflorumPanicum dichotomiflorumWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulm 20-60 cm0.6FO NZ V100Panicum dichotomiflorumPanicumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePanicumPanicum miliaceumPanicum miliaceumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannualto 80 cm0.8FO NZ V100Panicum miliaceumPanicumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePanicumPanicum schinziiPanicum schinziiWild0Monocotscaespitoseannualto 120 cm1.2FO NZ V100Panicum schinziiPanicumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePanicumPanicum virgatumPanicum virgatumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial graminoidNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaePapaverPapaver aculeatumPapaver aculeatumSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualannual-Herb- Ht 0.1 - 1 m1CJB Africa100Papaver aculeatumPapaverCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaePapaverPapaver argemonePapaver argemoneWild0Dicotsherbannual(5)-20-30-(40) cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Papaver argemonePapaverFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaePapaverPapaver atlanticumPapaver atlanticumWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Papaver atlanticumPapaverFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaePapaverPapaver dubiumPapaver dubiumWild0Dicotsherbannual20-30-(80) cm tall0.8FO NZ IV100Papaver dubiumPapaverFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaePapaverPapaver hybridumPapaver hybridumWild0Dicotsherbannual(2)-10-20-(60) cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Papaver hybridumPapaverFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaePapaverPapaver nudicaulePapaver nudicauleSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial0.1-0.5 metres0.5RHS UK001Papaver nudicaulePapaverCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaePapaverPapaver pseudorientalePapaver pseudorientaleSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Papaver orientale) Perennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Papaver pseudorientalePapaverCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaePapaverPapaver rhoeasPapaver rhoeasWild0Dicotsherbannual30-60-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV100Papaver rhoeasPapaverFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaePapaverPapaver somniferumPapaver somniferumWild0Dicotsherbannual30-60-(150) cm tall1.5FO NZ IV100Papaver somniferumPapaverFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeParapholisParapholis incurvaParapholis incurvaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannualto c. 35 cm0.35FO NZ V100Parapholis incurvaParapholisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeParapholisParapholis strigosaParapholis strigosaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual(12)-20-35 cm0.35FO NZ V100Parapholis strigosaParapholisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeParaserianthesParaserianthes lophanthaParaserianthes lophanthaWild1DicotstreeperennialEvergreen shrub to small tree; Shrub or tree, 1-10 m high10FO NZ IV; WA Flora001Paraserianthes lophanthaParaserianthesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOrobanchaceaeParentucelliaParentucellia latifoliaParentucellia latifoliaWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Parentucellia latifoliaParentucelliaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesUrticaceaeParietariaParietaria judaicaParietaria judaicaWild0DicotsherbperennialProcumbent or ascending. Stem up to 60 cm longNAFO NZ IV001Parietaria judaicaParietariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesUrticaceaeParietariaParietaria officinalisParietaria officinalisWild0DicotsherbperennialStem 30-100 cm high1FO NZ IV001Parietaria officinalisParietariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeParochetusParochetus communisParochetus communisWild0Dicotsherbperenniallow-growing ground coverNAFO NZ IV001Parochetus communisParochetusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeParonychiaParonychia brasilianaParonychia brasilianaWild0DicotsherbperennialStems prostrate, ascending at apex, 5-15-(30) cm longNAFO NZ IV001Paronychia brasilianaParonychiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaVitalesVitaceaeParthenocissusParthenocissus insertaParthenocissus insertaWild0DicotsvineperenniallianeNAFO NZ IV001Parthenocissus insertaParthenocissusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaVitalesVitaceaeParthenocissusParthenocissus quinquefoliaParthenocissus quinquefoliaSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialPerennial vineNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaVitalesVitaceaeParthenocissusParthenocissus tricuspidataParthenocissus tricuspidataSometimes present0DicotsvineperenniallianeNAFO NZ IV001Parthenocissus tricuspidataParthenocissusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePaspalumPaspalum conjugatumPaspalum conjugatumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 20-45 cm0.45FO NZ V001Paspalum conjugatumPaspalumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePaspalumPaspalum dilatatumPaspalum dilatatumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 25-55-(180) cm1.8FO NZ V001Paspalum dilatatumPaspalumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePaspalumPaspalum distichumPaspalum distichumWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 7-35-(45) cm0.45FO NZ V001Paspalum distichumPaspalumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePaspalumPaspalum paniculatumPaspalum paniculatumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPlant c. 75 cm0.75FO NZ V001Paspalum paniculatumPaspalumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePaspalumPaspalum pubiflorumPaspalum pubiflorumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialNAFO NZ V001Paspalum pubiflorumPaspalumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePaspalumPaspalum urvilleiPaspalum urvilleiWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 2 m or sometimes taller2FO NZ V001Paspalum urvilleiPaspalumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePaspalumPaspalum vaginatumPaspalum vaginatumWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm (3)-7.5-18-(30) cm0.3FO NZ V001Paspalum vaginatumPaspalumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPassifloraceaePassifloraPassiflora ×roseaPassiflora ×roseaSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Passiflora x roseaPassifloraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPassifloraceaePassifloraPassiflora antioquiensisPassiflora antioquiensisSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Passiflora antioquiensisPassifloraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPassifloraceaePassifloraPassiflora apetalaPassiflora apetalaSometimes present0Dicotsvineshade-tolerant vineNAPOWONANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPassifloraceaePassifloraPassiflora caeruleaPassiflora caeruleaWild1DicotsvineperennialGlabrous vineNAFO NZ IV001Passiflora caeruleaPassifloraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPassifloraceaePassifloraPassiflora edulisPassiflora edulisWild1DicotsvineperennialVigorous vineNAFO NZ IV001Passiflora edulisPassifloraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPassifloraceaePassifloraPassiflora foetidaPassiflora foetidaSometimes present0Dicotsvineannualherbaceous vine/climber; annual, forb/herb, vineNATROPICOS; USDA PLANTS100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPassifloraceaePassifloraPassiflora jorullensisPassiflora jorullensisSometimes present0DicotsNATROPICOSNANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPassifloraceaePassifloraPassiflora mixtaPassiflora mixtaWild0DicotsvineperennialVigorous vineNAFO NZ IV001Passiflora mixtaPassifloraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPassifloraceaePassifloraPassiflora pinnatistipulaPassiflora pinnatistipulaWild0DicotsvineperennialVigorous vineNAFO NZ IV001Passiflora pinnatistipulaPassifloraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPassifloraceaePassifloraPassiflora tarminianaPassiflora tarminianaSometimes present1DicotsvineperennialPerennial vineNAUSDA PLANTS001Passiflora tarminianaPassifloraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPassifloraceaePassifloraPassiflora tripartitaPassiflora tripartitaWild1DicotsvineperennialLiana, woody vineNATROPICOS001Passiflora tripartitaPassifloraFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaePastinacaPastinaca sativaPastinaca sativaWild0Dicotsherbbiennialup to 150-(200) cm high2FO NZ IV010Pastinaca sativaPastinacaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPaulowniaceaePaulowniaPaulownia elongataPaulownia elongataSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees, to more than 10 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPaulowniaceaePaulowniaPaulownia fortuneiPaulownia fortuneiSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees, to 30 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPaulowniaceaePaulowniaPaulownia tomentosaPaulownia tomentosaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 15 m high15FO NZ IV001Paulownia tomentosaPaulowniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesHypoxidaceaePauridiaPauridia capensisPauridia capensisSometimes present0Monocotsherbperennial(as Hypoxis) Leaves grass-likeNAFO NZ III001Hypoxis capensisHypoxisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesHypoxidaceaePauridiaPauridia glabellaPauridia glabellaWild0Monocotsherbperennial(P. glabella var glabella as Hypoxis hookeri) Small to minute tufted summer-dormant herbs; (as Pauridia glabella var glabella) Glabrous herbs to c. 25 cm high, corms less than 1 cm long0.25FO NZ III; Vic Flora001Hypoxis glabellaHypoxisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaePavoniaPavonia hastataPavonia hastataWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Pavonia hastataPavoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium ×asperumPelargonium ×asperumWild0Dicotssubshrubperennialup to c. 75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV001Pelargonium x asperumPelargoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium ×domesticumPelargonium ×domesticumWild0Dicotssubshrubperennialto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Pelargonium x domesticumPelargoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium ×fragransPelargonium ×fragransWild0Dicotssubshrubperennialto c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Pelargonium x fragransPelargoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium ×hortorumPelargonium ×hortorumWild0Dicotssubshrubperennialto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Pelargonium x hortorumPelargoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium capitatumPelargonium capitatumSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialsprawling shrub, ± 0.3 m0.3PlantzAfrica001Pelargonium capitatumPelargoniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium crispumPelargonium crispumSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 700 mm tall0.7FO NZ IV001Pelargonium crispumPelargoniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium inquinansPelargonium inquinansSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialsoft, woody shrub with a height of up to 2 mNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium panduriformePelargonium panduriformeSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialerect, well branched shrub, grows up to a height of 1.75 mNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium peltatumPelargonium peltatumWild0DicotsherbperennialLong-trailing or scramblingNAFO NZ IV001Pelargonium peltatumPelargoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium radensPelargonium radensSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialerect, closely branched shrub which is usually less than 1.5 m highNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium tomentosumPelargonium tomentosumWild0Dicotssubshrubperennialto c. 75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV001Pelargonium tomentosumPelargoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGeranialesGeraniaceaePelargoniumPelargonium vitifoliumPelargonium vitifoliumWild0Dicotssubshrubperennialto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Pelargonium vitifoliumPelargoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPteridaceaePellaeaPellaea viridisPellaea viridisSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialFronds ± erect to 25-40 cm long0.4NSW Flora001Pellaea viridisPellaeaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaePentaglottisPentaglottis sempervirensPentaglottis sempervirensWild0DicotsherbperennialStems to c. 75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV001Pentaglottis sempervirensPentaglottisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePentapogonPentapogon quadrifidusPentapogon quadrifidusWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual or short-lived perennial15-60 cm0.6FO NZ V111Pentapogon quadrifidusPentapogonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaePericallisPericallis ×hybridaPericallis ×hybridaWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Pericallis x hybridaPericallisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLauralesLauraceaePerseaPersea americanaPersea americanaWild0Dicotstreeperennialusually less than 10 m high in New Zealand10Webb et al. 1995001Persea americanaPerseaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria capitataPersicaria capitataWild1DicotsherbperennialMat-likeNAFO NZ IV001Persicaria capitataPersicariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria chinensisPersicaria chinensisSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialErect-suberect, up to 1 m tall, divaricately branched shrubby perennialNAFO Pakistan001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria hydropiperPersicaria hydropiperWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV100Persicaria hydropiperPersicariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria lapathifoliaPersicaria lapathifoliaWild0Dicotsherbannualto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Persicaria lapthifoliaPersicariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria maculosaPersicaria maculosaWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Polygonum persicaria) 0.1-1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Polygonum persicariaPolygonumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria odorataPersicaria odorataSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialherbaceous tender perennial that typically grows to 6-18 inches tall0.45MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria orientalisPersicaria orientalisWild0Dicotsherbannual20-150-(250) cm tall2.5FO NZ IV100Persicaria orientalisPersicariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria perfoliataPersicaria perfoliataSometimes present0Dicotsvineannual(as Polygonum perfoliatum) Herbs annual. Stems trailing, red-brown, 0.8-2 m; (as Polygonum perfoliatum) Annual forb/herb, vineNAFO China; USDA PLANTS100Persicaria perfoliataPersicariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria punctataPersicaria punctataWild0Dicotsherbannual or perennial0.5-1.5-(2) m tall2FO NZ IV111Persicaria punctataPersicariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria strigosaPersicaria strigosaWild0Dicotsherbannualstems… lax or sprawlingNAFO NZ IV100Persicaria strigosaPersicariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria virginianaPersicaria virginianaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(Antenoron filiforme = P. virginiana var filiformis) stems to 50 cm tallNAFO NZ IV001Antenoron filiformeAntenoronFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePersicariaPersicaria wallichiiPersicaria wallichiiWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Persicaria polystachya) to 1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV001Persicaria polystachyaPersicariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaePetasitesPetasites fragransPetasites fragransWild0DicotsherbperennialInfloresence 15-35 cm tall0.35FO NZ IV001Petasites fragransPetasitesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaePetasitesPetasites japonicusPetasites japonicusSometimes present0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaePetrorhagiaPetrorhagia proliferaPetrorhagia proliferaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(5)-10-40-(50) cm tall0.5FO NZ IV110Petrorhagia proliferaPetrorhagiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaePetrorhagiaPetrorhagia velutinaPetrorhagia velutinaWild0Dicotsherbannual(10)-15-40 cm tall0.45FO NZ IV100Petrorhagia velutinaPetrorhagiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaePetroselinumPetroselinum crispumPetroselinum crispumWild0Dicotsherbbiennialup to 1 m high1FO NZ IV010Petroselinum crispumPetroselinumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaePetuniaPetunia ×atkinsianaPetunia ×atkinsianaWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennial(as Petunia ×hybrida) Annual or short-lived spreading perennialNAFO NZ IV111Petunia x hybridaPetuniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaePetuniaPetunia parvifloraPetunia parvifloraSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialto 15 cm high, mat-forming0.15eFloraSA111Petunia parvifloraPetuniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaePhaceliaPhacelia campanulariaPhacelia campanulariaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual0.1-0.5 metres0.5RHS UK100Phacelia campanulariaPhaceliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaePhaceliaPhacelia tanacetifoliaPhacelia tanacetifoliaWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV100Phacelia tanacetifoliaPhaceliaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhalarisPhalaris angustaPhalaris angustaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual110 cm1.1FO NZ V100Phalaris angustaPhalarisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhalarisPhalaris aquaticaPhalaris aquaticaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial60-200 cm2FO NZ V001Phalaris aquaticaPhalarisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhalarisPhalaris arundinaceaPhalaris arundinaceaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial60-200 cm2FO NZ V001Phalaris arundinaceaPhalarisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhalarisPhalaris canariensisPhalaris canariensisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual35-90 cm0.9FO NZ V100Phalaris canariensisPhalarisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhalarisPhalaris minorPhalaris minorWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual10-100 cm1FO NZ V100Phalaris minorPhalarisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhalarisPhalaris paradoxaPhalaris paradoxaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual20-80 cm0.8FO NZ V100Phalaris paradoxaPhalarisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaePhaseolusPhaseolus coccineusPhaseolus coccineusWild0DicotsherbperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Phaseolus coccineusPhaseolusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaePhaseolusPhaseolus lunatusPhaseolus lunatusWild0Dicotsherbannual to biennialclimberNAFO NZ IV110Phaseolus lunatusPhaseolusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCornalesHydrangeaceaePhiladelphusPhiladelphus ×cymosusPhiladelphus ×cymosusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 5 m or more5Webb et al. 1995001Philadelphus x cymosusPhiladelphusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCornalesHydrangeaceaePhiladelphusPhiladelphus mexicanusPhiladelphus mexicanusWild0DicotsvineperennialEvergreen, climbing or scrambling shrub up to 8 m high8Heenan et al. 1998001Philadelphus mexicanusPhiladelphusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhleumPhleum pratensePhleum pratenseWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 1 m1FO NZ V001Phleum pratensePhleumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataePhlomisPhlomis fruticosaPhlomis fruticosaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialc. 1 m high1Webb et al. 1995001Phlomis fruticosaPhlomisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataePhlomisPhlomis russelianaPhlomis russelianaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto about 90 cm tall0.9POWO001Phlomis russelianaPhlomisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPolemoniaceaePhloxPhlox drummondiiPhlox drummondiiWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV100Phlox drummondiiPhloxFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPolemoniaceaePhloxPhlox paniculataPhlox paniculataWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 1 m high1FO NZ IV001Phlox paniculataPhloxFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPolemoniaceaePhloxPhlox subulataPhlox subulataSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialmat-forming with prostrate or sprawling stemsNAFO NZ IV001Phlox subulataPhloxCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaArecalesPalmaePhoenixPhoenix canariensisPhoenix canariensisWild1Monocotstreeperennialup to 6 m tall6FO NZ III001Phoenix canariensisPhoenixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePhotiniaPhotinia davidsoniaePhotinia davidsoniaeWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 12 m high in cultivation12Webb et al. 1995001Photinia davidsoniaePhotiniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePhotiniaPhotinia glabraPhotinia glabraSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees evergreen, 3–5 m tall, rarely to 7 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhragmitesPhragmites australisPhragmites australisWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennial1.5-3 m3FO NZ V001Phragmites australisPhragmitesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhragmitesPhragmites karkaPhragmites karkaSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialRobust perennial from an extensive creeping rhizome. Culms very stout, often woody, 4–6 m tall6FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaePhygeliusPhygelius capensisPhygelius capensisWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Phygelius capensisPhygeliusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaePhylaPhyla nodifloraPhyla nodifloraWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 0.2 m0.2PFAF001Phyla nodifloraPhylaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRhamnaceaePhylicaPhylica gnidioidesPhylica gnidioidesSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialcompact, many branched, rounded shrub, up to 900 mm high and with a 1 m spreadNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRhamnaceaePhylicaPhylica plumosaPhylica plumosaSometimes presentCHR 6442270DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPhyllanthaceaePhyllanthusPhyllanthus amarusPhyllanthus amarusSometimes present0DicotsherbannualNAFO NZ IV100Phyllanthus amarusPhyllanthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesPhyllanthaceaePhyllanthusPhyllanthus debilisPhyllanthus debilisSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual, forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhyllostachysPhyllostachys aureaPhyllostachys aureaWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm usually 3-6 m6FO NZ V001Phyllostachys aureaPhyllostachysFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhyllostachysPhyllostachys bambusoidesPhyllostachys bambusoidesWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 10-12 m12FO NZ V001Phyllostachys bambusoidesPhyllostachysFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhyllostachysPhyllostachys heterocyclaPhyllostachys heterocyclaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(bamboo) Perennial, GraminoidNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePhyllostachysPhyllostachys nigraPhyllostachys nigraWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 10-12 m; Culms 4–8(–10) m12FO NZ V; FO China001Phyllostachys nigraPhyllostachysFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaePhysalisPhysalis angulataPhysalis angulataSometimes present0DicotsherbannualHerbs annual, 30-50 cm tall0.5FO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaePhysalisPhysalis ixocarpaPhysalis ixocarpaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 2.5-3.5 ft1.1MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaePhysalisPhysalis peruvianaPhysalis peruvianaWild1Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennial(15)-20-150-(200) cm tall2FO NZ IV111Physalis peruvianaPhysalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaePhysalisPhysalis philadelphicaPhysalis philadelphicaWild0Dicotsherbannualstems to c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Physalis philadelphicaPhysalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaePhysalisPhysalis pubescensPhysalis pubescensWild0Dicotsherbannualstems to c. 90 cm tall0.9FO NZ IV100Physalis pubescensPhysalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePhysocarpusPhysocarpus opulifoliusPhysocarpus opulifoliusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial5 to 8 feet2.4MO Bot Garden001Physocarpus opulifoliusPhysocarpusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPhytolaccaceaePhytolaccaPhytolacca americanaPhytolacca americanaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Phytolacca americanaPhytolaccaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPhytolaccaceaePhytolaccaPhytolacca clavigeraPhytolacca clavigeraWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 1.5 m high1.5FO NZ IV001Phytolacca clavigeraPhytolaccaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPhytolaccaceaePhytolaccaPhytolacca octandraPhytolacca octandraWild1Dicotssubshrubperennialto c. 2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Phytolacca octandraPhytolaccaFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePiceaPicea abiesPicea abiesWild0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 40-50(-60) m tall60Farjon 2010001Picea abiesPiceaCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePiceaPicea sitchensisPicea sitchensisWild0GymnospermstreeperennialLarge tree; Trees to 60-85(-90) m tall90FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Picea sitchensisPiceaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaePicrisPicris hieracioidesPicris hieracioidesSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennial to perennial30-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV011Picris hieracioidesPicrisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaePierisPieris japonicaPieris japonicaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrubs or small trees, (1–)4(–10) m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesUrticaceaePileaPilea nummulariifoliaPilea nummulariifoliaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialStem repent or trailing, rooting at most of the nodes, villosulous, Hierbas hasta 10 cmNATROPICOS; USDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaePilosellaPilosella ×stolonifloraPilosella ×stolonifloraWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Hieracium x stoloniferum) Flowering stems erect, (5)-15-30-(50) cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Hieracium x stoloniflorumHieraciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaePilosellaPilosella aurantiacaPilosella aurantiacaWild1Dicotsherbperennial(as Hieracium aurantiacum) Flowering stems erect, (6)-15-40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV001Hieracium aurantiacumHieraciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaePilosellaPilosella caespitosaPilosella caespitosaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Hieracium caespitosum) Flowering stems erect, (10)-20-50-(80) cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Hieracium caespitosumHieraciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaePilosellaPilosella officinarumPilosella officinarumWild1Dicotsherbperennial(as Hieracium pilosella) Flowering stems erect, (2)-5-10-(15) cm tall0.15FO NZ IV001Hieracium pilosellaHieraciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaePilosellaPilosella piloselloidesPilosella piloselloidesWild1Dicotsherbperennial(as Hieracium piloselloides) Plants 15–40(–70+) cm; (as Hieracium piloselloides) Perennial, forb/herb0.7FO NA; USDA PLANTS001Hieracium praealtumHieraciumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLentibulariaceaePinguiculaPinguicula grandifloraPinguicula grandifloraSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial herb with all leaves forming a basal rosetteNANZPCN001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus banksianaPinus banksianaWild1Gymnospermstreeperennialto 10 m high (to c. 16 m in cultivation)16FO NZ IV001Pinus banksianaPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus canariensisPinus canariensisSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 45 m tall45Farjon 2010001Pinus canariensisPinusCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus contortaPinus contortaWild1GymnospermstreeperennialLarge shrub, or small to medium-sized tree; Shrubs or trees to 50 m tall50Farjon 2010001Pinus contortaPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus coulteriPinus coulteriSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 15-25 m tall25Farjon 2010001Pinus coulteriPinusCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus elliottiiPinus elliottiiSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 30 m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus halepensisPinus halepensisWild1Gymnospermstreeperennialto c. 15 m high15FO NZ IV001Pinus halepensisPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus monticolaPinus monticolaWild0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 60-70 m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus mugoPinus mugoWild1GymnospermstreeperennialSmall tree or multi-stemmed shrub; Shrubs to 5 m tall5FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Pinus mugoPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus muricataPinus muricataWild1GymnospermstreeperennialSmall to medium-sized tree; Shrubs or small trees to 15(-25) m tall25FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Pinus muricataPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus nigraPinus nigraWild1GymnospermstreeperennialMedium-sized to large tree; Trees to 40 m tall (-50 m in Corsica)40FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Pinus nigraPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus patulaPinus patulaWild1Gymnospermstreeperennialto c. 20 m high in cultivation20FO NZ IV001Pinus patulaPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus pinasterPinus pinasterWild1GymnospermstreeperennialMedium-sized to large tree; Trees to (25-)30(-40) m tall40FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Pinus pinasterPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus pineaPinus pineaSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 20-25 m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus ponderosaPinus ponderosaWild1Gymnospermstreeperennialover 30 m high in cultivation30FO NZ IV001Pinus ponderosaPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus radiataPinus radiataWild1GymnospermstreeperennialMedium-sized to very large tree; Trees to 20-25(-33) m tall33FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Pinus radiataPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus strobusPinus strobusWild1GymnospermstreeperennialSmall to large tree; Trees to 67 m tall (most large trees now only to 50 m)67FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Pinus strobusPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrisWild1GymnospermstreeperennialMedium-sized to large tree; Trees to 35(-40) m tall (most trees in natural habitats not taller than 25 m)40FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Pinus sylvestrisPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus taedaPinus taedaWild0GymnospermstreeperennialMedium-sized to large tree; Trees to 45 m tall (usually to ca. 30 m)45FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Pinus taedaPinusFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePinusPinus wallichianaPinus wallichianaSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 50-60(-70) m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaePiptanthusPiptanthus laburnifoliusPiptanthus laburnifoliusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial(as Piptanthus nepalensis) Shrubs, 1.5-3 m tall3FO China001Piptanthus laburnifoliusPiptanthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePiptatherumPiptatherum miliaceumPiptatherum miliaceumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 130 cm1.3FO NZ V001Piptatherum miliaceumPiptatherumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePiptochaetiumPiptochaetium depressumPiptochaetium depressumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialfine-leaved caespitose perennial about 15 to 60 cm high (including the flowering stem)NAFord & Lusk 2013001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaePistiaPistia stratiotesPistia stratiotesSometimes present0Monocotsherbperennialaquatic herbNAFO NZ III001Pistia stratiotesPistiaEradicated TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaePisumPisum sativumPisum sativumSometimes present0DicotsherbannualscramblerNAFO NZ IV100Pisum sativumPisumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaePithecocteniumPithecoctenium crucigerumPithecoctenium crucigerumSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialPerennial vine; vine/lianeNAUSDA PLANTS; TROPICOS001Pithecoctenium crucigerumPithecocteniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesPittosporaceaePittosporumPittosporum undulatumPittosporum undulatumWild0Dicotstreeperennial3-8 m tall8Heenan et al. 2002001Pittosporum undulatumPittosporumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaePlantagoPlantago afraPlantago afraSometimes present0DicotsherbannualNAFO NZ IV100Plantago afraPlantagoCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaePlantagoPlantago aristataPlantago aristataWild0DicotsherbannualScape c. 5-60 cm long, lvs all radical0.6FO NZ IV100Plantago aristataPlantagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaePlantagoPlantago australisPlantago australisWild0DicotsherbperennialScape c. 5-60 cm long, lvs all radical0.6FO NZ IV001Plantago australisPlantagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaePlantagoPlantago coronopusPlantago coronopusWild1Dicotsherbannual or perennialScapes 3-45 cm long, lvs all radical0.45FO NZ IV111Plantago coronopusPlantagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaePlantagoPlantago debilisPlantago debilisWild0DicotsherbperennialScape 2-7-(14) cm long, lvs all radical0.14FO NZ IV001Plantago debilisPlantagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaePlantagoPlantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolataWild0DicotsherbperennialScape 12-70 cm long, lvs all radical0.7FO NZ IV001Plantago lanceolataPlantagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaePlantagoPlantago majorPlantago majorWild0DicotsherbperennialScapes c. 5-80 cm long, lvs all radical0.8FO NZ IV001Plantago majorPlantagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaePlantagoPlantago scabraPlantago scabraWild0Dicotsherbannualstems to c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Plantago scabraPlantagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesPlatanaceaePlatanusPlatanus ×hispanicaPlatanus ×hispanicaWild0Dicotstreeperennial(as Platanus x acerifolia) up to 35 m high35Heenan et al. 2008001Platanus x acerifoliaPlatanusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesPlatanaceaePlatanusPlatanus orientalisPlatanus orientalisSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees deciduous, to 30 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPolypodiaceaePlatyceriumPlatycerium bifurcatumPlatycerium bifurcatumSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialepiphyteNAHeenan et al. 2004001Platycerium bifurcatumPlatyceriumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataePlectranthusPlectranthus ciliatusPlectranthus ciliatusWild1Dicotsherb-subshrubperennialherb or subshrub, trailing or stragglingNAFO NZ IV001Plectranthus ciliatusPlectranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataePlectranthusPlectranthus eckloniiPlectranthus eckloniiWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto nearly 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Plectranthus eckloniiPlectranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataePlectranthusPlectranthus elegansPlectranthus elegansSometimes present0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataePlectranthusPlectranthus fruticosusPlectranthus fruticosusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialperennial -Shrub, Herb - Ht 0.6 - 2 m2CJB Africa001Plectranthus behriiPlectranthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataePlectranthusPlectranthus saccatusPlectranthus saccatusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialabout 1.2 m1.2PlantzAfrica001Plectranthus saccatusPlectranthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePleioblastusPleioblastus auricomusPleioblastus auricomusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm usually 0.5-1.5 m1.5FO NZ V001Pleioblastus auricomusPleioblastusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePleioblastusPleioblastus chinoPleioblastus chinoWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm usually 1.5-3 m3FO NZ V001Pleioblastus chinoPleioblastusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePleioblastusPleioblastus gramineusPleioblastus gramineusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms c. 2-c. 3 m3FO NZ V001Pleioblastus gramineusPleioblastusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePleioblastusPleioblastus hindsiiPleioblastus hindsiiWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm usually 4-6 m6FO NZ V001Pleioblastus hindsiiPleioblastusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePleioblastusPleioblastus variegatusPleioblastus variegatusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 30-60 cm0.6FO NZ V001Pleioblastus variegatusPleioblastusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPlumbaginaceaePlumbagoPlumbago auriculataPlumbago auriculataSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial3 m3PlantzAfrica001Plumbago auriculataPlumbagoCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa alpinaPoa alpinaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial10-30 cm0.3FO NZ V001Poa alpinaPoaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa annuaPoa annuaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual or short-lived perennialto 35 cm0.35FO NZ V111Poa annuaPoaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa bulbosaPoa bulbosaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto c. 10 cm0.1FO NZ V001Poa bulbosaPoaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa compressaPoa compressaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto c. 40 cm0.4FO NZ V001Poa compressaPoaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa infirmaPoa infirmaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannualto 25 cm0.25FO NZ V100Poa infirmaPoaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa labillardiereiPoa labillardiereiWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto c. 120 cm1.2FO NZ V001Poa labillardiereiPoaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa nemoralisPoa nemoralisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 50 cm0.5FO NZ V001Poa nemoralisPoaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa palustrisPoa palustrisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 80 cm0.8FO NZ V001Poa palustrisPoaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa pelasgisPoa pelasgisWildSpecimens of Poa bulbosa var. vivipara have been re-identifed by R. Soreng as Poa pelasgis0MonocotscaespitoseperennialGramen perenne dense caespitosum…Culmi 15-20 cm alti0.2Scholz 1985001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa pratensisPoa pratensisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialc. 10-50 cm0.5FO NZ V001Poa pratensisPoaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa remotaPoa remotaSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms erect, 50-150 cm tall1.5FO China001Poa remotaPoaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa sieberianaPoa sieberianaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto c. 80 cm0.8FO NZ V001Poa sieberianaPoaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePoaPoa trivialisPoa trivialisWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialc. 20-90 cm0.9FO NZ V001Poa trivialisPoaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaePodalyriaPodalyria sericeaPodalyria sericeaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 1 m tall1Webb et al. 1995001Podalyria sericeaPodalyriaFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPodocarpaceaePodocarpusPodocarpus elatusPodocarpus elatusSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 30 m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPodocarpaceaePodocarpusPodocarpus elongatusPodocarpus elongatusSometimes present0Gymnospermstree-shrubperennialShrubs or small trees usually 3-6 m tall, but on occasion attaining 20 mNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPodocarpaceaePodocarpusPodocarpus macrophyllusPodocarpus macrophyllusSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees (or shrubs) to 20 m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaePodraneaPodranea ricasolianaPodranea ricasolianaWild0DicotsvineperennialVigorous, evergreen, glabrous lianeNAFO NZ IV001Podranea ricasolianaPodraneaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPolemoniaceaePolemoniumPolemonium caeruleumPolemonium caeruleumWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV001Polemonium caeruleumPolemoniumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaePolycarponPolycarpon tetraphyllumPolycarpon tetraphyllumWild0Dicotsherbannual, biennial or perennialStems erect to ascending…5-20 cm long0.2FO NZ IV111Polycarpon tetraphyllumPolycarponFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesPolygalaceaePolygalaPolygala myrtifoliaPolygala myrtifoliaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Polygala myrtifoliaPolygalaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesPolygalaceaePolygalaPolygala serpyllifoliaPolygala serpyllifoliaWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 15-(25) cm high0.25FO NZ IV001Polygala serpyllifoliaPolygalaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesPolygalaceaePolygalaPolygala verticillataPolygala verticillataWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 30 cm high0.3FO NZ IV100Polygala verticillataPolygalaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesPolygalaceaePolygalaPolygala virgataPolygala virgataWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Polygala virgataPolygalaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesPolygalaceaePolygalaPolygala vulgarisPolygala vulgarisWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 20-(30) cm high0.3FO NZ IV001Polygala vulgarisPolygalaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaePolygonatumPolygonatum ×hybridumPolygonatum ×hybridumWild0Monocotsherbperennial1-1.5 metres1.5RHS UK001Polygonatum x hybridumPolygonatumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaePolygonatumPolygonatum multiflorumPolygonatum multiflorumSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialRhizomes terete, Stems 15-90 cmNAFO Pakistan001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePolygonumPolygonum arenastrumPolygonum arenastrumWild0Dicotsherbannualprostrate or decumbentNAFO NZ IV100Polygonum arenastrumPolygonumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaePolygonumPolygonum avicularePolygonum aviculareWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialmostly prostrate or decumbent NAFO NZ IV110Polygonum avicularePolygonumFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPolypodiaceaePolypodiumPolypodium vulgarePolypodium vulgareWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialcreepingNAFO NZ IV001Polypodium vulgarePolypodiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePolypogonPolypogon fugaxPolypogon fugaxWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual4-70-(90) cm0.9FO NZ V100Polypogon fugaxPolypogonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePolypogonPolypogon monspeliensisPolypogon monspeliensisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual5-70-(100) cm1FO NZ V100Polypogon monspeliensisPolypogonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePolypogonPolypogon viridisPolypogon viridisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual or perennial15-50-(90) cm0.9FO NZ V111Polypogon viridisPolypogonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesTheaceaePolysporaPolyspora axillarisPolyspora axillarisSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrubs or trees, to 9 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaePolystichumPolystichum lentumPolystichum lentumSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAFO NZ IV001Polystichum lentumPolystichumCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaePolystichumPolystichum polyblepharumPolystichum polyblepharumSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAHeenan et al. 2004001Polystichum polyblepharumPolystichumCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaePolystichumPolystichum proliferumPolystichum proliferumWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAFO NZ IV001Polystichum proliferumPolystichumFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesDryopteridaceaePolystichumPolystichum setiferumPolystichum setiferumWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAFO NZ IV001Polystichum setiferum cv. \Divisilobium Pulcherrimum\PolystichumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRhamnaceaePomaderrisPomaderris asperaPomaderris asperaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Pomaderris asperaPomaderrisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaePopulusPopulus ×canadensisPopulus ×canadensisWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 30 m high30FO NZ IV001Populus x canadensisPopulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaePopulusPopulus ×canescensPopulus ×canescensWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 30 m30PFAF001Populus x canescensPopulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaePopulusPopulus ×gileadensisPopulus ×gileadensisWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 60 m high60FO NZ IV001Populus x gileadensisPopulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaePopulusPopulus albaPopulus albaWild1Dicotstreeperennialto c. 25 m high25FO NZ IV001Populus albaPopulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaePopulusPopulus deltoidesPopulus deltoidesWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 30 m high30FO NZ IV001Populus deltoidesPopulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaePopulusPopulus lasiocarpaPopulus lasiocarpaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees to 20 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaePopulusPopulus nigraPopulus nigraWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 20 m high (more in cultivation)20FO NZ IV001Populus nigraPopulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaePopulusPopulus tremulaPopulus tremulaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 16 m high16FO NZ IV001Populus tremulaPopulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaePopulusPopulus trichocarpaPopulus trichocarpaWild0Dicotstreeperennialup to 30-60 m tall60USDA PLANTS001Populus trichocarpaPopulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaePopulusPopulus yunnanensisPopulus yunnanensisWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 20 m tall20FO China001Populus yunnanensisPopulusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPortulacaceaePortulacaPortulaca grandifloraPortulaca grandifloraSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual0.25-0.75 feet0.23MO Bot Garden100Portulaca grandifloraPortulacaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPortulacaceaePortulacaPortulaca oleraceaPortulaca oleraceaWild0DicotsherbannualStems prostrate to ascendingNAFO NZ IV100Portulaca oleraceaPortulacaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPortulacaceaePortulacaPortulaca pilosaPortulaca pilosaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualPlants annualNAFO NA100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesPotamogetonaceaePotamogetonPotamogeton crispusPotamogeton crispusWild1MonocotsherbperennialEntirely submersed; rhizomatous. Stems to 180 cm long; Perennial forb/herbNAFO NZ III; USDA PLANTS001Potamogeton crispusPotamogetonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePotentillaPotentilla anglicaPotentilla anglicaWild0DicotsherbperennialcreepingNAFO NZ IV001Potentilla anglicaPotentillaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePotentillaPotentilla argenteaPotentilla argenteaWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Potentilla argenteaPotentillaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePotentillaPotentilla crantziiPotentilla crantziiSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Potentilla neumanniana) Perennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Potentilla crantziiPotentillaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePotentillaPotentilla indicaPotentilla indicaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Duchesnea indica) up to 10-(15) cm high0.15FO NZ IV001Duchesnea indicaDuchesneaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePotentillaPotentilla nepalensisPotentilla nepalensisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial, erect or ascending, rarely prostrate herb. Rootstock woody. Stem 30-50 cm longNAFO Pakistan001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePotentillaPotentilla norvegicaPotentilla norvegicaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual, biennial or perennialAnnual, biennial, or perennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS111Potentilla norvegicaPotentillaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePotentillaPotentilla rectaPotentilla rectaWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 60-(80) cm tall at flowering0.8FO NZ IV001Potentilla rectaPotentillaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePotentillaPotentilla reptansPotentilla reptansWild0DicotsherbperennialprocumbentNAFO NZ IV001Potentilla reptansPotentillaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaePrimulaPrimula malacoidesPrimula malacoidesWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialInfloresence scapose to c. 40 cm high0.4Webb et al. 1995110Primula malacoidesPrimulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaePrimulaPrimula proliferaPrimula proliferaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial0.5-1 metres1RHS UK001Primula proliferaPrimulaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaePrimulaPrimula vulgarisPrimula vulgarisWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 10 cm0.1Webb et al. 1995; RHS UK001Primula vulgarisPrimulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeProteaProtea subvestitaProtea subvestitaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree 2-5 m high5PlantzAfrica001Protea subvestitaProteaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataePrunellaPrunella ×hybridaPrunella ×hybridaSometimes present0Dicotsperennialhybrid of P. vulgaris and P. laciniataNA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataePrunellaPrunella laciniataPrunella laciniataWild0Dicotsherbperennial0.3 m0.3USDA PLANTS; BROT001Prunella laciniataPrunellaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataePrunellaPrunella vulgarisPrunella vulgarisWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 30 cm tall0.3POWO001Prunella vulgarisPrunellaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus ×domesticaPrunus ×domesticaWild1Dicotstreeperennialup to c. 6-(9) m high9FO NZ IV001Prunus x domesticaPrunusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus armeniacaPrunus armeniacaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 9 m9PFAF001Prunus armeniacaPrunusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus aviumPrunus aviumWild1Dicotstreeperennial5-12-(15) m high 15FO NZ IV001Prunus aviumPrunusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus campanulataPrunus campanulataWild1Dicotstreeperennial3-8 m high8FO NZ IV001Prunus campanulataPrunusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus cerasiferaPrunus cerasiferaWild1Dicotstreeperennialup to 8 m high8FO NZ IV001Prunus cerasiferaPrunusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus cerasoidesPrunus cerasoidesSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial(as Cerasus cerasoides) Trees 3–10(–30) m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus cerasusPrunus cerasusWild0Dicotstreeperennial4-6-(10) m high10FO NZ IV001Prunus cerasusPrunusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus dulcisPrunus dulcisSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree, Height: 10-15 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus laurocerasusPrunus laurocerasusWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or tree up to c. 10 m high10FO NZ IV001Prunus laurocerasusPrunusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus lusitanicaPrunus lusitanicaWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to c. 7 m high7FO NZ IV001Prunus lusitanicaPrunusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus mahalebPrunus mahalebWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialsmall tree or large shrub up to 6-(10) m high10FO NZ IV001Prunus mahalebPrunusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus persicaPrunus persicaWild1Dicotstreeperennialup to 4-(6) m high6FO NZ IV001Prunus persicaPrunusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus serotinaPrunus serotinaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 18 m18PFAF001Prunus serotinaPrunusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus serrulataPrunus serrulataWild1Dicotstreeperennial4-12-(15) m high15FO NZ IV001Prunus serrulataPrunusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePrunusPrunus spinosaPrunus spinosaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree, commonly up to 4 m tall4POWO001Prunus spinosaPrunusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePseudocydoniaPseudocydonia sinensisPseudocydonia sinensisSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial(as Cydonia sinensis) c. 4-6 m high6FO NZ IV001Cydonia sinensisCydoniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaePseudofumariaPseudofumaria luteaPseudofumaria luteaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Corydalis lutea) perennial herb. Stems erect or suberect, to 30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV001Corydalis luteaCorydalisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePseudosasaPseudosasa japonicaPseudosasa japonicaWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 3-5 m5FO NZ V001Pseudosasa japonicaPseudosasaFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaePseudotsugaPseudotsuga menziesiiPseudotsuga menziesiiWild1GymnospermstreeperennialLarge or very large tree; Trees to 90-100(-110?) m tall100FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Pseudotsuga menziesiiPseudotsugaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaePsidiumPsidium cattleyanumPsidium cattleianumWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialLarge shrub or small tree to 6 m high6FO NZ IV001Psidium cattleianumPsidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaePsidiumPsidium guajavaPsidium guajavaWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to c. 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Psidium guajavaPsidiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaePsophocarpusPsophocarpus tetragonolobusPsophocarpus tetragonolobusSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or perennialHerbs, annual or perennial, climbing, with tubers. Stems 2-3 m or moreNAFO China111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaePsoraleaPsoralea pinnataPsoralea pinnataWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub to small tree to c. 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Psoralea pinnataPsoraleaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesRutaceaePteleaPtelea trifoliataPtelea trifoliataSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialTree, Height: 15-20 ft; Perennial, Shrub, TreeNAMO Bot Garden; USDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPteridaceaePterisPteris argyraeaPteris argyraeaSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAHeenan et al. 2008001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPteridaceaePterisPteris creticaPteris creticaWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAFO NZ IV001Pteris creticaPterisFully naturalised TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPteridaceaePterisPteris dentataPteris dentataSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNACJB Africa001Pteris dentataPterisCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPteridaceaePterisPteris ensiformisPteris ensiformisSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialPlants 30-50 cm tall0.5FO China001 TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPteridaceaePterisPteris pacificaPteris pacificaSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialNAHeenan et al. 2002001Pteris pacificaPterisCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPteridaceaePterisPteris parkeriPteris parkeriSometimes presentParris, B.S. 2018: Pteris parkeri hort. ex J.J.Parker, a new naturalised fern . New Zealand Botanical Society Newsletter 131: 8-9.0FernsAndAlliesfernNANANANA TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaPolypodialesPteridaceaePterisPteris vittataPteris vittataWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialPlants (20-)30-100(-150) cm tall1.5FO China001Pteris vittataPterisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesJuglandaceaePterocaryaPterocarya ×rehderianaPterocarya ×rehderianaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialdeciduous tree typically matures to 50-72 ft tall (cross between P. fraxinifolia and P. stenoptera)21.6MO Bot Garden001Pterocarya x rehderianaPterocaryaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaePterocephalusPterocephalus lasiospermusPterocephalus lasiospermusSometimes present0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaePtilostemonPtilostemon aferPtilostemon aferWild0Dicotsherbbiennial to perennial20-50-(100) cm tall, monocarpic1FO NZ IV011Ptilostemon aferPtilostemonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePuccinelliaPuccinellia distansPuccinellia distansWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial8-80 cm0.8FO NZ V001Puccinellia distansPuccinelliaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePuccinelliaPuccinellia fasciculataPuccinellia fasciculataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(3)-10-65 cm0.65FO NZ V001Puccinellia fasciculataPuccinelliaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaePuccinelliaPuccinellia rupestrisPuccinellia rupestrisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual or biennial(6)-10-35 cm0.35FO NZ V110Puccinellia rupestrisPuccinelliaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaePuerariaPueraria lobataPueraria lobataSometimes present0Dicotsvineperennial(as Pueraria montana var. lobata) Perennial vineNAUSDA PLANTS001Pueraria lobataPuerariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaePulicariaPulicaria dysentericaPulicaria dysentericaWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 50-(70) cm tall0.7FO NZ IV001Pulicaria dysentericaPulicariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaePultenaeaPultenaea daphnoidesPultenaea daphnoidesWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Pultenaea daphnoidesPultenaeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesLythraceaePunicaPunica granatumPunica granatumSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialusually 1.5-2.5 m high2.5Webb et al. 1995001Punica granatumPunicaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesBromeliaceaePuyaPuya chilensisPuya chilensisSometimes present0MonocotsperennialForms large clumps with dense rosettes; leaves grey-green, elongated, curved with hooked spines on margins . Yellow flowers on erect emergent spikes up to 2m tallNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePyracanthaPyracantha angustifoliaPyracantha angustifoliaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to 2.5-(5) m high5FO NZ IV001Pyracantha angustifoliaPyracanthaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePyracanthaPyracantha crenatoserrataPyracantha crenatoserrataWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Pyracantha crenatoserrataPyracanthaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePyracanthaPyracantha crenulataPyracantha crenulataWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 2-(5) m high5FO NZ IV001Pyracantha crenulataPyracanthaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaePyrostegiaPyrostegia venustaPyrostegia venustaSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialLianaNATROPICOS001Pyrostegia venustaPyrostegiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaePyrusPyrus communisPyrus communisWild0Dicotstreeperennialc. 6-12 m high (to c. 15 m in cultivation)15FO NZ IV001Pyrus communisPyrusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesFagaceaeQuercusQuercus acutissimaQuercus acutissimaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees to 30 m tall, deciduousNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesFagaceaeQuercusQuercus cerrisQuercus cerrisWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 25 m tall in cultivation25FO NZ IV001Quercus cerrisQuercusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesFagaceaeQuercusQuercus ilexQuercus ilexWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 25 m tall in cultivation25FO NZ IV001Quercus ilexQuercusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesFagaceaeQuercusQuercus palustrisQuercus palustrisSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialPerennial tree, 100.0 ft mature height30.5USDA PLANTS001Quercus palustrisQuercusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesFagaceaeQuercusQuercus roburQuercus roburWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 30 m tall in cultivation30FO NZ IV001Quercus roburQuercusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFagalesFagaceaeQuercusQuercus rubraQuercus rubraWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 25 m tall in cultivation25FO NZ IV001Quercus rubraQuercusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesQuillajaceaeQuillajaQuillaja saponariaQuillaja saponariaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree; to 18 m18TROPICOS; PFAF001Quillaja saponariaQuillajaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaeRadermacheraRadermachera sinicaRadermachera sinicaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial(as Radermachera pentandra) ca. 20 m tall20FO China001Radermachera pentandraRadermacheraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesLinaceaeRadiolaRadiola linoidesRadiola linoidesSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual, forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus acrisRanunculus acrisWild0Dicotsherbperennial(30)-60-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV001Ranunculus acrisRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus arvensisRanunculus arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual10-30-(50) cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Ranunculus arvensisRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus bulbosusRanunculus bulbosusWild0Dicotsherbperennial(15)-20-30-(60) cm long0.6FO NZ IV001Ranunculus bulbosusRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus flammulaRanunculus flammulaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(15)-30-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Ranunculus flammulaRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus muricatusRanunculus muricatusWild0Dicotsherbannual10-30-(50) cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Ranunculus muricatusRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus ophioglossifoliusRanunculus ophioglossifoliusWild0Dicotsherbperennial(15)-30-45 cm tall0.45FO NZ IV001Ranunculus ophioglossifoliusRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus parviflorusRanunculus parviflorusWild0Dicotsherbannual(5)-10-30-(45) cm tall0.45FO NZ IV100Ranunculus parviflorusRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus repensRanunculus repensWild0DicotsherbperennialdecumbentNAFO NZ IV001Ranunculus repensRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus sardousRanunculus sardousWild0Dicotsherbannual20-45 cm tall0.45FO NZ IV100Ranunculus sardousRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus sceleratusRanunculus sceleratusWild0Dicotsherbannual(10)-30-60-(75) cm tall0.75FO NZ IV100Ranunculus sceleratusRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus sessiliflorusRanunculus sessiliflorusWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual, pilose or sometimes subglabrousNANSW Flora100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeRanunculusRanunculus trichophyllusRanunculus trichophyllusWild0Dicotsherbperennialaquatic herb, rarely terrestrial. Stems up to 1-(2) m longNAFO NZ IV001Ranunculus trichophyllusRanunculusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeRaphanusRaphanus raphanistrumRaphanus raphanistrumWild0Dicotsherbannual to perennial(10)-20-80-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV111Raphanus raphanistrumRaphanusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeRaphanusRaphanus sativusRaphanus sativusWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(10)-40-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV110Raphanus sativusRaphanusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeRapistrumRapistrum rugosumRapistrum rugosumWild0Dicotsherbannual(10)-20-60-(80) cm tall0.8FO NZ IV100Rapistrum rugosumRapistrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeReineckeaReineckea carneaReineckea carneaSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialRhizome terete, Leaves 3-8, linear, narrowly oblanceolate, or lanceolate, 10-40 × 0.5-3.5 cmNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesLinaceaeReinwardtiaReinwardtia indicaReinwardtia indicaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs, to 1 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesResedaceaeResedaReseda albaReseda albaWild0Dicotsherbannual to perennial30-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV111Reseda albaResedaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesResedaceaeResedaReseda luteaReseda luteaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial to perennial30-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV011Reseda luteaResedaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesResedaceaeResedaReseda luteolaReseda luteolaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial50-150 cm tall1.5FO NZ IV010Reseda luteolaResedaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesResedaceaeResedaReseda odorataReseda odorataSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual0.1-0.5 metres0.5RHS UK100Reseda odorataResedaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRhamnaceaeRhamnusRhamnus alaternusRhamnus alaternusWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 5 m high, often less than 1 m in exposed sites5FO NZ IV001Rhamnus alaternusRhamnusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRhaphiolepisRhaphiolepis ×delacouriiRhaphiolepis ×delacouriiSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial1-2 m high2FO NZ IV001Rhaphiolepis x delacouriiRhaphiolepisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRhaphiolepisRhaphiolepis indicaRhaphiolepis indicaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs, rarely small trees, to 4 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRhaphiolepisRhaphiolepis umbellataRhaphiolepis umbellataWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub up to c. 3 m high; Shrubs or small trees, 2–4 m tall4FO NZ IV; FO China001Rhaphiolepis umbellataRhaphiolepisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRheumRheum ×rhabarbarumRheum ×rhabarbarumWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Rheum rhabarbarum) 3-20(-30) dm3FO NA001Rheum rhabarbarumRheumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeRhododendronRhododendron arboreumRhododendron arboreumSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees, usually evergreen, (1–)5–20(–30) m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeRhododendronRhododendron decorumRhododendron decorumSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrubs or small trees 1-6 m tall6FO China001Rhododendron decorumRhododendronCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeRhododendronRhododendron maddeniiRhododendron maddeniiSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrubs or small trees, 3–6 m tall6FO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeRhododendronRhododendron ponticumRhododendron ponticumWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 6 m high6FO NZ IV001Rhododendron ponticumRhododendronFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesAnacardiaceaeRhusRhus typhinaRhus typhinaWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to c. 8 m high8FO NZ IV001Rhus typhinaRhusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeRhynchosporaRhynchospora capitellataRhynchospora capitellataSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPlants perennial, cespitose, 20–100 cmNAFO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeRhynchosporaRhynchospora globularisRhynchospora globularisSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial30-70(-80) cm0.8FO NA001Rhynchospora globularisRhynchosporaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesGrossulariaceaeRibesRibes nigrumRibes nigrumWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 1.5-(2.5) m high2.5FO NZ IV001Ribes nigrumRibesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesGrossulariaceaeRibesRibes odoratumRibes odoratumWild0Dicotsshrubperennial1.5-2-(3) m high3FO NZ IV001Ribes odoratumRibesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesGrossulariaceaeRibesRibes rubrumRibes rubrumWild0Dicotsshrubperennialusually 0.5-1.5 m high1.5FO NZ IV001Ribes rubrumRibesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesGrossulariaceaeRibesRibes sanguineumRibes sanguineumWild1Dicotsshrubperennialshrub 1-2-(3) m high; Perennial, Shrub3FO NZ IV; USDA PLANTS001Ribes sanguineumRibesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesGrossulariaceaeRibesRibes uva-crispaRibes uva-crispaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialusually 0.5-1.5-(2.5) m high2.5FO NZ IV001Ribes uva-crispaRibesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeRichardiaRichardia brasiliensisRichardia brasiliensisSometimes present0DicotsherbannualPlantas con las ramas 10-40 cm; Herbs, annual, decumbent or suberect, to 80 cm or longerNATROPICOS; FO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeRicinusRicinus communisRicinus communisWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to 4 m high4FO NZ IV001Ricinus communisRicinusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeRobiniaRobinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciaWild1Dicotstreeperennialto 25 m high25FO NZ IV001Robinia pseudacaciaRobiniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeRoldanaRoldana petasitisRoldana petasitisWild1Dicotsshrubperennial(as Senecio petasitis) Erect, perennial shrub, up to c. 1-(2) m tall2FO NZ IV001Roldana petasitisRoldanaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesPapaveraceaeRomneyaRomneya coulteriRomneya coulteriSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1.5-2.5 metres2.5RHS UK001Romneya coulteriRomneyaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeRomuleaRomulea minutifloraRomulea minutifloraSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialSmall herb; corm with obliquely flattened baseNANSW Flora; CJB Africa001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeRomuleaRomulea roseaRomulea roseaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialScapes 5-15 cm long0.15FO NZ III001Romulea roseaRomuleaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeRorippaRorippa amphibiaRorippa amphibiaWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Rorippa amphibiaRorippaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeRorippaRorippa sylvestrisRorippa sylvestrisWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-70 cm tall0.7FO NZ IV001Rorippa sylvestrisRorippaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa ×centifoliaRosa ×centifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialusually 1-2 m high2FO NZ IV001Rosa x centifoliaRosaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa ×wichuranaRosa ×wichuranaWild0Dicotsvineperennial(as Rosa wichuriana) climberNAFO NZ IV001Rosa wichurianaRosaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa caninaRosa caninaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 3.5 m high3.5FO NZ IV001Rosa caninaRosaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa chinensis Jacq. hybridsRosa chinensis Jacq. hybridsSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 8 m or more when climbing in trees8POWO001Rosa chinensis hybridsRosaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa gallicaRosa gallicaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 1.5 m high1.5FO NZ IV001Rosa gallicaRosaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa micranthaRosa micranthaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial1-2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV001Rosa micranthaRosaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa moschata hybridsRosa moschata hybridsWild0DicotsvineperennialvineNAFO NZ IV001Rosa moschata hybridsRosaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa multifloraRosa multifloraWild0DicotsvineperennialvineNAFO NZ IV001Rosa multifloraRosaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa odorataRosa odorataSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs evergreen or semi-evergreen, climbing or scramblingNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa pimpinellifoliaRosa pimpinellifoliaWild0Dicotsshrubperennial0.4-1-(1.5) m high1.5FO NZ IV001Rosa pimpinellifoliaRosaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa roxburghiiRosa roxburghiiSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 1 m1Webb et al. 1995001Rosa roxburghiiRosaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa rubiginosaRosa rubiginosaWild1Dicotsshrubperennial1-3-(5) m high5FO NZ IV001Rosa rubiginosaRosaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa rugosaRosa rugosaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Rosa rugosaRosaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa sempervirens hybridsRosa sempervirens hybridsWild0DicotsvineperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Rosa sempervirens hybridsRosaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRosaRosa tomentosaRosa tomentosaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial7-20(-30) dm3FO NA001Rosa tomentosaRosaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeRostrariaRostraria cristataRostraria cristataSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseannual20-40 cm0.4FO NZ V100Rostraria cristataRostrariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesLythraceaeRotalaRotala rotundifoliaRotala rotundifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial or possibly annualHerbs, perennial or possibly annual, to 30 cm0.3FO China111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeRothecaRotheca myricoidesRotheca myricoidesSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialsuckering evergreen shrub which grows to 6-10 ft tall in its native habitat but more typically to 2-4 ft tall in containers3MO Bot Garden001Clerodendrum myricoidesClerodendrumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus ×orariusRubus ×orariusSometimes present0Dicotssubshrubperennial(Rubus orarius as Rubus pergratus) Perennial, SubshrubNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus amplificatusRubus amplificatusSometimes present0DicotsshrubNANANANARubus fruticosus agg. R. amplificatusRubusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus anglocandicansRubus anglocandicansWild0DicotsshrubperennialHigh arching semi-deciduous shrub up to 2 (rarely to 4) m high forming dense thicketsNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus argutusRubus argutusWild0Dicotsshrubperennial2 to 6 ft high1.8IL Wildflowers001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. argutusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus caesiusRubus caesiusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. caesiusRubusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus cardiophyllusRubus cardiophyllusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. cardiophyllusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus cissburiensisRubus cissburiensisWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. cissburiensisRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus echinatusRubus echinatusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. echinatusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus ellipticusRubus ellipticusSometimes presentVoucher: P.J. de Lange14393 & D.J. Blanchon, UNITEC 10706 (Duplicate: CHR) https://inaturalist.nz/observations/263680310DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus errabundusRubus errabundusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. errabundusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus erythropsRubus erythropsWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. erythropsRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus flagellarisRubus flagellarisWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. flagellarisRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus fruticosusRubus fruticosusWild1Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus idaeusRubus idaeusWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to 1.5-(3) m high3FO NZ IV001Rubus idaeusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus laciniatusRubus laciniatusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. laciniatusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus leptothyrsosRubus leptothyrsosWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. leptothyrsosRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus molliorRubus molliorWild0Dicotsshrubperennialerect shrub up to 2.5 m tall2.5FO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. molliorRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus mucronulatusRubus mucronulatusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. mucronulatusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus nemoralisRubus nemoralisWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. nemoralisRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus ostryifoliusRubus ostryifoliusWild0DicotsshrubperennialErect, suckering shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. ostryfoliusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus pentalobusRubus pentalobusSometimes present0Dicots(considered synonym of R. rolfei)NAFO ChinaNANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus phoenicolasiusRubus phoenicolasiusWild1Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus phoenicolasiusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus polyanthemusRubus polyanthemusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. polyanthemusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus procerusRubus procerusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. procerusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus rolfeiRubus rolfeiWild0DicotssubshrubperennialSubshrubs low, with creeping stems and ascending leafy shootsNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus rosifoliusRubus rosifoliusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto 2 m2PFAF001Rubus rosifoliusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus rugosusRubus rugosusWild0DicotsshrubperennialErect shrub forming thickets, suckeringNAFO NZ IV001Rubus rugosusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus tuberculatusRubus tuberculatusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. tuberculatusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus ulmifoliusRubus ulmifoliusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. ulmifoliusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus ursinusRubus ursinusSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs, usually dioecious?, to 2 dmNAFO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeRubusRubus vestitusRubus vestitusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialscrambling shrubNAFO NZ IV001Rubus fruticosus agg. R. vestitusRubusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeRudbeckiaRudbeckia fulgidaRudbeckia fulgidaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennials, to 120 cm (stoloniferous, rosettes forming at stolon apices)1.2FO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeRudbeckiaRudbeckia hirtaRudbeckia hirtaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialless than 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Rudbeckia hirtaRudbeckiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeRudbeckiaRudbeckia laciniataRudbeckia laciniataWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 2-(3) m tall3FO NZ IV001Rudbeckia laciniataRudbeckiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRumexRumex acetosaRumex acetosaWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Rumex acetosaRumexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRumexRumex acetosellaRumex acetosellaWild0DicotsherbperennialFlowering stems erect, c. 3-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV001Rumex acetosellaRumexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRumexRumex browniiRumex browniiWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems… to 100 cm long1FO NZ IV001Rumex browniiRumexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRumexRumex conglomeratusRumex conglomeratusWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems… to c. 1m tall1FO NZ IV001Rumex conglomeratusRumexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRumexRumex crispusRumex crispusWild0Dicotsherbperennialstem to c. 1m tall, ± erect.1FO NZ IV001Rumex crispusRumexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRumexRumex frutescensRumex frutescensWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems aerial, erect, to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Rumex frutescensRumexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRumexRumex obtusifoliusRumex obtusifoliusWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems usually 30-100 cm tall, erect.1FO NZ IV001Rumex obtusifoliusRumexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRumexRumex pulcherRumex pulcherWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Rumex pulcherRumexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRumexRumex sagittatusRumex sagittatusWild1Dicotsherbperennialclimbing or scrambling, stems to c. 3 m longNAFO NZ IV001Rumex sagittatusRumexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRumexRumex tenuifoliusRumex tenuifoliusWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems erect, to c. 25 cm long0.25FO NZ IV001Rumex tenuifoliusRumexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPolygonaceaeRumexRumex vesicariusRumex vesicariusSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual, glabrous glaucous herb, 10-50 cm tall0.5CJB Africa100Rumex vesicariusRumexCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeRuschiaRuschia geminifloraRuschia geminifloraWild0Dicotssubshrubperennialsucculent sub-shrubNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeRuschiaRuschia tumidulaRuschia tumidulaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialsucculent, to 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Ruschia tumidulaRuschiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeRuscusRuscus aculeatusRuscus aculeatusSometimes present0Monocotsshrubperennialto 0.8 m0.8PFAF001Ruscus aculeatusRuscusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesRutaceaeRutaRuta chalepensisRuta chalepensisSometimes presentCHR 6461050DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeRytidospermaRytidosperma auriculatumRytidosperma auriculatumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 15 cm0.15FO NZ V001Rytidosperma auriculatumRytidospermaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeRytidospermaRytidosperma caespitosumRytidosperma caespitosumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 45-(65) cm0.65FO NZ V001Rytidosperma caespitosumRytidospermaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeRytidospermaRytidosperma carphoidesRytidosperma carphoidesWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Rytidosperma geniculatum) Culm to 80 cm0.25FO NZ V001Rytidosperma geniculatumRytidospermaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeRytidospermaRytidosperma erianthumRytidosperma erianthumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 45 cm0.45FO NZ V001Rytidosperma erianthumRytidospermaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeRytidospermaRytidosperma laeveRytidosperma laeveWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 25 cm0.8FO NZ V001Rytidosperma laeveRytidospermaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeRytidospermaRytidosperma penicillatumRytidosperma penicillatumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 1 m1FO NZ V001Rytidosperma penicillatumRytidospermaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeRytidospermaRytidosperma pilosumRytidosperma pilosumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 85 cm0.85FO NZ V001Rytidosperma pilosumRytidospermaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeRytidospermaRytidosperma racemosumRytidosperma racemosumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 90 cm0.9FO NZ V001Rytidosperma racemosumRytidospermaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeRytidospermaRytidosperma tenuiusRytidosperma tenuiusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm stout, to 1 m1FO NZ V001Rytidosperma tenuiusRytidospermaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSaccharumSaccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial3-6 m high6POWO001Saccharum officinarumSaccharumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSacciolepisSacciolepis indicaSacciolepis indicaWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulm 40-60-(70) cm0.7FO NZ V100Sacciolepis indicaSacciolepisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSaginaSagina apetalaSagina apetalaWild0Dicotsherbannual(1)-2-8-(15) cm tall0.15FO NZ IV100Sagina apetalaSaginaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSaginaSagina procumbensSagina procumbensWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems procumbent, stems (2)-5-10-(20) cm longNAFO NZ IV001Sagina procumbensSaginaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSaginaSagina subulataSagina subulataWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems decumbent to suberect, stems (2)-5-10 cm longNAFO NZ IV001Sagina subulataSaginaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAlismataceaeSagittariaSagittaria montevidensisSagittaria montevidensisWild0Monocotsherbannual or perennial(as Sagittaria montevidensis subsp. montevidensis) Tall emergent perennial or annual herb. Stems are erect from 7 cm to 2m tall2NZPCN111Sagittaria montevidensisSagittariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAlismataceaeSagittariaSagittaria platyphyllaSagittaria platyphyllaSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialHerbs, perennial, to 150 cm, Leaves submersed and emersed1.5FO NA001Sagittaria platyphyllaSagittariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAlismataceaeSagittariaSagittaria sagittifoliaSagittaria sagittifoliaSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialTall summer-green perennial, aquaticNANZPCN001Sagittaria sagitifoliaSagittariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAlismataceaeSagittariaSagittaria subulataSagittaria subulataSometimes present0MonocotsherbperennialHerbs, perennial, to 40 cm0.4FO NA001Sagittaria subulataSagittariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix ×calodendronSalix ×calodendronWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialLarge shrub or small treeNAFO NZ IV001Salix x calodendronSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix ×fragilisSalix ×fragilisWild1Dicotstreeperennial(as Salix fragilis) to 25 m high25FO NZ IV001Salix fragilisSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix ×pontederanaSalix ×pontederanaSometimes present0DicotstreeNANANANASalix x pontederanaSalixCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix ×reichardtiiSalix ×reichardtiiWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialerect shrub or small tree 3-c. 12 m high12FO NZ IV001Salix x reichardtiiSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix ×sepulcralisSalix ×sepulcralisWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 25 m high25FO NZ IV001Salix x sepulcralisSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix ×smithianaSalix ×smithianaSometimes presentCHR 4367250DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix acutifoliaSalix acutifoliaWildpreviously Salix daphnoides subsp. acutifolia0Dicotstree-shrubperenniallarge deciduous shrub or small treeNABritFlora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix albaSalix albaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 25 m high25FO NZ IV001Salix albaSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix atrocinereaSalix atrocinereaWildpreviously Salix cinerea var. atrocinerea0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrubs, 3-12 m; Perennial, Shrub/Tree12USDA PLANTS; FO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix babylonicaSalix babylonicaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 30 m high30FO NZ IV001Salix babylonicaSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix capreaSalix capreaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrubs or small trees; Shrubs or trees, 8-15 mNAFO China; FO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix cinereaSalix cinereaWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to c. 7 m high7FO NZ IV001Salix cinereaSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix daphnoidesSalix daphnoidesWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 10 m high10FO NZ IV001Salix daphnoidesSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix elaeagnosSalix elaeagnosWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialsmall tree or large shrub to c. 6 m high6FO NZ IV001Salix elaeagnosSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix gracilistylaSalix gracilistylaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Salix gracilistylaSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix matsudanaSalix matsudanaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto 3-8-(13) m high13FO NZ IV001Salix matsudanaSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix myricoidesSalix myricoidesWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennial(as Salix glaucophylloides) shrub or small tree to 1-6-(c. 10) m high10FO NZ IV001Salix glaucophylloidesSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix pentandraSalix pentandraSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrubs or trees to 5 m tall; Shrubs or trees, 5-15 mNAFO China; FO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix petiolarisSalix petiolarisSometimes presentCHR 477877 A & B0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix purpureaSalix purpureaWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to 4-(8) m high8FO NZ IV001Salix purpureaSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesSalicaceaeSalixSalix viminalisSalix viminalisWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialsmall tree or erect shrub to c. 8 m high8FO NZ IV001Salix viminalisSalixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSalpichroaSalpichroa origanifoliaSalpichroa origanifoliaWild0DicotsherbperennialStems scrambling, climbingNAFO NZ IV001Salpichroa origanifoliaSalpichroaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSalpiglossisSalpiglossis sinuataSalpiglossis sinuataWild0Dicotsherbannual30-90 cm tall0.9FO NZ IV100Salpiglossis sinuataSalpiglossisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeSalsolaSalsola kaliSalsola kaliWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Salsola kaliSalsolaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAmaranthaceaeSalsolaSalsola tragusSalsola tragusSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual(as Salsola ruthenica)NAFO NZ IV100Salsola ruthenicaSalsolaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia aureaSalvia aureaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Salvia aureaSalviaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia azureaSalvia azureaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialstems c. 1 m high1Webb et al. 1995001Salvia azureaSalviaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia elegansSalvia elegansSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialherbaceous, shrubby tender perennial (subshrub tendencies in its native habitat), will typically grow to 4 ft tall1.2MO Bot Garden001Salvia rutilansSalviaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia farinaceaSalvia farinaceaWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems 70-90 cm high0.9Webb et al. 1995001Salvia farinaceaSalviaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia glutinosaSalvia glutinosaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto 90 cm tall0.9RHS UK001Salvia glutinosaSalviaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia guaraniticaSalvia guaraniticaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialerect stems to c. 1 m high1Webb et al. 1995001Salvia guaranticaSalviaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia involucrataSalvia involucrataSometimes present0DicotsperennialPerennial subshrub to shrubNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia microphyllaSalvia microphyllaWild0Dicotsshrub-subshrubperennialshrub to c. 1.5 m high; Arbustos erectos hasta c. 1.2 m; Perennial, Shrub, Subshrub1.5FO NZ IV; TROPICOS; USDA PLANTS001Salvia microphyllaSalviaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia nemorosaSalvia nemorosaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 60 cm high0.6FO NZ IV001Salvia nemorosaSalviaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia occidentalisSalvia occidentalisSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or perennialherb-subshrub, Hierba perenne, a menudo postrada, usualmente less than 0.5 m; Annual, Perennial, Forb/herbNATROPICOS; USDA PLANTS111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia officinalisSalvia officinalisWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 60 cm high0.6Webb et al. 1995001Salvia officinalisSalviaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia pseudococcineaSalvia pseudococcineaSometimes present0Dicotsherb-subshrubannual or perennial(as Salvia coccinea) Hierba, perenne o anual, hasta ca. 1.5 m; (as Salvia coccinea) Annual, Perennial, Forb/herb, SubshrubNATROPICOS; USDA PLANTS111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia reflexaSalvia reflexaWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 60 cm high0.6FO NZ IV100Salvia reflexaSalviaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia repensSalvia repensWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 30 cm high0.3FO NZ IV001Salvia repensSalviaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia rosmarinusSalvia rosmarinusSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 2-6 ft1.8MO Bot Garden001Rosmarinus officinalisRosmarinusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia sclareaSalvia sclareaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial or short-lived perennialto nearly 1 m high1Webb et al. 1995011Salvia sclareaSalviaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia splendensSalvia splendensSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialclump-forming, tender perennial that typically grows to 1-2’ tall0.6MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia uliginosaSalvia uliginosaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto a little over 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Salvia uliginosaSalviaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia verbenacaSalvia verbenacaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 50 cm high0.5FO NZ IV001Salvia verbenacaSalviaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSalviaSalvia verticillataSalvia verticillataSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1.5 to 2.5 feet0.75MO Bot Garden001Salvia verticillataSalviaCasual TracheophytaPolypodiopsidaSalvinialesSalviniaceaeSalviniaSalvinia ×molestaSalvinia ×molestaWild0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialAquatic fern forming dense floating matsNAFO NZ IV001Salvinia molestaSalviniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesAdoxaceaeSambucusSambucus nigraSambucus nigraWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to c. 6 m high6FO NZ IV001Sambucus nigraSambucusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesAdoxaceaeSambucusSambucus racemosaSambucus racemosaWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialDeciduous shrub, Height: 8-12 ft; Perennial, Shrub, Tree; Deciduous large shrub or small tree, 6-20 ft (2-6 m) highNAMO Bot Garden; USDA PLANTS; LandscapePlants001Sambucus pubensSambucusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesPrimulaceaeSamolusSamolus valerandiiSamolus valerandiiSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto 0.3 m0.3PFAF001Samolus valerandiiSamolusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeSanguisorbaSanguisorba minorSanguisorba minorWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 35-(70) cm tall0.7FO NZ IV001Sanguisorba minorSanguisorbaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSantolinaSantolina chamaecyparissusSantolina chamaecyparissusSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 30 cm tall0.3Webb et al. 1995001Santolina chamaecyparissusSantolinaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSantolinaSantolina rosmarinifoliaSantolina rosmarinifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsperennial(S. rosmarinifolia subsp rosmarinifolia) spreading evergreen shrub to 60cm tallNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSaponariaSaponaria officinalisSaponaria officinalisWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-90 cm tall0.9FO NZ IV001Saponaria officinalisSaponariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesSarraceniaceaeSarraceniaSarracenia alataSarracenia alataSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Sarracenia alataSarraceniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesSarraceniaceaeSarraceniaSarracenia flavaSarracenia flavaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1.5 to 3 feet0.9MO Bot Garden001Sarracenia flavaSarraceniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesSarraceniaceaeSarraceniaSarracenia leucophyllaSarracenia leucophyllaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1.0 to 3 feet0.9MO Bot Garden001Sarracenia leucophyllaSarraceniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesSarraceniaceaeSarraceniaSarracenia purpureaSarracenia purpureaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herb; Pitchers 5-25(-45) cm, Scapes 22-79 cm, much longer than pitchers0.8USDA PLANTS; FO NA001Sarracenia purpureaSarraceniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSasaSasa palmataSasa palmataWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 1-3 m3FO NZ V001Sasa palmataSasaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSasaellaSasaella ramosaSasaella ramosaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 1 m1FO NZ V001Sasaella ramosaSasaellaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeSaturejaSatureja spicigeraSatureja spicigeraSometimes present0Dicotsperennialperennial growing to 0.1 m (4in) by 0.6 m (2ft)NAPFAF001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPiperalesSaururaceaeSaururusSaururus cernuusSaururus cernuusSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 1-2 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesSaxifragaceaeSaxifragaSaxifraga ×urbiumSaxifraga ×urbiumSometimes present0Dicotsperennialevergreen perennial to 30cm in height, forming wide mats of rosettesNARHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesSaxifragaceaeSaxifragaSaxifraga exarataSaxifraga exarataSometimes present0Dicotsperennialperennial, Eurasian orophyteNAFlora Vascular001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesSaxifragaceaeSaxifragaSaxifraga stoloniferaSaxifraga stoloniferaWild0Dicotsherbperennial6 in0.15Heenan et al. 1998; NC State Ext001Saxifraga stoloniferaSaxifragaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeScabiosaScabiosa anthemifoliaScabiosa anthemifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Scabiosa columbaria) perennial-Herb- Ht 0.1 - 1.55 m0.55CJB Africa001Scabiosa anthemifoliaScabiosaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeScabiosaScabiosa atropurpureaScabiosa atropurpureaWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialup to 60-(125) cm tall1.25FO NZ IV111Scabiosa atropurpureaScabiosaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeScabiosaScabiosa caucasicaScabiosa caucasicaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1.5 to 2 feet0.6FO NZ IV001Scabiosa caucasicaScabiosaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeScandixScandix pecten-venerisScandix pecten-venerisSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualup to 40 cm high0.4FO NZ IV100Scandix pecten-venerisScandixCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeScheffleraSchefflera actinophyllaSchefflera actinophyllaSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree to c. 10 m high10NSW Flora001Schefflera actinophyllaScheffleraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeScheffleraSchefflera arboricolaSchefflera arboricolaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs, sometimes climbers, to 4 m tall4FO China001Schefflera arboricolaScheffleraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesAnacardiaceaeSchinusSchinus molleSchinus molleWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 10 m high10FO NZ IV001Schinus molleSchinusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesAnacardiaceaeSchinusSchinus terebinthifoliaSchinus terebinthifoliusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial2-3 m high3Webb et al. 1995001Schinus terebinthifoliusSchinusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAustrobaileyalesSchisandraceaeSchisandraSchisandra sphenantheraSchisandra sphenantheraSometimes present0Dicotsperennial(Schisandra) Vines, woodyNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSchizanthusSchizanthus pinnatusSchizanthus pinnatusWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial1 to 1.5 feet0.45Webb et al. 1995; MO Bot Garden110Schizanthus pinnatusSchizanthusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeSchoenoplectusSchoenoplectus californicusSchoenoplectus californicusWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial graminoid, 6.6 ft mature height2USDA PLANTS001Schoenoplectus californicusSchoenoplectusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeScillaScilla peruvianaScilla peruvianaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 30 cm high0.3FO NZ III001Scilla peruvianaScillaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesCyperaceaeScirpusScirpus georgianusScirpus georgianusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial60-150 cm high1.5FO NZ III001Scirpus georgianusScirpusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeScleranthusScleranthus annuusScleranthus annuusWild0Dicotsherbannual10-25 cm tall0.25FO NZ IV100Scleranthus annuusScleranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeScleranthusScleranthus fasciculatusScleranthus fasciculatusWild0DicotsherbperennialLax, straggling procumbent, Stems ascending 10-25 cm longNAFO NZ IV001Scleranthus fasciculatusScleranthusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeScopariaScoparia dulcisScoparia dulcisSometimes present0Dicotsherb-shrubperennialPerennial herbs or weak shrubs to 1.5 m tall1.5TROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeScorpiurusScorpiurus muricatusScorpiurus muricatusWild0Dicotsherbannualto 0.5 m0.5PFAF100Scorpiurus muricatusScorpiurusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeScorzoneroidesScorzoneroides autumnalisScorzoneroides autumnalisWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Leontodon autumnalis) 20-75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV001Leontodon autumnalisLeontodonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeScrophulariaScrophularia auriculataScrophularia auriculataWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 80 cm high0.8FO NZ IV001Scrophularia auriculataScrophulariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeScrophulariaScrophularia grandifloraScrophularia grandifloraSometimes present0DicotsperennialHierba perenne, Tallos hasta de 180 cm1.8Flora Vascular001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeScrophulariaScrophularia nodosaScrophularia nodosaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Scrophularia nodosaScrophulariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeScutellariaScutellaria indicaScutellaria indicaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs perennial. Stems dark purple, 1 to few, 8-28 cm tall, ascending-erectNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeScutellariaScutellaria minorScutellaria minorWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 20 cm long0.2FO NZ IV001Scutellaria minorScutellariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSecaleSecale cerealeSecale cerealeWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual or biennial(25)-50-150 cm1.5FO NZ V110Secale cerealeSecaleFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCucurbitalesCucurbitaceaeSechiumSechium eduleSechium eduleWild0DicotsherbannualclimberNAWebb et al. 1995100Sechium eduleSechiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSecurigeraSecurigera variaSecurigera variaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Coronilla varia) scramblingNAFO NZ IV001Coronilla variaCoronillaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum ×rubrotinctumSedum ×rubrotinctumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto 15 cm0.15FO NZ IV001Sedum x rubrotinctumSedumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum acreSedum acreWild1Dicotsherbperennialmat-forming with creeping stemsNAFO NZ IV001Sedum acreSedumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum albumSedum albumWild0DicotsherbperennialAlmost prostrate, mat-formingNAFO NZ IV001Sedum albumSedumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum cepaeaSedum cepaeaSometimes present0Dicotsannual or biennial, perhaps sometimes perennialGlandular-pubescent herbs, annual or biennial (usually monocarpic but perhaps sometimes perennial), forming flat rosettesNAICN111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum commixtumSedum commixtumSometimes present0Dicotsperennialloose spreading habit and short, thin shoots which terminate in a loose rosette; Glabrous perennial glaucous subshrubsNASykes 2004; ICN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum dasyphyllumSedum dasyphyllumWild0Dicotsherbperenniallow growing mat-formingNAHeenan et al. 2002001Sedum dasyphyllumSedumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum kimnachiiSedum kimnachiiWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Sedum decumbens) forms dense low moundsNAFO NZ IV001Sedum decumbensSedumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum mexicanumSedum mexicanumWild0Dicotsherbperennialsprawling to decumbent stems to at least 15 cm longNAFO NZ IV001Sedum mexicanumSedumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum moranenseSedum moranenseWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Sedum liebmannianum)NAFO NZ IV001Sedum liebmannianumSedumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum oreganumSedum oreganumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbs, perennial, multi-stemmed from base, glabrousNAFO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum pachyphyllumSedum pachyphyllumSometimes present0Dicotsperennialsmall subshrub to c. 20 cm highNASykes 2004001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum praealtumSedum praealtumWild0Dicotssubshrubperennial10 - 70 cm0.7Hortipedia001Sedum praealtumSedumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum rupestreSedum rupestreWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 10 cm high0.1FO NZ IV001Sedum reflexumSedumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum sediformeSedum sediformeSometimes present0Dicotsperennialhardy summer-flowering speciesNASykes 2004001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum spectabileSedum spectabileWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 40 cm high0.4FO NZ IV001Sedum spectabileSedumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSedumSedum spuriumSedum spuriumWild0Dicotsherbperennial± prostrateNAFO NZ IV001Sedum spuriumSedumFully naturalised TracheophytaLycopodiopsidaSelaginellalesSelaginellaceaeSelaginellaSelaginella kraussianaSelaginella kraussianaWild1FernsAndAlliesfernperennialStems creepingNAFO NZ IV001Selaginella kraussianaSelaginellaFully naturalised TracheophytaLycopodiopsidaSelaginellalesSelaginellaceaeSelaginellaSelaginella martensiiSelaginella martensiiSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialcreeperNAFO NZ IV001Selaginella martensiiSelaginellaCasual TracheophytaLycopodiopsidaSelaginellalesSelaginellaceaeSelaginellaSelaginella moellendorffiiSelaginella moellendorffiiSometimes present0FernsAndAlliesfernperennialup to 20 cm0.2FO NZ IV001Selaginella moellendorffiiSelaginellaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSemiarundinariaSemiarundinaria fastuosaSemiarundinaria fastuosaWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm usually 4-6 m6FO NZ V001Semiarundinaria fastuosaSemiarundinariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeSempervivumSempervivum tectorumSempervivum tectorumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 0.5-1 ft0.3MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio angulatusSenecio angulatusWild1Dicotsherbperennialup to 2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Senecio angulatusSenecioFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio crassiflorusSenecio crassiflorusSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialstems 20-50 cm high0.5NSW Flora001Senecio crassiflorusSenecioCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio elegansSenecio elegansWild0Dicotsherbannual10-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Senecio elegansSenecioFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio glastifoliusSenecio glastifoliusWild1Dicotsherbperennialup to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Senecio glastifoliusSenecioFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio hypoleucusSenecio hypoleucusSometimes present0Dicotssubshrubperennialto c. 1 m high1Vic Flora001Senecio hypoleucusSenecioCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio linearifoliusSenecio linearifoliusWildconsidered non-endemic in 2019 checklist ("considered to be a coloniser; arrived naturally from Australia in New Zealand"); updated to exotic again in online database (14May2020)0Dicotsherbperennial40-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV001Senecio linearifoliusSenecioFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio macroglossusSenecio macroglossusSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialclimberNAPlantzAfrica001Senecio macroglossusSenecioCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio madagascariensisSenecio madagascariensisSometimes presentCHR 5899220DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio serpensSenecio serpensSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperenniallarge, sprawling, succulent species; perennial- Dwarf shrub, Succulent- Ht 0.1 - 0.2 m0.2Sykes 2004; CJB Africa001Kleinia serpensKleiniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio skirrhodonSenecio skirrhodonWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennial15-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV111Senecio skirrhodonSenecioFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio sylvaticusSenecio sylvaticusWild0Dicotsherbannual(10)-20-60-(120) cm tall1.2FO NZ IV100Senecio sylvaticusSenecioFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSenecioSenecio vulgarisSenecio vulgarisWild0Dicotsherbannual10-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Senecio vulgarisSenecioFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSennaSenna ×floribundaSenna ×floribundaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialperennial shrub/tree (cross between S. multiglandulosa and S. septentrionalis)NAUSDA PLANTS001Senna x floribundaSennaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSennaSenna aciphyllaSenna aciphyllaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialSprawling shrub to 2 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSennaSenna corymbosaSenna corymbosaSometimes presentCHR 2764440DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSennaSenna didymobotryaSenna didymobotryaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs, 2.5-3 m tallNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSennaSenna multiglandulosaSenna multiglandulosaWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to 6 m high6FO NZ IV001Senna multiglandulosaSennaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSennaSenna pendulaSenna pendulaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialArbustos arborescentes, Arbusto ± escandente, 1-4(-5) m5TROPICOS001Senna pendulaSennaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSennaSenna septemtrionalisSenna septemtrionalisWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto 2-(3) m high3FO NZ IV001Senna septemtrionalisSennaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSennaSenna toraSenna toraSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Senna toraSennaCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeSequoiaSequoia sempervirensSequoia sempervirensWild0GymnospermstreeperennialLarge or very large tree; Trees to 100-110(-112) m tall, evergreen, monoecious112FO NZ IV; Farjon 2010001Sequoia sempervirensSequoiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSesleriaSesleria albicansSesleria albicansSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial, caespitose, Culms erect, slender, 10-45 cm long0.45GrassBase001Sesleria albicansSesleriaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSesleriaSesleria autumnalisSesleria autumnalisSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennial0.75-1 feet0.3MO Bot Garden001Sesleria autumnalisSesleriaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSetariaSetaria gracilisSetaria gracilisWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm (2)-20-60 cm0.6FO NZ V001Setaria gracilisSetariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSetariaSetaria italicaSetaria italicaWild0MonocotscaespitoseannualCulm 15-35-(75) cm0.75FO NZ V100Setaria italicaSetariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSetariaSetaria palmifoliaSetaria palmifoliaWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 80-200 cm2FO NZ V001Setaria palmifoliaSetariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSetariaSetaria parvifloraSetaria parvifloraWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual18-85 cm; Culm 10-30-(75) cm0.85FO NZ V100Setaria parvifloraSetariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSetariaSetaria pumilaSetaria pumilaWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual25-35-(85) cm; Culm 15-65-(75) cm0.85FO NZ V100Setaria pumilaSetariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSetariaSetaria sphacelataSetaria sphacelataSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial graminoid; (as Setaria sphacelata var. sphacelata) perennial-Graminoid- Ht up to 1 m1USDA PLANTS; CJB Africa001Setaria sphacelataSetariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSetariaSetaria verticillataSetaria verticillataWild0Monocotscaespitoseannualusually 20-40-(100) cm1FO NZ V100Setaria verticillataSetariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSetariaSetaria viridisSetaria viridisWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual(4)-30-70 cm0.7FO NZ V100Setaria viridisSetariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeSherardiaSherardia arvensisSherardia arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannualstems prostrate or decumbentNAFO NZ IV100Sherardia arvensisSherardiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeSidaSida rhombifoliaSida rhombifoliaWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 1 m high1FO NZ IV100Sida rhombifoliaSidaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeSidalceaSidalcea malvifloraSidalcea malvifloraSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto 0.8 m0.8PFAF001Sidalcea malvifloraSidalceaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSigesbeckiaSigesbeckia orientalisSigesbeckia orientalisWild0Dicotsherbannual20-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV100Sigesbeckia orientalisSigesbeckiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene armeriaSilene armeriaWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(10)-20-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV110Silene armeriaSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene chalcedonicaSilene chalcedonicaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1-2.5 ft tall0.75IL Wildflowers001Silene chalcedonicaSileneCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene coeli-rosaSilene coeli-rosaWild0Dicotsherbannual(15)-20-45 cm tall0.45FO NZ IV100Silene coeli-rosaSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene conicaSilene conicaWild0Dicotsherbannual(5)-15-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Silene conicaSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene coronariaSilene coronariaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Silene coronariaSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene dioicaSilene dioicaWild0Dicotsherbperennial(15)-30-60-(80) cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Silene dioicaSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene distichaSilene distichaWild0Dicotsherbannual30-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Silene distichaSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene flos-cuculiSilene flos-cuculiWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Lychnis flos-cuculi) Flowering stems erect, 30-80 cm tall; (as Lychnis flos-cuculi) Perennial forb/herb0.8FO NZ IV; USDA PLANTS001Silene flos-cuculiSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene gallicaSilene gallicaWild0Dicotsherbannual(3)-15-45 cm tall0.45FO NZ IV100Silene gallicaSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene italicaSilene italicaSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennial or perennialperennial herb; biennial forb/herbNABROT; USDA PLANTS011Silene italicaSileneCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene latifoliaSilene latifoliaWild0Dicotsherbbiennial or short-lived perennial(15)-30-60-(130) cm tall1.3FO NZ IV011Silene latifoliaSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene noctifloraSilene noctifloraWild0Dicotsherbannual20-35 cm tall0.35FO NZ IV100Silene noctifloraSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene nutansSilene nutansWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Silene nutansSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene pendulaSilene pendulaWild0Dicotsherbannual20-40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Silene pendulaSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene unifloraSilene unifloraWildpreviously Silene vulgaris subsp. maritima (Runyeon, H.; Prentice, H.C. 1997: Genetic differentiation in the Bladder campions, Silene vulgaris and S. uniflora (Caryophyllaceae), in Sweden. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 61: 559-584.)0Dicotsherbperennial(as S. vulgaris subsp maritima) 10-30 cm tall; spreading, mat-forming perennial which typically grows only 4-8" high; low-growing, mat-forming, semi-evergreen perennial, to 10 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV; MO Bot Garden; RHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene viscariaSilene viscariaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Lychnis viscaria) Perennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Silene viscariaSileneCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSileneSilene vulgarisSilene vulgarisWild0Dicotsherbperennial(10)-30-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Silene vulgarisSileneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSilybumSilybum marianumSilybum marianumWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial0.5-2 m tall2FO NZ IV110Silybum marianumSilybumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeSinapisSinapis albaSinapis albaWild0Dicotsherbannual60-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV100Sinapis albaSinapisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeSinapisSinapis arvensisSinapis arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual50-70 cm tall0.7FO NZ IV100Sinapis arvensisSinapisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeSisonSison amomumSison amomumWild0Dicotsherbbiennialup to 120 cm high1.2FO NZ IV010Sison amomumSisonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeSisymbriumSisymbrium altissimumSisymbrium altissimumWild0Dicotsherbannualto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Sisymbrium altissimumSisymbriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeSisymbriumSisymbrium erysimoidesSisymbrium erysimoidesSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual10-80 cm high0.8NSW Flora100Sisymbrium erysimoidesSisymbriumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeSisymbriumSisymbrium irioSisymbrium irioSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto 60 cm tall0.6Webb et al. 1995100Sisymbrium irioSisymbriumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeSisymbriumSisymbrium officinaleSisymbrium officinaleWild0Dicotsherbannualto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Sisymbrium officinaleSisymbriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeSisymbriumSisymbrium orientaleSisymbrium orientaleWild0Dicotsherbannualto 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Sisymbrium orientaleSisymbriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeSisymbriumSisymbrium polyceratiumSisymbrium polyceratiumWild0Dicotsherbannual(10)-20-50-(70) cm tall0.7FO NZ IV100Sisymbrium polyceratiumSisymbriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeSisyrinchiumSisyrinchium californicumSisyrinchium californicumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial0.5 to 1 feet0.3MO Bot Garden001Sisyrinchium californicumSisyrinchiumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeSisyrinchiumSisyrinchium micranthumSisyrinchium micranthumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual10-15-(20) cm0.2FO NZ III100Sisyrinchium "yellow"SisyrinchiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeSisyrinchiumSisyrinchium rosulatumSisyrinchium rosulatumWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial (both annual and perennial)25 cm0.25FO NZ III111Sisyrinchium "blue"SisyrinchiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeSisyrinchiumSisyrinchium striatumSisyrinchium striatumWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialStems to 80 cm high0.8FO NZ III001Sisyrinchium striatumSisyrinchiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeSmyrniumSmyrnium olusatrumSmyrnium olusatrumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialrobust perennial herbNABritFlora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolandraSolandra maximaSolandra maximaSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialHigh climbing hemi-epiphyte or cultivated as a scandent shrub to 1.5 m tall1.5TROPICOS001Solandra maximaSolandraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum ×procurrensSolanum ×procurrensSometimes present0Dicotshybrid of S. nigrum X S. physalifoliumNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum betaceumSolanum betaceumWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennial(as Cyphomandra betacea) Large shrub or small tree with pale bark, to c. 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Solanum betaceumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum carolinenseSolanum carolinenseWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Solanum carolinenseSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum chacoenseSolanum chacoenseSometimes present0Dicotsherberect herbNATROPICOSNANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum chenopodioidesSolanum chenopodioidesWild0Dicotssubshrub-herbperennialherb or subshrub to c. 1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV001Solanum chenopodioidesSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum crispumSolanum crispumWild0DicotsshrubperennialSemi-upright or scrambling, to c. 3.5 m tall3.5FO NZ IV001Solanum crispumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum dulcamaraSolanum dulcamaraWild1Dicotsherbperennialscrambling or sprawling, stems to 2.5-(4) m longNAFO NZ IV001Solanum dulcamaraSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum furcatumSolanum furcatumWild0Dicotsshrub-herbannual or perennialherb or shrub up to 1 m1Heenan et al. 2004111Solanum furcatumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum insanumSolanum insanumSometimes present0Dicots(synonym of Solanum melongena in Flora of Pakistan)NAKnapp et al. 2013NANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum laxumSolanum laxumWild1Dicotsvineperennialhigh climbing liane, stems to c. 15 m longNAFO NZ IV001Solanum jasminoidesSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum linnaeanumSolanum linnaeanumWild1Dicotsshrub-subshrubperennialshrub or subshrub to 1-(3) m tall3FO NZ IV001Solanum linnaeanumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumWild0Dicotsherbannual or perennialAnnual or perennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS111Solanum lycopersicumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum marginatumSolanum marginatumWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to c. 5 m tall5FO NZ IV001Solanum marginatumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum maturecalvansSolanum maturecalvansSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialshrub-small treeNATROPICOS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum mauritianumSolanum mauritianumWild1Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to 10 m tall10FO NZ IV001Solanum mauritianumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum melongenaSolanum melongenaSometimes present0Dicotsshrub-herbperennialherb or shrub up to 2 m tall2POWO001Solanum melongenaSolanumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum muricatumSolanum muricatumWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 50 cm high0.5Webb et al. 1995001Solanum muricatumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum nigrumSolanum nigrumWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialto c. 75 cm tall0.75FO NZ IV111Solanum nigrumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum nitidibaccatumSolanum nitidibaccatumWildpreviously Solanum physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum (Särkinen, T.; Poczai, P.; Barboza, G.E.; van der Weerden, G.M.; Baden, M.; Knapp, S. 2018: A revision of the Old World Black NIghtshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1-223.)(14May2020)0Dicotsherbannuallow spreading bushy habit, stems to c. 50 cm longNAFO NZ IV100Solanum physalifoliumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum pseudocapsicumSolanum pseudocapsicumWild1Dicotsshrubperennial40-120-(200) cm tall2FO NZ IV001Solanum pseudocapsicumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum robustumSolanum robustumSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialPerennial shrub/subshrubNAUSDA PLANTS001Solanum robustumSolanumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum rostratumSolanum rostratumWild0Dicotsherbannualstems to c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Solanum rostratumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum sisymbrifoliumSolanum sisymbrifoliumWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 1.5 m tall1.5FO NZ IV100Solanum sisymbrifoliumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum torvumSolanum torvumSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialnearly 1 m high1Webb et al. 1995001Solanum torvumSolanumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum tuberosumSolanum tuberosumWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Solanum tuberosumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum villosumSolanum villosumWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV100Solanum villosumSolanumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeSolanumSolanum wendlandiiSolanum wendlandiiSometimes present0Dicotsvineperennialperennial, vineNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesUrticaceaeSoleiroliaSoleirolia soleiroliiSoleirolia soleiroliiWild0Dicotsherbperennialcreeping, stems 5-20 cm longNAFO NZ IV001Soleirolia soleiroliiSoleiroliaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSolenogyneSolenogyne dominiiSolenogyne dominiiWild0DicotsherbperennialRosette; Peduncle… up to c. 6 cm long at fruiting0.06FO NZ IV001Solenogyne dominiiSolenogyneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSolenogyneSolenogyne gunniiSolenogyne gunniiWild0DicotsherbperennialRosette; Peduncle up to 6-(9) cm long at fruiting0.09FO NZ IV001Solenogyne gunniiSolenogyneFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSolenogyneSolenogyne mikadoiSolenogyne mikadoiSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialdiminutiveNAeFloraNZ001Solenogyne mikadoiSolenogyneCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeSolenopsisSolenopsis laurentiaSolenopsis laurentiaWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 8 cm tall0.08FO NZ IV100Solenopsis laurentiaSolenopsisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSolidagoSolidago altissimaSolidago altissimaWild0DicotsherbperennialPlants 50–200 cm; Perennial, Forb/herb2FO NA; USDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSolidagoSolidago canadensisSolidago canadensisWild0Dicotsherbperennialup to 2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Solidago canadensisSolidagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSolidagoSolidago giganteaSolidago giganteaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herb, 8.2 ft mature height2.5USDA PLANTS001Solidago giganteaSolidagoCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSolidagoSolidago virgaureaSolidago virgaureaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialup to 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Solidago virgaureaSolidagoCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSolivaSoliva anthemifoliaSoliva anthemifoliaWild0Dicotsherbannualprostrate, forms patches up to c. 20 cm diam.NAFO NZ IV100Soliva anthemifoliaSolivaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSolivaSoliva sessilisSoliva sessilisWild0Dicotsherbannualprostrate, forming patches up to c. 40 cm diam.NAFO NZ IV100Soliva sessilisSolivaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSonchusSonchus arvensisSonchus arvensisWild0Dicotsherbperennial50-120 cm tall1.2FO NZ IV001Sonchus arvensisSonchusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSonchusSonchus asperSonchus asperWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial(15)-20-60-(180) cm tall1.8FO NZ IV110Sonchus asperSonchusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSonchusSonchus bulbosusSonchus bulbosusSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialroot perennial, scapes up to 30 cm tall0.3FO Gibraltar001Aetheorhiza bulbosaAetheorhizaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSonchusSonchus oleraceusSonchus oleraceusWild0Dicotsherbannual50-120 cm tall1.2FO NZ IV100Sonchus oleraceusSonchusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSophoraSophora cassioidesSophora cassioidesSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTree to 10 m10Rix & Lewis 2016001Sophora cassioidesSophoraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSophoraSophora howinsulaSophora howinsulaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialtree to 13m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeSorbariaSorbaria tomentosaSorbaria tomentosaWild1Dicotsshrubperennial4-(6) m high6FO NZ IV001Sorbaria tomentosaSorbariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeSorbusSorbus ×latifoliaSorbus ×latifoliaWild0Dicotstreeperennialto c. 12 m high12Webb et al. 1995001Sorbus x latifoliaSorbusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeSorbusSorbus aucupariaSorbus aucupariaWild1Dicotstreeperennialup to 8-(12) m high12FO NZ IV001Sorbus aucupariaSorbusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSorghumSorghum bicolorSorghum bicolorWild0Monocotscaespitoseannualto 1.5 m1.5FO NZ V100Sorghum bicolorSorghumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSorghumSorghum halepenseSorghum halepenseWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 2 m2FO NZ V001Sorghum halepenseSorghumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeSparaxisSparaxis bulbiferaSparaxis bulbiferaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(10)-20-50-(65) cm high0.65FO NZ III001Sparaxis bulbiferaSparaxisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeSparaxisSparaxis grandifloraSparaxis grandifloraWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Sparaxis fragrans ssp grandiflora) Perennial, forb/herb, deciduous geophytic plant where the underground storage organ is a corm, upright plants are less robust than those of the other subspecies and grow to approximately 250 mmNAUSDA PLANTS; PlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeSparaxisSparaxis tricolorSparaxis tricolorWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 20 cm high0.2FO NZ III001Sparaxis tricolorSparaxisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalvalesMalvaceaeSparrmanniaSparrmannia africanaSparrmannia africanaWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialsmall tree or low spreading shrub, to c. 6 m high6FO NZ IV001Sparmannia africanaSparmanniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeSpartiumSpartium junceumSpartium junceumWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Spartium junceumSpartiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSpergulaSpergula arvensisSpergula arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual(5)-15-30-(60) cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Spergula arvensisSpergulaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSpergulariaSpergularia bocconeiSpergularia bocconeiWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialStems erect to sub erect, (3)-8-20 cm long0.2FO NZ IV110Spergularia bocconeiSpergulariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSpergulariaSpergularia marinaSpergularia marinaWild"uncertain" status - "Adams et al. 2008 claim S. marina is indigenous in Australia. They remain vague about its status in New Zealand." (Adams, L.G.; West, J.G., Cowley, K.J. 2008: Revision of Spergularia (Caryophyllaceae) in Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 21: 251-270.)0Dicotsherbannual, biennial or perennialstems decumbent, annual or biennial, rarely perennial. Stems (3-7-(10)cm longNAFO NZ IV111Spergularia marinaSpergulariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSpergulariaSpergularia mediaSpergularia mediaWild0Dicotsherbperennialperennial herbNABritFlora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeSpergulariaSpergularia rubraSpergularia rubraWild0Dicotsherbannual to perennialStems decumbent to ascending, (2)-5-15-(30) cm longNAFO NZ IV111Spergularia rubraSpergulariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesRubiaceaeSpermacoceSpermacoce assurgensSpermacoce assurgensSometimes present0Dicotsherb-subshrubannual or perennialAnnual, Perennial, Forb/herb, SubshrubNAUSDA PLANTS111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeSpiraeaSpiraea ×billardiiSpiraea ×billardiiSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialc. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Spiraea x billiardiiSpiraeaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeSpiraeaSpiraea cantoniensisSpiraea cantoniensisWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Spiraea cantoniensisSpiraeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeSpiraeaSpiraea douglasiiSpiraea douglasiiSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialup to c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Spiraea douglasiiSpiraeaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeSpiraeaSpiraea japonicaSpiraea japonicaWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to c. 1.5 m high1.5FO NZ IV001Spiraea japonicaSpiraeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSporobolusSporobolus ×townsendiiSporobolus ×townsendiiSometimes presentnothotaxon: alterniflora x maritima; Peterson, P.M.; Romaschenko, K.; Arrieta, Y.H.; Saarela, J.M. 2014: A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae). Taxon 63(6): 1212-1243.1Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Spartina ×townsendii) 10-50 cm0.5FO NZ V001Spartina x townsendiiSpartinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSporobolusSporobolus africanusSporobolus africanusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial20-80 cm0.8FO NZ V001Sporobolus africanusSporobolusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSporobolusSporobolus alterniflorusSporobolus alterniflorusWildPeterson, P.M.; Romaschenko, K.; Arrieta, Y.H.; Saarela, J.M. 2014: A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae). Taxon 63(6): 1212-1243.1Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Spartina alterniflora) (20)-50-100-(200) cm2FO NZ V001Spartina alternifloraSpartinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSporobolusSporobolus anglicusSporobolus anglicusWildPeterson, P.M.; Romaschenko, K.; Arrieta, Y.H.; Saarela, J.M. 2014: A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae). Taxon 63(6): 1212-1243.1Monocotscaespitoseperennial(as Spartina anglica) 50-100 cm1FO NZ V001Spartina anglicaSpartinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSporobolusSporobolus cryptandrusSporobolus cryptandrusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial11 to 40 inches tall1USDA PLANTS001Sporobolus cryptandrusSporobolusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSporobolusSporobolus diandrusSporobolus diandrusSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulms 30-90 cm tall0.9FO China001Sporobolus diandrusSporobolusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeSporobolusSporobolus elongatusSporobolus elongatusWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialmore than 1 m1FO NZ V001Sporobolus elongatusSporobolusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeStachysStachys annuaStachys annuaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS100Stachys annuaStachysCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeStachysStachys arvensisStachys arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannualstem to c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Stachys arvensisStachysFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeStachysStachys byzantinaStachys byzantinaWild0Dicotsherbperennial0.75 to 1.5 feet0.45MO Bot Garden001Stachys byzantinaStachysFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeStachysStachys germanicaStachys germanicaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto 1 m1PFAF001Stachys germanicaStachysCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeStachysStachys palustrisStachys palustrisWild0Dicotsherbperennialto at least 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Stachys palustrisStachysFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeStachysStachys sylvaticaStachys sylvaticaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 80-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV001Stachys sylvaticaStachysFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeStachytarphetaStachytarpheta ×adulterinaStachytarpheta ×adulterinaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialNAFO NZ IV001Stachytarpheta x adulterinaStachytarphetaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCrossosomatalesStaphyleaceaeStaphyleaStaphylea emodiStaphylea emodiSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialLarge deciduous shrubNAFO Pakistan001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeStellariaStellaria alsineStellaria alsineWild0Dicotsherbperennial(8)-10-20-(50)0.5FO NZ IV001Stellaria alsineStellariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeStellariaStellaria gramineaStellaria gramineaWild0DicotsherbperennialStems weak, ascending, 15-60-(100) cm longNAFO NZ IV001Stellaria gramineaStellariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeStellariaStellaria holosteaStellaria holosteaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Stellaria holosteaStellariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeStellariaStellaria mediaStellaria mediaWild0DicotsherbannualStems weak, ascending, (10)-15-40-(60) cm longNAFO NZ IV100Stellaria mediaStellariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeStellariaStellaria neglectaStellaria neglectaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualStems decumbent, to 80 cmNAFO NA100Stellaria neglectaStellariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeStellariaStellaria pallidaStellaria pallidaWildStellaria pallida (Dumort.) Piré (1863) (nom. inv.) misapplied to S. media in New Zealand. See Webb et al. 1988 page 508-509.; accepted name Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Crép. (1866) (online database 14May2020)0DicotsherbannualPlants annual...Stems prostrate...usually 10-20(-40) cmNAFO NA100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeStenocarpusStenocarpus salignusStenocarpus salignusSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialTall shrub or tree to c. 30 m high30Vic Flora001Stenocarpus salignusStenocarpusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeStenocarpusStenocarpus sinuatusStenocarpus sinuatusSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial8 - 20 m20SA Bot Garden001Stenocarpus sinuatusStenocarpusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeStenotaphrumStenotaphrum secundatumStenotaphrum secundatumWild1MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm to 25 cm0.25FO NZ V001Stenotaphrum secundatumStenotaphrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeStephanandraStephanandra tanakaeStephanandra tanakaeSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 3 m3PFAF001Stephanandra tanakaeStephanandraCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSteviaStevia rebaudianaStevia rebaudianaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 1-2 ft0.6MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesRosaceaeStranvaesiaStranvaesia davidianaStranvaesia davidianaSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree up to c. 