# Site_Description

reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/10/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS LScp
field_samples: Yes
description: Western side of a moraine ridge on the seaward side of a small glacial basin
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Loose bouldery (2.5-.5m) till, mainly greywacke with some felsite, possibly some loessial material
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous, some moisture from thawing of patchy snow cover
patterned_ground: Weakly developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 20cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
geological_setting:
  Till deposited at the mouth of a glacial basin, probably from an expanded Manhaul Glacier and derived from principally greywacke rocks of the Robertson Bay Group

biological_activity:
  Moss and lichen patches in small discontinuous patches around edges of surface rocks in moist hollows

surface_weathering:
  Surface rocks are subangular and unweathered but splitting along cleavage planes, some wind sorting of surface materials


reason: For biological sample
observation_date: 1964/10/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS LScp
field_samples: No
description: Gently sloping surface of a small glacial basin, a moist hollow
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Loose till, mainly greywacke with some felsite, possibly some loessial material
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
patterned_ground: Moderately developed nets 1-2m across with stone borders
surface_weathering: Surface clasts subangular and unweathered but splitting along cleavage planes,
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 8cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
geological_setting:
  Till deposited in a small glacial basin and derived from principally greywacke rocks of the Robertson Bay Group, some minor fluvial and patterned ground sediment reworking

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous, some moisture from thawing of patchy snow cover with seepage to lower lying sites

biological_activity:
  Moss and lichen patches in small discontinuous patches around edges of surface rocks in moist hollows


reason: Examination of fines in polygon centre
observation_date: 1964/10/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Till, mainly greywacke with some felsite and possibly some loessial material
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
biological_activity: Small moss and lichen patches
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 8cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Sloping floor of a small glacially scoured basin, near Luther Peak, a flat and damp hollow; sampled from the centre of a patterned ground polygon

geological_setting:
  Till deposited at the mouth of a glacial basin and derived from principally greywacke rocks of the Robertson Bay Group, some minor fluvial and patterned ground reworking

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous, soils wet for periods with seepage of water from thawing snow patches into low lying areas

patterned_ground:
  Moderately developed; 1-1.5m nets with well sorted coarse fragments in cracks and fine material in the centres

surface_weathering:
  Surface rocks subangular and unweathered but splitting along cleavage planes, some wind sorting of surface materials


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/10/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS LScp
field_samples: Yes
description: Western side of glacial basin on the lower part of a steep slope above a frozen lake
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
geological_setting: Slope detritus, largely disaggregated bedrock from greywacke sandstone of the Robertson Bay Group
soil_parent_matterial: Greywacke slope detritus with some till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
surface_weathering:
  Extensive fresh angular and subrounded greywacke boulders, some with carbonate coatings on upper surfaces (overturned).


reason: Rock weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/10/28
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: On a narrow sloping ridge trending eastwards from Luther Peak to Edisto Inlet
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated bedrock forming a shallow pebbly regolith
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous moisture derived from thawing of intermittent snow cover
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Bedrock outcrops of schistose greywacke showing strong surface disintegration along bedding planes
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
geological_setting:
  Metasedimentary greywacke rocks of the Robertson Bay Group; bands of finer textured finely foliated rocks within coarser sediments


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/10/28
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: In a saddle on a ridge between Luther Peak and Edisto Inlet, 200m below Luther Peak
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Fine greywacke pebbles and silty (loess like) material
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous, soil moistened from periodic snow melt
biological_activity: Not observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed small nets
surface_weathering: Angular unweathered greywacke cobbles and boulders and some quartz
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
geological_setting:
  Disaggregated bedrock from greywacke sandstone of the Robertson Bay Group with surface accumulation of fine silt-like material


reason: Examination of stone coatings
observation_date: 1964/10/29
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS LScp
field_samples: Yes
description: Floor of a small glacially scoured basin, near Luther Peak
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Greywacke till, with surficial fluvial and aeolian reworking
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, seepage of water from thawing snow patches on adjacent areas at times
biological_activity: Abundant crustose lichen and moss patches on the soil surface
patterned_ground: Polygonal nets weakly developed
surface_weathering: Surface clasts subangular and unweathered, pale brown surface carbonate coatings are extensive
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 5cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
geological_setting:
  Till derived from schistose greywackes of the Robertson Bay Group, with some minor fluvial resorting on the valley floor


reason: Examination of salts
observation_date: 1964/10/29
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: Eastern side of glacial basin below Luther Peak, on a foot slope
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
geological_setting: Till and slope drift derived from schistose greywackes of the Robertson Bay Group
soil_parent_matterial: Greywacke till, with surface reworking due to downslope movement
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed solifluction terracing
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 5cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
surface_weathering:
  Surface clasts subangular and unweathered, white encrustations of salt on some rocks, on the soil surface and beneath some surface stones


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/10/30
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: northern side of glacial basin, 2km NE of Luther Peak on a ridge above the coast
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Foliated and crumbled schistose greywacke forming a thin veneer over bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
geological_setting:
  Schistose greywackes of the Robertson Bay Group, bands of harder rock separated by thinner strongly foliated bands

surface_weathering:
  Foliated greywacke disaggregating along bedding planes and forming a powdery material in rock cracks


reason: Biological sample
observation_date: 1964/10/30
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: NotAv
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
geological_setting: Greywacke rocks of the Robertson Bay Group
soil_parent_matterial: Greywacke till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous, some moisture from thawing of patchy snow cover
biological_activity: Moss and lichen patches, some insects
patterned_ground: Not observed
surface_weathering: Not observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Northern side of a glacial basin on a ridge alongside the coast, approx 2km NE of Luther Peak, a small hollow


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/10/30
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery till (up to 2m) comprising metagreywacke of the Robertson Bay Group
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous, some moisture from thawing of patchy snow cover
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Large uneven-surfaced nets with deep (>1m) troughs
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 50cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On an uneven sloping lateral moraine surface on the south side of an un-named glacier, approx 2km NE of Luther Peak

geological_setting:
  Lateral glacial moraine, possibly ice-cored, deposited by retreat of a local glacier; the moraine marks the former position of the un- named glacier

surface_weathering:
  Some fragmentation of surface rocks, some light staining and exfoliation with slight cavernous weathering


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/10/30
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: LScp CS
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous, some moisture from thawing of patchy snow cover
biological_activity: Many small patches of moss and lichens
patterned_ground: Weakly developed nets
surface_weathering: Minor fragmentation of surface rocks, angular and unstained
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On an uneven sloping lateral moraine surface on the south side of an un-named glacier, approx 2km NE of Luther Peak; a young moraine surface 250m from the glacier; site near a polygon centre

geological_setting:
  Lateral glacial moraine, possibly ice-cored, deposited by retreat of a local glacier; the moraine marks a late stage in the retreat of an un-named glacier

soil_parent_matterial:
  Bouldery till (up to 2m) comprising metagreywacke of the Robertson Bay Group; till has small pockets of finer textured material


reason: Particle size examination
observation_date: 1964/10/31
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Fine textured loess like material in rock crevasses
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous, some moisture from thawing of extensive snow cover
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil observed
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A steeply sloping couloir in cliffs, immediately adjacent to Edisto Inlet; sampled from rock exposure near the top of the slope

geological_setting:
  Metagreywackes of the Robertson Bay Group have remnant deposits of very old tills (Miocene?) overlying partly weathered? bedrock, loess like materials occur in pockets


reason: Particle size examination
observation_date: 1964/10/31
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Fine textured loess like material in rock crevasses
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous, some moisture from thawing of extensive snow cover
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NotObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A steeply sloping couloir in cliffs, immediately adjacent to Edisto Inlet; sampled from rock exposure near basal till

geological_setting:
  Metagreywackes of the Robertson Bay Group have remnant deposits of very old tills (Miocene?) overlying partly weathered? bedrock, loess like materials occur in pockets


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/02
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Stony metagreywacke slope detritus with minor inclusion of felsitic material
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, no snow cover
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the northeast slopes of Felsite Island, on a gently sloping scree mantled slope below grewyacke and quartz outcrops

geological_setting:
  Folded Robertson Bay Group metagreywacke with quartz veins outcrop extensively and have a thin cover of bedrock-derived slope detritus and minor till

surface_weathering:
  surface boulders partly rounded by wind abrasion; fragments of quartz outcrops spread 20m downslope; surface rocks mostly unstained; moderately developed cobble pavement


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/02
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Solifluction lobes, approx 10m wide by 30m long; front scarps are very bouldery with 1-2m risers
surface_weathering: surface boulders mainly angular and subangular and unstained, some with thin carbonate coatings
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the upper northeast slopes of Felsite Island below the ridge crest, on solifluction lobes situated some distance below snow banks; the surface is broad, convex and uneven

geological_setting:
  Folded Robertson Bay Group metagreywacke with quartz veins outcrop in places but are mostly covered with a mantle of till and slope drift which has been reworked in places by slow downslope solifluction creep

soil_parent_matterial:
  Stony metagreywacke slope detritus with minor inclusion of felsitic material; finer material in the centres of the solifluction lobes