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Stranvaesia davidianaStranvaesiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesAcanthaceaeStrobilanthesStrobilanthes anisophyllusStrobilanthes anisophyllusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialc. 1 m1Webb et al. 1995001Strobilanthes anisophyllusStrobilanthesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeStuartinaStuartina muelleriStuartina muelleriWild0Dicotsherbannual1-15 cm long0.15FO NZ IV100Stuartina muelleriStuartinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaArecalesPalmaeSyagrusSyagrus romanzoffianaSyagrus romanzoffianaSometimes present0MonocotstreeperennialLong-lived perennial treeNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeSymphoricarposSymphoricarpos albusSymphoricarpos albusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Symphoricarpos albusSymphoricarposFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeSymphoricarposSymphoricarpos orbiculatusSymphoricarpos orbiculatusWild0Dicotsshrubperennial1-1.5 m high1.5FO NZ IV001Symphoricarpos orbiculatusSymphoricarposFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSymphyotrichumSymphyotrichum laeveSymphyotrichum laeveSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennials (15–)20–70(–120) cm, cespitose; stoutly short-rhizom­atous, with thick, woody caudices or a few, long rhizomesNAFO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSymphyotrichumSymphyotrichum lanceolatumSymphyotrichum lanceolatumWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Aster lanceolatus) 50-150 cm tall1.5FO NZ IV001Aster lanceolatusAsterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSymphyotrichumSymphyotrichum novae-angliaeSymphyotrichum novae-angliaeWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Aster novae-angliae) up to c. 80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Aster novae-angliaeAsterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSymphyotrichumSymphyotrichum novi-belgii hybridsSymphyotrichum novi-belgii hybridsWild0Dicotsherbperennial(as Aster novi-belgii hybrids) (15)-40-150 cm tall1.5FO NZ IV001Aster novi-belgii hybridsAsterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSymphyotrichumSymphyotrichum squamatumSymphyotrichum squamatumSometimes present0DicotsherbannualSlender, erect herb, 0.3-2 m high, annual2WA Flora100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeSymphyotrichumSymphyotrichum subulatumSymphyotrichum subulatumWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennial(as Aster subulatus) 20-200-(300) cm tall3FO NZ IV111Aster subulatusAsterFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeSymphytumSymphytum ×uplandicumSymphytum ×uplandicumWild0DicotsherbperennialStems to c. 100 cm tall1FO NZ IV001Symphytum x uplandicumSymphytumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeSymphytumSymphytum asperumSymphytum asperumWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV001Symphytum asperumSymphytumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeSymphytumSymphytum grandiflorumSymphytum grandiflorumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 1-1.5 ft0.45MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeSymphytumSymphytum officinaleSymphytum officinaleWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 100 cm tall1FO NZ IV001Symphytum officinaleSymphytumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeSyncarpiaSyncarpia glomuliferaSyncarpia glomuliferaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialto 30 m30PFAF001Syncarpia glomuliferaSyncarpiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesOleaceaeSyringaSyringa vulgarisSyringa vulgarisWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Syringa vulgarisSyringaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeSyzygiumSyzygium australeSyzygium australeWild1Dicotstree-shrubperenniallarge shrub or small tree to c. 10 m high10FO NZ IV001Syzygium australeSyzygiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeSyzygiumSyzygium floribundumSyzygium floribundumSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialmedium to large tree to 30 metres in height in its natural habitat although it is usually much smaller in cultivation (up to about 6 metres)30ANPS001Waterhousea floribundaWaterhouseaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeSyzygiumSyzygium paniculatumSyzygium paniculatumSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialShrub or small tree; dense bushy tree to 15 m tall15NSW Flora; NZPCN001Syzygium paniculatumSyzygiumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeSyzygiumSyzygium smithiiSyzygium smithiiWild1Dicotstreeperennial(as Acmena smithii) 6-15 m high in cultivation15FO NZ IV001Acmena smithiiAcmenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTagetesTagetes erectaTagetes erectaWild0Dicotsherbannualup to c. 60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Tagetes erectaTagetesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTagetesTagetes lemmoniiTagetes lemmoniiSometimes present0Dicotssubshrub-shrubperennialPerennials, subshrubs, or shrubs 10–50(–100+) cmNAFO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTagetesTagetes minutaTagetes minutaWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 1-2 m tall2FO NZ IV100Tagetes minutaTagetesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTagetesTagetes patulaTagetes patulaWild0Dicotsherbannual8-40-(50) cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Tagetes patulaTagetesFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTagetesTagetes tenuifoliaTagetes tenuifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualto 0.8 m0.8PFAF100Tagetes tenuifoliaTagetesCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesPortulacaceaeTalinumTalinum paniculatumTalinum paniculatumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialto 1 m tall1Webb et al. 1995001Talinum paniculatumTalinumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesTamaricaceaeTamarixTamarix chinensisTamarix chinensisWild0Dicotstree-shrubperenniallarge shrub or tree to c. 10 m high10FO NZ IV001Tamarix chinensisTamarixFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesTamaricaceaeTamarixTamarix parvifloraTamarix parvifloraSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialusually 1.5-2.5 m high2.5FO NZ IV001Tamarix parvifloraTamarixCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTanacetumTanacetum partheniumTanacetum partheniumWild0Dicotsherbperennial20-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Tanacetum partheniumTanacetumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTanacetumTanacetum vulgareTanacetum vulgareWild0Dicotsherbperennial30-200 cm tall2FO NZ IV001Tanacetum vulgareTanacetumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTaraxacumTaraxacum hamatumTaraxacum hamatumWildSpecimen at CHR: Collected from Chathams Is. in 1961 as T. officinale, determined as T. hamatum in 1979 and confirmed in 1988.0Dicotsherbperennialhemikryptophyte, 0.1-0.25 m tall0.25Pladias001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTaraxacumTaraxacum insigneTaraxacum insigneSometimes present0DicotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTaraxacumTaraxacum lambinoniiTaraxacum lambinoniiWild0Dicotsherbperennialrosette, up to 10 cm tall0.1Heenan et al. 2004001Taraxacum lambinoniiTaraxacumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTaraxacumTaraxacum officinaleTaraxacum officinaleWild0Dicotsherbperennialrosette, Scape 3-35-(60) cm tall0.6FO NZ IV001Taraxacum officinaleTaraxacumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeTaxandriaTaxandria juniperinaTaxandria juniperinaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennial(as Agonis juniperina) to 10 m high in cultivation10FO NZ IV001Agonis juniperinaAgonisCasual TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeTaxodiumTaxodium distichumTaxodium distichumSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees deciduous, to 40(-46) m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesTaxaceaeTaxusTaxus baccataTaxus baccataWild0Gymnospermstreeperennialto c. 10 m high10FO NZ IV001Taxus baccataTaxusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaeTecomaTecoma stansTecoma stansSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialShrub or small tree to 10 m tall10TROPICOS001Tecoma stansTecomaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesBignoniaceaeTecomariaTecomaria capensisTecomaria capensisWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 4 m high4FO NZ IV001Tecomaria capensisTecomariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesSaxifragaceaeTellimaTellima grandifloraTellima grandifloraSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, Height: 1-2 ft0.6MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeTelopeaTelopea oreadesTelopea oreadesWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto about 3 metres3ANPS001Telopea oreadesTelopeaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaProtealesProteaceaeTelopeaTelopea speciosissimaTelopea speciosissimaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialShrubs with 1-few erect, slender, few-branched stems to 3 m highNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeTetradeniaTetradenia ripariaTetradenia ripariaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 3 m in height, occasionally reaching 5 m5PlantzAfrica001Tetradenia ripariaTetradeniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeTetrapanaxTetrapanax papyriferTetrapanax papyriferWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub to small tree up to 3-(8) m high8FO NZ IV001Tetrapanax papyriferusTetrapanaxFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeTeucriumTeucrium hircanicumTeucrium hircanicumWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems clump-forming, to c. 50 cm longNAFO NZ IV001Teucrium hircanicumTeucriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeTeucriumTeucrium scorodoniaTeucrium scorodoniaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Teucrium scorodoniaTeucriumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeThalictrumThalictrum aquilegiifoliumThalictrum aquilegiifoliumSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial(as Thalictrum aquilegifolium) Perennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Thalictrum aquilegiifoliumThalictrumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesRanunculaceaeThalictrumThalictrum minusThalictrum minusSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Thalictrum minusThalictrumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeThemedaThemeda triandraThemeda triandraWild0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCulm 25-90 cm0.9FO NZ V001Themeda triandraThemedaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeThinopyrumThinopyrum intermediumThinopyrum intermediumSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial graminoid, 3 ft mature height0.9USDA PLANTS001Thinopyrum intermediumThinopyrumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeThinopyrumThinopyrum junceiformeThinopyrum junceiformeWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial25-60 cm0.6FO NZ V001Thinopyrum junceiformeThinopyrumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeThinopyrumThinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum ponticumSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial, graminoidNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesCruciferaeThlaspiThlaspi arvenseThlaspi arvenseWild0Dicotsherbannual20-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV100Thlaspi arvenseThlaspiFully naturalised TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeThujaThuja occidentalisThuja occidentalisSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 20-25(-30) m tallNAFarjon 2010001 TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesCupressaceaeThujaThuja plicataThuja plicataSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 65-70(-75) m tall75Farjon 2010001Thuja plicataThujaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesAcanthaceaeThunbergiaThunbergia alataThunbergia alataWild0DicotsvineperennialclimberNAWebb et al. 1995001Thunbergia alataThunbergiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesAcanthaceaeThunbergiaThunbergia coccineaThunbergia coccineaSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialclimberNAWebb et al. 1995001Thunbergia coccineaThunbergiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesAcanthaceaeThunbergiaThunbergia grandifloraThunbergia grandifloraSometimes present0DicotsvineperennialVines to 10 m or longer, woodyNAFO China001Thunbergia grandifloraThunbergiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeThymusThymus pulegioidesThymus pulegioidesWild0Dicotsherbperennialsemi-prostrateNAFO NZ IV001Thymus pulegioidesThymusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeThymusThymus vulgarisThymus vulgarisWild1Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 30 cm high0.3FO NZ IV001Thymus vulgarisThymusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMelastomataceaeTibouchinaTibouchina paratropicaTibouchina paratropicaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialherb, subshrubNATROPICOS001Tibouchina paratropicaTibouchinaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMelastomataceaeTibouchinaTibouchina urvilleanaTibouchina urvilleanaWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 3 m high3FO NZ IV001Tibouchina urvilleanaTibouchinaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesAraliaceaeTieghemopanaxTieghemopanax sambucifoliusTieghemopanax sambucifoliusSometimes present0Dicotstree-shrubperennialshrub or small tree to 5 m high5NSW Flora001Tieghemopanax sambucifoliusTieghemopanaxCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeTigridiaTigridia pavoniaTigridia pavoniaSometimes present0Monocotsherbperennialherb, Plantas 30-150 cm1.5TROPICOS; RHS UK001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTithoniaTithonia rotundifoliaTithonia rotundifoliaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or perennialAnnual or perennial forb/herb; Large, shrublike, short-lived herb to 4 m tall4USDA PLANTS; TROPICOS111Tithonia rotundifoliaTithoniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTolpisTolpis barbataTolpis barbataWild0Dicotsherbannual5-45-(100) cm tall1FO NZ IV100Tolpis barbataTolpisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesMeliaceaeToonaToona sinensisToona sinensisSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees to 40 m tall40FO China001Cedrela sinensisCedrelaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLinderniaceaeToreniaTorenia crustaceaTorenia crustaceaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualherb, freshwater aquatic; (as Lindernia crustacea) Annuals, 10-20 cm tall0.2TROPICOS; FO China100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeTorilisTorilis arvensisTorilis arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual20-60-(100) cm high1FO NZ IV100Torilis arvensisTorilisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeTorilisTorilis japonicaTorilis japonicaWild0Dicotsherbannual40-120-(200) cm high2FO NZ IV100Torilis japonicaTorilisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaApialesUmbelliferaeTorilisTorilis nodosaTorilis nodosaWild0DicotsherbannualStems procumbent, 5-50 cm longNAFO NZ IV100Torilis nodosaTorilisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesAnacardiaceaeToxicodendronToxicodendron succedaneumToxicodendron succedaneumWild0Dicotstree-shrubperennialTrees or shrubs, 1-2(-10) m tall10FO China001Rhus succedaneaRhusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeTracheliumTrachelium caeruleumTrachelium caeruleumWild0DicotsherbperennialStems to c. 50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV001Trachelium caeruleumTracheliumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaArecalesPalmaeTrachycarpusTrachycarpus fortuneiTrachycarpus fortuneiWild1Monocotstreeperennialfrom 4-12 m high12FO NZ III001Trachycarpus fortuneiTrachycarpusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeTrachystemonTrachystemon orientalisTrachystemon orientalisSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial1 to 1.5 feet0.45MO Bot Garden001Trachystemon orientalisTrachystemonCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCommelinalesCommelinaceaeTradescantiaTradescantia albifloraTradescantia albifloraWildTwo adventive Tradescantia entities (“T. fluminensis” and “T. albiflora” ) in New Zealand. The taxonomy of the entities in New Zealand has not yet been fully resolved (pers. comm. Peter Heenan 2008).0Monocotsherbperennial(considered synonym of T. fluminensis) Perennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCommelinalesCommelinaceaeTradescantiaTradescantia cerinthoidesTradescantia cerinthoidesWild0Monocotsherbperennialherbaceous perennialNANZPCN001Tradescantia cerinthoidesTradescantiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCommelinalesCommelinaceaeTradescantiaTradescantia fluminensisTradescantia fluminensisWild1Monocotsherbperennialtrailing perennial with succulent stemsNAFO NZ III001Tradescantia fluminensisTradescantiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCommelinalesCommelinaceaeTradescantiaTradescantia virginianaTradescantia virginianaWild0Monocotsherbperennialperennial herb, height at maturity 1.1 ft0.3USDA PLANTS001Tradescantia virginianaTradescantiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTragopogonTragopogon dubiusTragopogon dubiusWild0Dicotsherbbiennial30-80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV010Tragopogon dubiusTragopogonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTragopogonTragopogon porrifoliusTragopogon porrifoliusWild0Dicotsherbbiennial30-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV010Tragopogon porrifoliusTragopogonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTragopogonTragopogon pratensisTragopogon pratensisWild0Dicotsherbannual to perennial30-60 cm tall0.6FO NZ IV111Tragopogon pratensisTragopogonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesAizoaceaeTrianthemaTrianthema portulacastrumTrianthema portulacastrumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbs perennialNAFO China001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium ambiguumTrifolium ambiguumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Trifolium ambiguumTrifoliumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium angustifoliumTrifolium angustifoliumWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual; stems densely clothed in appressed hairs, erect or ascending to erectNAFO NZ IV100Trifolium angustifoliumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium arvenseTrifolium arvenseWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual; stems densely sericeous, erect or ascendingNAFO NZ IV100Trifolium arvenseTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium aureumTrifolium aureumWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialAnnual or biennial; stems moderately to densely clothed in appressed hairs, erectNAFO NZ IV110Trifolium aureumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium campestreTrifolium campestreWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 1 ft tall0.3IL Wildflowers100Trifolium campestreTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium cernuumTrifolium cernuumWild0Dicotsherbannual0.02-0.1 m high0.1WA Flora100Trifolium cernuumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium dubiumTrifolium dubiumWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual; stems sparsely to densely hairy, procumbent or ascendingNAFO NZ IV100Trifolium dubiumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium fragiferumTrifolium fragiferumWild0DicotsherbperennialPerennial; stems glabrous, creeping, rooting at nodesNAFO NZ IV001Trifolium fragiferumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium glomeratumTrifolium glomeratumWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual, stems glabrous, procumbent or ascending, average height 0.032 m0.032FO NZ IV; BROT100Trifolium glomeratumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium hirtumTrifolium hirtumWild0Dicotsherbannualto 0.3 m high0.3WA Flora100Trifolium hirtumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium hybridumTrifolium hybridumWild0DicotsherbperennialPerennial; stems glabrous, erect or ascendingNAFO NZ IV001Trifolium hybridumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium incarnatumTrifolium incarnatumWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual; stems sparsely to densely hairy, usually sericeous, erect or ascendingNAFO NZ IV100Trifolium incarnatumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium mediumTrifolium mediumWild0DicotsherbperennialRhizomatous perennial; stems sparsely hairy below to moderately or densely hairy above, straggling to ascendingNAFO NZ IV001Trifolium mediumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium micranthumTrifolium micranthumWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual, stems glabrous or sparsely hairy, procumbent or ascending; Hierba anual, glabra o glabrescente. Tallos 2-45 cm0.45FO NZ IV; Flora Vascular100Trifolium micranthumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium ochroleuconTrifolium ochroleuconWild0Dicotsherbperennial45 cm height0.45BritFlora001Trifolium ochroleuconTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium ornithopodioidesTrifolium ornithopodioidesWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennial12 cm height0.12BritFlora111Trifolium ornithopodioidesTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium pratenseTrifolium pratenseWild0DicotsherbperennialPerennial; stems sparsely hairy below, moderately or densely hairy in upper parts, erect or decumbentNAFO NZ IV001Trifolium pratenseTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium repensTrifolium repensWild0DicotsherbperennialPerennial; stems glabrous, creeping, rooting at nodesNAFO NZ IV001Trifolium repensTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium resupinatumTrifolium resupinatumWild0Dicotsherbannualto 0.3 m high0.3WA Flora100Trifolium resupinatumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium retusumTrifolium retusumWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual, stems glabrous, procumbent or ascendingNAFO NZ IV100Trifolium retusumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium scabrumTrifolium scabrumWild0Dicotsherbannualto 0.2 m high0.2WA Flora100Trifolium scabrumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium squamosumTrifolium squamosumSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS100Trifolium squamosumTrifoliumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium striatumTrifolium striatumWild0Dicotsherbannualto 0.6 m high0.6WA Flora100Trifolium striatumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium subterraneumTrifolium subterraneumWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual; stems moderately to densely hairy, procumbentNAFO NZ IV100Trifolium subterraneumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium suffocatumTrifolium suffocatumWild0Dicotsherbannual5 cm height0.05BritFlora100Trifolium suffocatumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeTrifoliumTrifolium tomentosumTrifolium tomentosumWild0DicotsherbannualprocumbentNAFO NZ IV100Trifolium tomentosumTrifoliumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTripleurospermumTripleurospermum inodorumTripleurospermum inodorumWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennial15-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV110Tripleurospermum inodorumTripleurospermumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeTrisetumTrisetum flavescensTrisetum flavescensSometimes presentEurasian T. flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. was recorded several times for New Zealand (Edgar 1998 op. cit. p. 562) but only one specimen, AK 99562 D. Petrie Ranfurly Road, Epsom, at roadside, Jan 1919, has been found. This plant probably escaped from Petrie's garden at Epsom; the geniculate awns distinguish T. flavescens from N.Z. species. (14May2020)0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPerennial graminoidNAUSDA PLANTS001Trisetum flavescensTrisetumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeTristaniopsisTristaniopsis laurinaTristaniopsis laurinaSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialfrom 5 m to 15 m in height15ANBG001Tristaniopsis laurinaTristaniopsisCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeTriticumTriticum aestivumTriticum aestivumWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual30-100 cm1FO NZ V100Triticum aestivumTriticumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeTriticumTriticum compactumTriticum compactumSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseannual60 cm0.6FO NZ V100Triticum compactumTriticumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeTritoniaTritonia crocataTritonia crocataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 60 cm0.6FO NZ III001Tritonia crocataTritoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeTritoniaTritonia lineataTritonia lineataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial30-70 cm high0.7FO NZ III001Tritonia lineataTritoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesTropaeolaceaeTropaeolumTropaeolum majusTropaeolum majusWild1Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialtrailing or scrambling, sometimes climbing to 2 m highNAFO NZ IV111Tropaeolum majusTropaeolumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesTropaeolaceaeTropaeolumTropaeolum pentaphyllumTropaeolum pentaphyllumWild1DicotsherbperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Tropaeolum pentaphyllumTropaeolumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesTropaeolaceaeTropaeolumTropaeolum speciosumTropaeolum speciosumWild1DicotsherbperennialclimberNAFO NZ IV001Tropaeolum speciosumTropaeolumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBrassicalesTropaeolaceaeTropaeolumTropaeolum tuberosumTropaeolum tuberosumSometimes present0Dicotsherb-vineherb or vineNATROPICOSNANANA TracheophytaPinopsidaPinalesPinaceaeTsugaTsuga heterophyllaTsuga heterophyllaSometimes present0GymnospermstreeperennialTrees to 60-70 m tall70Farjon 2010001Tsuga heterophyllaTsugaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAlliaceaeTulbaghiaTulbaghia violaceaTulbaghia violaceaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial1 to 2 feet0.6MO Bot Garden001Tulbaghia violaceaTulbaghiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeTussilagoTussilago farfaraTussilago farfaraWild1DicotsherbperennialInfl erect, 5-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV001Tussilago farfaraTussilagoFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMyrtalesMyrtaceaeUgniUgni molinaeUgni molinaeWild1Dicotsshrubperennial1-2 m high2FO NZ IV001Ugni molinaeUgniFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeUlexUlex europaeusUlex europaeusWild1Dicotsshrubperennialup to 2 m high2FO NZ IV001Ulex europaeusUlexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeUlexUlex minorUlex minorWild0Dicotsshrubperennialup to 1.5 m high1.5FO NZ IV001Ulex minorUlexFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesUlmaceaeUlmusUlmus ×hollandicaUlmus ×hollandicaWild1Dicotstreeperennialup to 40 m high40FO NZ IV001Ulmus x hollandicaUlmusFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesUlmaceaeUlmusUlmus glabraUlmus glabraSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialdeciduous tree that typically grows to 70-100 ft30MO Bot Garden001Ulmus glabraUlmusCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSaxifragalesCrassulaceaeUmbilicusUmbilicus rupestrisUmbilicus rupestrisSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennialperennial herbNABritFlora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeUrochloaUrochloa muticaUrochloa muticaWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 180 cm1.8FO NZ V001Urochloa muticaUrochloaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeUrochloaUrochloa panicoidesUrochloa panicoidesSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseannual15-30 cm0.3FO NZ V100Urochloa panicoidesUrochloaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeUrochloaUrochloa subquadriparaUrochloa subquadriparaSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseannual or perennialStoloniferous, basally decumbent annual or perennial (occasionally), grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.6 m highNAWA Flora111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeUrsiniaUrsinia anthemoidesUrsinia anthemoidesSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual0.1-0.5 m high0.5WA Flora100Ursinia anthemoidesUrsiniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesUrticaceaeUrticaUrtica dioicaUrtica dioicaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 2 m tall2POWO001Urtica dioicaUrticaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesUrticaceaeUrticaUrtica incisaUrtica incisaWild0Dicotsvine-herbperennial(as U. incisa) Slender, erect or decumbent, monoecious herb; (as U. linearifolia) Scrambling or climbing, monoecious herbNAFO NZ IV001Urtica dioica subsp. gracilisUrticaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesUrticaceaeUrticaUrtica membranaceaUrtica membranaceaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualHierba anual, monoica o dioica, Tallos 15-150cm (or 30-80 cm)1.5Flora Vascular100Urtica membranaceaUrticaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRosalesUrticaceaeUrticaUrtica urensUrtica urensWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 60 cm high0.6FO NZ IV100Urtica urensUrticaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLentibulariaceaeUtriculariaUtricularia arenariaUtricularia arenariaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannualinfloresence is erect, up to 20 cm long0.2eFloraNZ100Utricularia arenariaUtriculariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLentibulariaceaeUtriculariaUtricularia geminiscapaUtricularia geminiscapaWild0Dicotsherbperennial4 to 6 inches0.15Heenan et al. 2004; MN Wildflowers001Utricularia geminiscapaUtriculariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLentibulariaceaeUtriculariaUtricularia gibbaUtricularia gibbaWild1Dicotsherbperennialstems 3-20 cm long0.2NZPCN001Utricularia gibbaUtriculariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLentibulariaceaeUtriculariaUtricularia lividaUtricularia lividaWild0Dicotsherbannual or perennialinfloresences 2-80 cm long0.8Heenan et al. 2004; NZPCN111Utricularia lividaUtriculariaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLentibulariaceaeUtriculariaUtricularia sandersoniiUtricularia sandersoniiSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial0.1-0.5 metres0.5RHS UK001Utricularia sandersoniiUtriculariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCaryophyllalesCaryophyllaceaeVaccariaVaccaria hispanicaVaccaria hispanicaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualStems 20-100 cm1FO NA100Vaccaria hispanicaVaccariaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaEricalesEricaceaeVacciniumVaccinium corymbosumVaccinium corymbosumSometimes present1Dicotsshrubperennialusually 1-2 m high2FO NZ IV001Vaccinium corymbosumVacciniumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeValerianellaValerianella carinataValerianella carinataWild0Dicotsherbannual8-20 cm long0.2FO NZ IV100Valerianella carinataValerianellaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeValerianellaValerianella locustaValerianella locustaWild0DicotsherbannualStems ascending to erect… 8-35 cm long0.35FO NZ IV100Valerianella locustaValerianellaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesHydrocharitaceaeVallisneriaVallisneria australisVallisneria australisWild0Monocotsherbperennial(as Vallisneria gigantea) aquatic herbNARNZIH001Vallisneria giganteaVallisneriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaRanunculalesBerberidaceaeVancouveriaVancouveria hexandraVancouveria hexandraSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialLeaves falling when fruits maturing; Perennial, Forb/herbNAFO NA; USDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeVellereophytonVellereophyton dealbatumVellereophyton dealbatumWild0Dicotsherbannual10-50 cm tall0.5FO NZ IV100Vellereophyton dealbatumVellereophytonFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeVeltheimiaVeltheimia bracteataVeltheimia bracteataSometimes present0Monocotsherbperennialwinter-growing deciduous bulbous plant...approximately 250 mm high by 350 mm wide rosette at the base of the flower stemNAPlantzAfrica001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeVerbascumVerbascum blattariaVerbascum blattariaWild0Dicotsherbbiennialstems to c. 80 cm high0.8FO NZ IV010Verbascum blattariaVerbascumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeVerbascumVerbascum creticumVerbascum creticumWild0Dicotsherbbiennialstems to 60-(80) cm tall0.8FO NZ IV010Verbascum creticumVerbascumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeVerbascumVerbascum phlomoidesVerbascum phlomoidesSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennialto 1.2 m1.2PFAF010Verbascum phlomoidesVerbascumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeVerbascumVerbascum pulverulentumVerbascum pulverulentumSometimes present0Dicotsherbbiennialto 1.8 m1.8PFAF010Verbascum pulverulentumVerbascumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeVerbascumVerbascum thapsusVerbascum thapsusWild0Dicotsherbannual or biennialto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV110Verbascum thapsusVerbascumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesScrophulariaceaeVerbascumVerbascum virgatumVerbascum virgatumWild0Dicotsherbbiennialto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV010Verbascum virgatumVerbascumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeVerbenaVerbena africanaVerbena africanaWild0Dicotsherbperennial, rarely annual(as Verbena officinalis subsp africana) Erect perennial, rarely annual herb, 60-150 cm tall1FO Zimbabwe111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeVerbenaVerbena bonariensisVerbena bonariensisWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 3 m tall3FO NZ IV001Verbena bonariensisVerbenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeVerbenaVerbena brasiliensisVerbena brasiliensisWild0Dicotsherbperennialto 2 m tall2FO NZ IV001Verbena brasiliensisVerbenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeVerbenaVerbena hastataVerbena hastataSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialHerbaceous perennial, height: 2-6 ft1.8MO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeVerbenaVerbena incomptaVerbena incomptaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual, biennial or perennialHerb 0.5–1.5(-2) m high; annual, biennial, or perennial forb/herb or subshrub2NSW Flora; USDA PLANTS111 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeVerbenaVerbena litoralisVerbena litoralisWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Verbena litoralisVerbenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeVerbenaVerbena officinalisVerbena officinalisWild0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennialstems to 80 cm tall0.8FO NZ IV111Verbena officinalisVerbenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeVerbenaVerbena rigidaVerbena rigidaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Verbena rigidaVerbenaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesVerbenaceaeVerbenaVerbena tenuisectaVerbena tenuisectaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or perennialHierbas anuales o perennes, variando de postradas a decumbentes, algunas veces subleñosos en la base y erectos hasta 1 m1TROPICOS111Verbena tenuisectaVerbenaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesEuphorbiaceaeVerniciaVernicia fordiiVernicia fordiiSometimes present0DicotstreeperennialTrees deciduous, up to 10 m tall, monoecious10FO China001Vernicia fordiiVerniciaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica agrestisVeronica agrestisWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Veronica agrestisVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica americanaVeronica americanaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV001Veronica americanaVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica anagallis-aquaticaVeronica anagallis-aquaticaWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 60 cm0.6FO NZ IV001Veronica anagallis-aquaticaVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica arvensisVeronica arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual2-25 cm tall0.25FO NZ IV100Veronica arvensisVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica catenataVeronica catenataWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 25 cm 0.25FO NZ IV001Veronica catenataVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica chamaedrysVeronica chamaedrysWild0Dicotsherbperennialto c. 30 cm0.3FO NZ IV001Veronica chamaedrysVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica filiformisVeronica filiformisWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems creepingNAFO NZ IV001Veronica filiformisVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica hederifoliaVeronica hederifoliaWild0Dicotsherbannualstems slender, decumbentNAFO NZ IV100Veronica hederifoliaVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica javanicaVeronica javanicaWild0DicotsherbannualAnnual, decumbent or ascending herb to about 15 cm. tall0.15NZPCN100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica officinalisVeronica officinalisSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS001Veronica officinalisVeronicaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica peregrinaVeronica peregrinaWild0DicotsherbannualAnnuals, 5-25 cm tallNAFO China100Veronica peregrina var. peregrinaVeronicaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica persicaVeronica persicaWild0Dicotsherbannualstems decumbent, up to c. 70 cm longNAFO NZ IV100Veronica persicaVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica politaVeronica politaWild0Dicotsherbannualstems decumbent, to c. 15 cm longNAFO NZ IV100Veronica politaVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica scutellataVeronica scutellataWild0Dicotsherbannual or perennialstems thin, weak, to c. 35 cm longNAFO NZ IV111Veronica scutellataVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica serpyllifoliaVeronica serpyllifoliaWild0Dicotsherbperennialflowering stems… to c. 25 cm0.25FO NZ IV001Veronica serpyllifoliaVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica triphyllosVeronica triphyllosWild0Dicotsherbannualto c. 15 cm0.15FO NZ IV100Veronica triphyllosVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesPlantaginaceaeVeronicaVeronica vernaVeronica vernaWild0Dicotsherbannual1-15 cm tall0.15FO NZ IV100Veronica vernaVeronicaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSolanalesSolanaceaeVestiaVestia foetidaVestia foetidaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialc. 1.5-2 m high2Webb et al. 1995001Vestia foetidaVestiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesAdoxaceaeViburnumViburnum japonicumViburnum japonicumSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialBroadleaf evergreen, height: 6-8 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesAdoxaceaeViburnumViburnum opulusViburnum opulusSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial2.5-4 m high4Webb et al. 1995001Viburnum opulusViburnumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesAdoxaceaeViburnumViburnum plicatumViburnum plicatumWild0Dicotsshrubperennial2.5-4 metres4Webb et al. 1995; RHS UK001Viburnum plicatumViburnumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesAdoxaceaeViburnumViburnum tinusViburnum tinusWild0Dicotsshrubperennialto c. 5 m high5FO NZ IV001Viburnum tinusViburnumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia benghalensisVicia benghalensisSometimes present0Dicotsherb-vineannualAnnual, Forb/herb, VineNAUSDA PLANTS100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia bithynicaVicia bithynicaSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual, Forb/herbNAUSDA PLANTS100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia craccaVicia craccaWild0DicotsherbperennialscramblingNAFO NZ IV001Vicia craccaViciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia dispermaVicia dispermaWild0DicotsherbannualscramblingNAFO NZ IV100Vicia dispermaViciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia fabaVicia fabaWild0Dicotsherbannualup to 2 metres tall2POWO100Vicia fabaViciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia hirsutaVicia hirsutaWild0Dicotsherbannualslender scramblingNAFO NZ IV100Vicia hirsutaViciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia lathyroidesVicia lathyroidesWild0DicotsherbannualprostrateNAFO NZ IV100Vicia lathyroidesViciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia luteaVicia luteaWild0Dicotsherbannualtufted, scrambling, prostrateNAFO NZ IV100Vicia luteaViciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia narbonensisVicia narbonensisSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual forb/herb or vineNAUSDA PLANTS100Vicia narbonensisViciaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia sativaVicia sativaWild0Dicotsherbannualslender to stout scrambling or tuftedNAFO NZ IV100Vicia sativaViciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia tetraspermaVicia tetraspermaWild0Dicotsherbannualslender scramblingNAFO NZ IV100Vicia tetraspermaViciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeViciaVicia villosaVicia villosaWild0DicotsherbperennialscramblingNAFO NZ IV001Vicia villosaViciaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeVincaVinca majorVinca majorWild1DicotsherbperennialStems trailing or runningNAFO NZ IV001Vinca majorVincaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeVincaVinca minorVinca minorWild0DicotsherbperennialStems prostrate, mat-forming, trailing or creeping.NAFO NZ IV001Vinca minorVincaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaGentianalesApocynaceaeVincetoxicumVincetoxicum hirundinariaVincetoxicum hirundinariaWild0DicotsvineperennialVine, Height: 10-20 ftNAMO Bot Garden001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesViolaceaeViolaViola ×wittrockianaViola ×wittrockianaWild0DicotsherbperennialStems ascending to erect… 10-30 cm long0.3FO NZ IV001Viola x wittrockianaViolaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesViolaceaeViolaViola arvensisViola arvensisWild0Dicotsherbannual7-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV100Viola arvensisViolaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesViolaceaeViolaViola banksiiViola banksiiWild0DicotsherbperennialVigorous perennial herb spreading by stolons, Flowers on scapes to 15 cm long and exceeding the leaves0.15NZPCN001Viola hederaceaViolaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesViolaceaeViolaViola betonicifoliaViola betonicifoliaSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialPerennial herbNANSW Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesViolaceaeViolaViola odorataViola odorataWild0Dicotsherbperennialaerial stems 0. Lvs all rosulateNAFO NZ IV001Viola odorataViolaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesViolaceaeViolaViola rivinianaViola rivinianaWild0Dicotsherbperennialstems prostrate to ascendingNAFO NZ IV001Viola rivinianaViolaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaMalpighialesViolaceaeViolaViola sieboldiiViola sieboldiiSometimes present0DicotsNAPOWONANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeVirgiliaVirgilia oroboidesVirgilia oroboidesSometimes present0Dicotstreeperennialup to 15 m15PlantzAfrica001Virgilia oroboidesVirgiliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSantalalesSantalaceaeViscumViscum albumViscum albumSometimes present0DicotsherbperennialStem parasite (mistletoe); Perennial shrub or subshrubNAWebb et al. 1995; USDA PLANTS001Viscum albumViscumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaVitalesVitaceaeVitisVitis viniferaVitis viniferaWild1DicotslianeperenniallianeNAFO NZ IV001Vitis viniferaVitisFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeVittadiniaVittadinia cuneataVittadinia cuneataWild0Dicotssubshrub-herbperennialperennial herb or subshrub, (10)-15-40 cm tall0.4FO NZ IV001Vittadinia cuneataVittadiniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeVittadiniaVittadinia dissectaVittadinia dissectaSometimes present0Dicotsherbannual or short-lived perennial10-35 cm high0.35NSW Flora111Vittadinia dissectaVittadiniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeVittadiniaVittadinia gracilisVittadinia gracilisWild0Dicotssubshrub-herbperennialperennial herb or subshrub, (10)-15-30 cm tall0.3FO NZ IV001Vittadinia gracilisVittadiniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeVittadiniaVittadinia muelleriVittadinia muelleriSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial6-20(-30) cm high0.3Vic Flora001Vittadinia muelleriVittadiniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeVulpiaVulpia bromoidesVulpia bromoidesWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual3-60-(80) cm0.8FO NZ V100Vulpia bromoidesVulpiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeVulpiaVulpia fasciculataVulpia fasciculataSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseannualannual of sand dunes, particularly open, disturbed parts of fixed dunes, and sandy shingle, frequently associated with other winter-annualsNABritFlora100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeVulpiaVulpia myurosVulpia myurosWild0Monocotscaespitoseannual(3)-9-90 cm0.9FO NZ V100Vulpia myurosVulpiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaCommelinalesHaemodoraceaeWachendorfiaWachendorfia thyrsifloraWachendorfia thyrsifloraWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialscape to 2 m high2FO NZ III001Wachendorfia thyrsifloraWachendorfiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCampanulaceaeWahlenbergiaWahlenbergia strictaWahlenbergia strictaSometimes present0Dicotsherbperennial10-90 cm high0.9NSW Flora001Wahlenbergia strictaWahlenbergiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaArecalesPalmaeWashingtoniaWashingtonia robustaWashingtonia robustaSometimes present0MonocotstreeperennialLong-lived perennial tree; Perennial, TreeNANZPCN; USDA PLANTS001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeWatsoniaWatsonia aletroidesWatsonia aletroidesSometimes present0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 0.7 m high0.7WA Flora001Watsonia aletroidesWatsoniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeWatsoniaWatsonia borbonicaWatsonia borbonicaSometimes presentWatsonia borbonica subsp. ardernei is 'fully naturalised' (14May2020)0Monocotscaespitoseperennialup to 2 m high2PlantzAfrica001Watsonia borbonicaWatsoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeWatsoniaWatsonia fourcadeiWatsonia fourcadeiSometimes presentCHR 6441030MonocotsNANANANAWatsonia fourcadeiWatsoniaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeWatsoniaWatsonia marginataWatsonia marginataWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 1.5 m high1.5FO NZ III001Watsonia marginataWatsoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeWatsoniaWatsonia merianaWatsonia merianaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial75-100 cm high1FO NZ III001Watsonia merianaWatsoniaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeWatsoniaWatsonia versfeldiiWatsonia versfeldiiSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialCormous, perennial, herb, 1-1.8 m high1.8WA Flora001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesIridaceaeWatsoniaWatsonia zeyheriWatsonia zeyheriSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseperennialPlants (150–)350–800 mm high0.8TROPICOS; CJB Africa001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeWedeliaWedelia glaucaWedelia glaucaSometimes presentMentioned by Kirk 1895 (as Pacalia glauca) as species entering NZ in Ballast-heaps. Collected only once (WELT 61178 , Wellington, Kirk) (14May2020)0Dicotsherbperennialup to 1 m tall1FO NZ IV001Wedelia glaucaWedeliaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaDipsacalesCaprifoliaceaeWeigelaWeigela floridaWeigela floridaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennial1-2 m high2Webb et al. 1995001Weigela floridaWeigelaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLamialesLabiataeWestringiaWestringia fruticosaWestringia fruticosaSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialat least 2 m high2ANBG001Westringia rosmariniformisWestringiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaBoraginalesBoraginaceaeWigandiaWigandia caracasanaWigandia caracasanaSometimes present0DicotsshrubperennialErect, robust, suffrutescent herb (sometimes appearing shrublike) seldom more than 3 m tall; (as Wigandia urens var caracasana) Perennial, subshrub3TROPICOS; USDA PLANTS001Wigandia caracasanaWigandiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaFabalesLeguminosaeWisteriaWisteria sinensisWisteria sinensisWild1DicotsvineperennialWoody deciduous climber up to 30 m longNAFO NZ IV001Wisteria sinensisWisteriaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaLilialesColchicaceaeWurmbeaWurmbea strictaWurmbea strictaSometimes presentCHR 638027; Vinnersten, A.; Manning, J. 2007: A new classification of Colchicaceae. Taxon 56(1): 171-178. (14May2020)0MonocotsNANANANA TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeXanthiumXanthium spinosumXanthium spinosumWild0Dicotsherbannual10-100 cm tall1FO NZ IV100Xanthium spinosumXanthiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeXanthiumXanthium strumariumXanthium strumariumWild0Dicotsherbannualup to c. 1 m tall1FO NZ IV100Xanthium strumariumXanthiumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeXanthosomaXanthosoma sagittifoliumXanthosoma sagittifoliumWild0Monocotsherbperennial2 to 4 feet1.2MO Bot Garden001Xanthosoma sagittifoliumXanthosomaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeXerochrysumXerochrysum bracteatumXerochrysum bracteatumWild0Dicotsherbannual(as Helichrysum bracteatum) 20-60-(200) cm tall2FO NZ IV100Helichrysum bracteatumHelichrysumFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeYuccaYucca brevifoliaYucca brevifoliaSometimes present0MonocotstreeperennialPlants usually solitary, erect, arborescent, to 15 mNAFO NA001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeYuccaYucca giganteaYucca giganteaSometimes present0Monocotsperennialarborescent monocotNANZPCN001 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagaceaeYuccaYucca gloriosaYucca gloriosaSometimes present0Monocotsshrubperennialshrub to 1.8 m; Plants forming colonies of rosettes, caulescent, arborescent, simple or more often branching. Stems erect, to 5 m5PFAF; FO NA001Yucca gloriosaYuccaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeZantedeschiaZantedeschia aethiopicaZantedeschia aethiopicaWild1Monocotsherbperennialto 1.5 m high1.5FO NZ III001Zantedeschia aethiopicaZantedeschiaFully naturalised TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAlismatalesAraceaeZantedeschiaZantedeschia albomaculataZantedeschia albomaculataWild0Monocotsherbperennial(as Zantedeschia albomaculata subsp albomaculata) Seasonally dormant perennial herbNACJB Africa001Zantedeschia albomaculataZantedeschiaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaSapindalesRutaceaeZanthoxylumZanthoxylum simulansZanthoxylum simulansSometimes present0Dicotsshrubperennialto 4 m4PFAF001Zanthoxylum simulansZanthoxylumCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeZeaZea maysZea maysSometimes present0MonocotscaespitoseannualAnnual, graminoid, 8 ft mature height2.4USDA PLANTS100Zea maysZeaCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsparagalesAmaryllidaceaeZephyranthesZephyranthes candidaZephyranthes candidaWild0Monocotscaespitoseperennial0.5 to 1 feet0.3MO Bot Garden001Zephyranthes candidaZephyranthesCasual TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesCompositaeZinniaZinnia elegansZinnia elegansSometimes present0DicotsherbannualAnnual, height: 1-4 ft1.2MO Bot Garden100 TracheophytaMagnoliopsidaPoalesGramineaeZizaniaZizania latifoliaZizania latifoliaWild1Monocotscaespitoseperennialto 3 m3FO NZ V001Zizania latifoliaZizaniaFully naturalised