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous, periodic moisture for solifluction processes derived from thawing of snowbanks on adjacent higher slopes


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/11/02
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Subrounded beach gravel
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, soil moisture derived from occasional snowfalls
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
description:
  On a beach surface on the northeastern side of Felsite Island; the surface is a beach remnant, about 8m above sea level and has been partly eroded by ice from the Edisto Glacier

geological_setting:
  Small remnant coastal beach deposits, formed either through uplift or as a result of higher sea levels, occur just above sea level in places around the coast; the deposits are well sorted, form small flat topped terraces and are derived mainly from metagreywacke rocks of the Robertson Bay Group

surface_weathering:
  Surface pebbles and cobbles are mainly subrounded and unstained; the undersides of some stones have small deposits of salt and show minor exfoliation

processing_notes:
  Long text site description information scraped from HTML files, IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/02
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Subrounded moderately sorted beach gravel, mainly metagreywacke but some basalt also present
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, soil moisture derived from occasional snowfalls
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: subrounded to subangular pavement of pebbles, cobbles and occasional boulders, unstained
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 40cm
description:
  On the edge of a narrow beach ridge on the northeastern side of Felsite Island; the surface is a beach remnant, about 5m above sea level and has been partly eroded by ice from the Edisto Glacier;

geological_setting:
  Small remnant coastal beach deposits, formed either through uplift or as a result of higher sea levels, occur just above sea level in places around the coast at Felsite Island; the deposits are well sorted, form small flat topped terraces and are derived mainly from metagreywacke rocks of the Robertson Bay Group

processing_notes:
  Long text site description information scraped from HTML files, IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere


reason: Biological sample
observation_date: 1964/11/03
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: NotAv
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Scoriaceous basalt drift
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, soil moisture derived from occasional snowfalls and melt from snowbanks
biological_activity: Lichen and moss patches are extensive in pockets
patterned_ground: Small nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On a moist, gently sloping and north facing surface with a thin cover of volcanic detritus over underlying volcanic rock

geological_setting:
  Black and red scoriaceous basalt and brown tuffites of the McMurdo Volcanic Group outcrop extensively;


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/11/03
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: A rocky knoll on Redcastle ridge,
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Coarse fragmental basalt with some wind deposited material?
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, soil moisture derived from occasional snowfalls
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Angular dense basalt from rock outcrop
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
geological_setting:
  A plug of dense basalt among black and red scoriaceous basalt and brown tuffites of the McMurdo Volcanic Group


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/11/03
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
geological_setting: Scoriaceous basalt, denser flow basalts and brown tuffites of the McMurdo Volcanic Group
soil_parent_matterial: Mainly coarse volcanic slope detritus reworked by patterned ground and solifluction processes
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
biological_activity: Nil observed
surface_weathering: Angular unstained surface pebbles with salt accumulations beneath some stones
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A scoria patch on a moderately steep slope below a flattish surface just off the main Redcastle Ridge surface; description and sample site from the centre of a solifluction lobe

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous, soil moisture derived from occasional snowfalls and from downslope seepage from snowbanks above

patterned_ground:
  Well developed patterned ground/solifluction lobes, coarse particles around the margins and fine material in the centres


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS LScp
field_samples: Yes
description: A gentle talus slope a few metres from the crest of Redcastle Ridge
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
geological_setting: Scoriaceous basalt, denser flow basalts and brown tuffites of the McMurdo Volcanic Group
soil_parent_matterial: disaggregated scoriaceous and tuffaceous bedrock
soil_climate_zone: coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, soil moisture derived from occasional snow falls and from wind blown snow
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
surface_weathering:
  A weakly developed pavement of scoria cobbles, occasional crystalline salts and carbonate coatings beneath some surface stones


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Pro & LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Weakly stratified colluvium derived from basalt flow, scoria and tuffite; partly sorted and rounded
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, soil moisture derived from occasional snowfalls and from windblown snow
biological_activity: Scattered lichen patches
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: loose dry frozen
frozen_comment: >60cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A fan slope near the coast which merges with a raised beach on the eastern side of Redcastle Ridge; profile site located on the side of a stream channel

geological_setting:
  Deposits on low surfaces near the coast are fluvially worked volcanic materials from adjacent outcrops of McMurdo Volcanics; beach deposits nearest the coast merge into and are overlain by less well sorted and rounded material

surface_weathering:
  Weakly developed pavement of subrounded basaltic pebbles and cobbles; some salts beneath surface stones


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/03
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Young stream alluvium derived from basalt flow, scoria and tuffite; partly sorted and rounded
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, soil moisture derived from occasional snowfalls and from periodic stream flows
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Few weakly developed patterned ground cracks
surface_weathering: Some salt coatings on a few surface cobbles
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 20cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A fan slope near the coast which merges with a raised beach on the eastern side of Redcastle Ridge; the surfaces are cut by small drainage channels and the profile site located on the floor of a stream channel

geological_setting:
  Deposits on low surfaces near the coast are fluvially worked volcanic materials from adjacent outcrops of McMurdo Volcanics; beach deposits nearest the coast merge into and are overlain by less well sorted and rounded material


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/11/03
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: A raised beach surface on the coast on the eastern side of Redcastle Ridge
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Coastal beach gravels derived from basalt flow, scoria and tuffite; partly sorted and rounded
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous,
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
geological_setting:
  Deposits on low surfaces near the coast are fluvially worked volcanic materials from adjacent outcrops of McMurdo Volcanics; beach deposits nearest the coast are bouldery storm beach deposits but are finer further away


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
geological_setting: Flow basalt of the McMurdo Volcanics Group is interbedded with scoriaceous basalt and tuffite
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, moisture from thawing of intermittent surface snow cover
biological_activity: scattered small patches of orange lichen
patterned_ground: Weakly developed small nets (.5-1.5m) with fines concentrated in the centres
surface_weathering: Angular surface pebbles and cobbles
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 20cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A low angle slope adjacent to an extensive snowbank with bedrock fragmentation occurring through frost action

soil_parent_matterial:
  Dark coloured and coarse textured fragmented flow basalt forming a veneer of frost shattered material


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/11/03
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, moisture from thawing of intermittent surface snow cover
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Angular surface pebbles and cobbles forming a protective pavement over softer tuffite
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A short scree slope on an outcrop of tuffite on the lower slopes of Redcastle ridge, above the terrace and fan surfaces

geological_setting:
  Tuffite of the McMurdo Volcanics Group is interbedded with scoriaceous basalt and outcrops in places

soil_parent_matterial:
  A thin layer of disaggregated tuffite, mantled with a veneer of harder flow basalt fragments, over compact tuffite


reason: Rock weathering
observation_date: 1964/11/15
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 7o
soil_parent_matterial: Coarse sand and granule sized granite (with some metasedimentary) rock particles in a rock crack
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present, moisture source occasional snowmelt
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Some fracturing of large boulders and slight wind rounding; some slight surface staining
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Soil material examined in cracks in a very large granite boulder on rising undulating moraine on the north east side of Inexpressible Island

geological_setting:
  Glacial till derived mainly from Granite Harbour Intrusives occurs extensively; a very large boulder, either bedrock or till derived, contained fine particle-sized material in rock cracks


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
description: On a gently sloping beach surface, at the northern end of the east side of Inexpressible Island
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 2o
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy pebble and cobble gravel beach deposits
soil_climate_zone: coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present, moisture source occasional snowmelt
biological_activity: Penguins and seals
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Most surface rocks are well rounded due to wave action
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 18cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
geological_setting:
  Granitic till and granitic raised beach gravels, derived from Granite Harbour Intrusives occur extensively; the beach deposits are well sorted and form a series of distinct levels with gently sloping treads and steeper bouldery risers


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present, moisture source occasional snowmelt
biological_activity: Former penguin nesting site in part identified by the accumulation of nesting stones
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Most surface rocks are well rounded due to wave action
previous_disturbance: Disturbed by penguin nesting
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
description:
  A raised beach surface, approximately 200m inland from the coast, at the site of a small penguin rookery, on the south eastern coast of Inexpressible Island

geological_setting:
  Granitic till and granitic raised beach gravels, derived from Granite Harbour Intrusives occur extensively; the beach deposits are well sorted and form a series of distinct levels with gently sloping treads and steeper bouldery risers; the site has been modified by penguin nesting

soil_parent_matterial:
  Sandy pebble and cobble gravel beach deposits with accumulation of mineral material (pebbles, sand and silt) and organic matter, including shell fragments, from nesting penguins

processing_notes:
  Long text site description information scraped from HTML files, IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy pebble, cobble and boulder gravel beach deposits derived mainly from granites
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present, moisture source occasional snowmelt
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: most surface rocks are well rounded due to wave action
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 33cm
description:
  A raised beach surface, approximately 250m inland from the coast, at the site of a small penguin rookery, on the south eastern coast of Inexpressible Island

geological_setting:
  Granitic till and granitic raised beach gravels, derived from Granite Harbour Intrusives occur extensively; the beach deposits are well sorted and form a series of distinct levels with gently sloping treads and steeper bouldery risers; the site has not thought to have been modified by penguins

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present, moisture source occasional snowmelt
biological_activity: Site previously occupied for penguin nesting
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Most surface rocks are well rounded due to wave action
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 23cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A raised beach surface, approximately 150m inland from the coast, at the site of a small penguin rookery, on the south eastern coast of Inexpressible Island; on a distinct gravel mound formed by accumulation of nesting stones;

geological_setting:
  Granitic till and granitic raised beach gravels, derived from Granite Harbour Intrusives occur extensively; the beach deposits are well sorted and form a series of distinct levels with gently sloping treads and steeper bouldery risers

soil_parent_matterial:
  Sandy pebble, cobble and boulder gravel beach deposits derived mainly from granites with accumulations of mineral and organic material from penguin nesting

previous_disturbance:
  Penguin nesting; site unoccupied for a considerable time with accumulations of nesting stones forming a distinctive but subdued mound


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/16
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_parent_matterial: Partly decomposed penguin guano mixed with and overlying granitic beach gravels
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present, moisture source occasional snowmelt
biological_activity: Site previously occupied for penguin nesting
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Nest sites are clearly demarcated; ground surface is covered with old guano
previous_disturbance: A penguin nesting site, not presently occupied, as accumulations of guano are partly decomposed
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A raised beach surface, approximately 100m inland from the coast, at the site of a small penguin rookery, on the south eastern coast of Inexpressible Island; an unoccupied penguin nesting site partly guano covered

geological_setting:
  Granitic till and granitic raised beach gravels, derived from Granite Harbour Intrusives occur extensively; the beach deposits are well sorted and form a series of distinct levels with gently sloping treads and steeper bouldery risers


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/16
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 2o
soil_parent_matterial: Fresh guano mixed with and overlying granitic beach gravels
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present, moisture source occasional snowmelt
biological_activity: Site presently occupied by nesting penguins
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Nest sites are clearly demarcated; ground surface is covered with fresh guano
previous_disturbance: A penguin nesting site, presently occupied, accumulations of fresh guano
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 20cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A bouldery beach surface, approximately 15m from the coast, at the site of a small penguin rookery, on the south eastern coast of Inexpressible Island; an occupied guano-covered penguin nesting site

geological_setting:
  Granitic till and granitic raised beach gravels, derived from Granite Harbour Intrusives occur extensively; the beach deposits consist mainly of boulders


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/17
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 2o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present, moisture source occasional snowmelt
biological_activity: Few scattered lichens on rocks
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 20cm
description:
  A bouldery knoll, possibly a former wave cut surface, near the southern tip of Inexpressible Island; the surface is gently convex and mantled with large (up to 4m) boulders most of which are rounded to subrounded; profile site between large upstanding boulders

geological_setting:
  Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrop in places; the surface is at a similar level to other prominent planar surfaces at Cape Russell on the Northern Foothills; dark coloured crystalline/schistose basement erratic boulders are also present

surface_weathering:
  Granite boulders showing distinct patchy surface staining; slight surface exfoliation; boulders mainly subrounded; some wind abrasion

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/17
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: overall 25o, site 5o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Solifluction terracette, 3-5m lobes with 1m risers
surface_weathering: Surface boulders are mainly subangular and unstained
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 15cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the west side of a hill on the southern tip of Inexpressible Island; the surface is moderately sloping, mantled with granite boulders up to 2m long and has 1-5m solifluction terraces

geological_setting:
  Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrop in places; dark coloured crystalline/schistose basement erratic boulders are also present

soil_parent_matterial:
  Predominantly granitic till, reworked through solifluction movement; soil on solifluction terrace mainly from granule & sand-sized material partially water-sorted during brief periods of thaw & solifluction movement

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present, soils wet for a short period when patchy snow cover and icey permafrost thaws and water flows downslope


reason: Biological sample
observation_date: 1964/11/17
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: NotAv
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: overall 25o, site 5o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
biological_activity: Small patches of moss/algae forming organic mats
patterned_ground: Solifluction terracette, 3-5m lobes with 1m risers
surface_weathering: Surface boulders are mainly subangular and unstained
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the west side of a hill on the southern tip of Inexpressible Island; the surface is moderately sloping, mantled with granite boulders up to 2m long and has 1-5m solifluction terraces; some small patches of organic material present

geological_setting:
  Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrop in places; dark coloured crystalline/schistose basement erratic boulders are also present; the surface is modified by solifluction movement

soil_parent_matterial:
  Predominantly granitic till, reworked through solifluction movement; soil on solifluction terrace mainly from granule & sand-sized material partially water-sorted during brief periods of thaw & solifluction movement

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present but soils wet for a short period when patchy snow cover and icey permafrost thaws and water flows downslope


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/17
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 7o
soil_parent_matterial: Compact predominantly granitic ice-cored silty till, reworked through ablation processes
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Moderately developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  On the southwest side and at the southern tip of Inexpressible Island; on a low undulating surface at the edge of the Nansen Ice Sheet on a young, ice-cored till surface; hummocky dirt cone surface formed through ablation/sorting processes

geological_setting:
  Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrop widely in the region and tills are predominantly from these rocks but with lesser amounts of other rocks including Precambrian metasedimentary rocks; the till is recently deposited, weakly consolidated and poorly water sorted through supraglacial ablation reworking processes

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present but soils wet for a short period when patchy snow cover and icey permafrost thaws and water flows downslope

surface_weathering:
  Unstable surface due to ablation of ice core; surface rocks mainly subangular to subrounded forming a weakly developed pavement

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/17
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Older granitic boulder beach deposits
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, snow cover sparse and little liquid water available
biological_activity: Small patches of black lichen on some boulders and a few patches of yellow lichen
patterned_ground: Weakly developed small polygons
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 15cm
description:
  a raised flat boulder beach surface on the eastern side of Inexpressible Island, about 3/4km from the coast and 1.5km south of the Scott Expedition snow cave site;

geological_setting:
  Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrop widely in the region; horizontal raised beach surfaces are a common feature on Inexpressible Island with beach deposits at various levels comprising mainly larger granitic boulders on terrace risers and smaller granitic boulders on beach terrace tread surfaces

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders mostly rounded to well rounded; some with distinct surface oxide staining; some surface granular disintegration

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/19
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Mainly granitic bouldery till reworked by patterned ground processes
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous, snow cover sparse and little liquid water available
biological_activity: Some yellow and black lichen on a few boulders
patterned_ground: Well developed small (1.5m) nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 18cm
description:
  A small basin approximately 1.5km southeast of the highest point on Inexpressible Island; sampled from a very bouldery surface with small (1.5m) patterned ground nets, near the centre of polygon

geological_setting:
  The surface materials on the higher slopes of Inexpressible Island are mainly tills from Granite Harbour Intrusives, which occur extensively in the region, but the occasional presence of other rocks such as metasedimentary basement rocks and rare dolerite suggest the tills have originated from higher up the Priestley Glacier

surface_weathering:
  Angular and subangular surface boulders, some with distinct light oxide staining; well developed exfoliation on some boulders

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/19
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
biological_activity: Algae in nearby lake
patterned_ground: Large polygonal nets with shallow troughs
surface_weathering: Mainly unstained subangular to angular surface boulders up to 1.5m long
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 20cm
description:
  A small basin approximately 1.5km southeast of the highest point on Inexpressible Island and near a small frozen lake; the surface is approximately 1.5m above the lake

geological_setting:
  The surface materials on the higher slopes of Inexpressible Island are mainly bouldery tills from Granite Harbour Intrusives, which occur extensively in the region; small glacially scoured basins have accumulated some finer textured materials on the basin floors

soil_parent_matterial:
  Granitic till reworked by patterned ground and fluvial (lake floor?) processes, possibly with small accumulations of finer wind blown material

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous, little liquid water available at present but the soil is probably saturated when summer thaw occurs

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/19
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS LScp
field_samples: Yes
description: Near the highest point on Inexpressible Island on an undulating broad flattish ridge surface
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 2o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery till, mainly granitic
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous; small scattered snow patches; little liquid water available
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Large weakly developed polygonal nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
geological_setting:
  The surface materials on the higher slopes of Inexpressible Island are mainly tills from Granite Harbour Intrusives, which occur extensively in the region; sandstone, metasedimentary and dolerite rocks within the tills suggest that it has originated from the Priestley Glacier

surface_weathering:
  Some surface oxide staining on boulders; many boulders unstained and showing abrasion on upwind sides; some exfoliation; most boulders subangular to angular

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Biological sample
observation_date: 1964/11/20
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: Cs Lscp
field_samples: NotAv
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 2o
geological_setting: The surface is part of a well defined series of coastal raised beaches
soil_parent_matterial: Old beach gravels
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous; small scattered snow patches; little liquid water available
biological_activity: Moss patches and yellow and black lichen on rocks
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Rounded boulders
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A raised beach surface at the south end of the cove in which the Scott snow cave site was located, approximately 200m from the coast


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/21
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W and CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery granitic beach gravels
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous; small scattered snow patches; little liquid water available
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed nets with shallow (15cm) troughs
surface_weathering: Boulders cobbles and pebbles rounded and unstained; some surface granular disintegration
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A raised bouldery beach surface on the northeast coast of Inexpressible Island alongside Evans Cove, approximately 75m from the coast

geological_setting:
  A well defined series of raised beaches occur on the northeast and eastern coasts of Inexpressible Island; some of the surfaces are continuous and appear to mark progressive relative sea level changes while others are geomorphically disjunctive


reason: soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/21
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Lake bed sediment
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
biological_activity: Some dried algal accumulations around the edge of the depression
patterned_ground: Very weak initial development of small nets
surface_weathering: Subdued surface; pebbles coated with silty fines
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 18cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  The floor of a small depression and site of a former small frozen lake, on a low undulating surface approximately 1km form the NE coast of Inexpressible Island

geological_setting:
  Some depressions on land below about 45m above sea level are occupied by small frozen lakes, others are dry but mark the sites of former small lakes

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous; no liquid water present but the site may become wet with surface water ponding in some years when precipitation or thawing are greater


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/21
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery beach gravels derived from dominantly granitic rocks (Granite Harbour Intrusives)
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous; no liquid water present and little local snow cover
biological_activity: A few small patches of moss; some lichen on boulders
patterned_ground: Weakly developed medium nets with borders marked by large boulders
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 23cm
description:
  A flattish raised beach surface, about 1km southwest of Evans Cove, midway between a small relict boulder bank and a 5m high boulder beach of the next highest surface

geological_setting:
  A well defined series of raised beaches occur on the northeast and eastern coasts of Inexpressible Island up to about 45m above sea level; some surfaces are well demarcated by the presence of rounded boulders but where there has been active patterned ground movement, demarcation on lithological characteristics is less clear

surface_weathering:
  Subrounded exfoliating surface boulders; some slight surface staining; crumbling of some coarser textured granites

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/21
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous; no liquid water present and little local snow cover
biological_activity: Small patches of black and yellow lichen on rocks and some small moss patches
patterned_ground: Moderately developed medium nets 3-8m across
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 23cm
description:
  A gently sloping raised beach surface, the highest identified, forming a distinct terrace about 40m wide; about 1km SE of Evans Cove

geological_setting:
  A well defined series of raised beaches occur on the northeast and eastern coasts of Inexpressible Island up to about 45m above sea level; some surfaces are well demarcated by the presence of rounded boulders but where there has been active patterned ground movement, demarcation on lithological characteristics is less clear

soil_parent_matterial:
  Bouldery beach gravels derived from dominantly granitic rocks (Granite Harbour Intrusives) partly reworked by patterned ground movement

surface_weathering:
  Most surface boulders and cobbles subrounded with a noticeable light surface staining, some slight exfoliation

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Ssoil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/21
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 2o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till reworked by patterned ground processes
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous; no liquid water present and little local snow cover
biological_activity: Few small patches of yellow and black lichen
patterned_ground: Weakly developed small to medium (2-5m) nets with borders marked by boulder accumulations
surface_weathering: Cobbles and boulders mainly subangular and unstained
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 20cm
description:
  An undulating uneven very bouldery moraine surface about 1.5km SE of Evans Cove; the surface has been reworked by patterned ground/soliflual processes with finer sized soil material appearing to have flowed around very large boulders; the site is a pocket of finer till amongst large boulders

geological_setting:
  The surface materials are bouldery tills derived principally from rocks of the Granite Harbour Intrusives; large boulders have been split and separated indicating regolith reworking by patterned ground processes

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/22
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous; no liquid water but some small residual snow patches present
biological_activity: Some yellow and black lichen on boulders
patterned_ground: Weakly developed nets with poorly demarcated borders
surface_weathering: Surface boulders and cobbles mainly subangular to subrounded; some fracturing and wind abrasion
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 20cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On a broad, gently sloping moraine ridge surface on the northeast side of Inexpressible Island, about 1km from the coast; on a patterned ground surface midway between the centre and edge of a polygon

geological_setting:
  The surface materials are bouldery tills derived principally from rocks of the Granite Harbour Intrusives; sorting within the upper regolith by patterned ground processes is less obvious than in soil 52


reason: soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/11/22
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: Near the top of a broad gently sloping ridge at the northern end of Inexpressible Island
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery till from granitic and metasedimentary rocks
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous; no liquid water or snow present
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Some small (2m) nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 15cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
geological_setting:
  The surface materials are bouldery tills derived principally from rocks of the Granite Harbour Intrusives but metasedimentary rocks and occasional dolerite are more common than at lower altitudes and suggest a different phase of glacial deposition

surface_weathering:
  Staining on surface boulders is distinct; boulders show slight to moderate cavernous weathering, exfoliation and granular disintegration


reason: Soil crust examination, single sample
observation_date: 1964/12/01
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 25o
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous; numerous snow patches but no thawing
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  NE facing slope, about 15m above glacier level, on a scree slope on the lower slopes of ridge, 2km NNW of Mt.Kenyon

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite sills outcrop with Beacon Group sediments, these rocks forming the main components of the tills which mantle most of the lower slopes

soil_parent_matterial:
  Mainly dolerite and some fine grained sedimentary rocks with some addition of aeolian sediment (snow loess)

surface_weathering:
  Subrounded to subangular dolerite cobbles and pebbles with moderate surface staining; accumulated fine material forming a surface crust


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/01
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & LScp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 20o
soil_parent_matterial: Stony till comprising mainly dolerite and some fine grained sedimentary rocks
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous; numerous snow patches but no thawing
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 38 cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  NE facing slope, about 30m above glacier level, on a scree slope on the lower slopes of ridge, 2km NNW of Mt.Kenyon

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite sills outcrop with Beacon Group sediments, these rocks forming the main components of the tills which mantle most of the lower slopes; surface features suggest there may have been some slight solifluction movement

patterned_ground:
  Weakly developed nets with 20cm troughs; some contraction cracks in profile pits are without surface expression

surface_weathering:
  Subrounded to subangular dolerite cobbles and pebbles with moderate surface staining; some small salt patches beneath surface stones


reason: Examination of salts
observation_date: 1964/12/01
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 6o
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous
biological_activity: Not observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Salt precipitation
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On a ridge surface north of Mt. Kenyon at an outcrop of light coloured shale from Beacon Group sediments

geological_setting:
  Beacon Group sediments outcrop between dolerite sills; the sediments vary greatly and range from sandstones, shales quartzites and coal measures


reason: Fine fraction examination
observation_date: 1964/12/01
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_parent_matterial: Fragmented bedrock and aeolian fines
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous;
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Some small solifluction terracettes
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On a narrow ridge with dolerite/Beacon Group outcrops between the Shackleton and McGregor Glaciers near Mt. Kenyon;

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite sills outcrop with Beacon Group sediments, patches of disaggregated bedrock have accumulations of fine loess-like material


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/01
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 6o
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated dolerite bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous;
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Well stained surfaces on dolerite
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 10
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On a narrow ridge between the Shackleton and McGregor Glaciers near Mt. Kenyon; a dolerite outcrop on the upper ridge slopes

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite sills outcrop along ridges; on higher surfaces, outcrops are strongly jointed through weathering and rock surfaces and fragmental material has a weathered appearance


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/01
authors: IBC, GGC
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 10o
soil_parent_matterial: Black graphitic shale
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous;
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On the valley side to the north of Mt. Kenyon on a talus slope at an outcrop of Beacon Group sediments

geological_setting:
  Beacon Group sediments range from quartzites to carboniferous shales; in places the shales are altered and are graphitic


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/02
authors: IBC, GGC
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Young silty gravel ablation till
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous;
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: A rectangular net pattern with shallow (<10cm) cracks
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant glacier ice
frozen_comment: 5cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  At the head of La Prade Valley, to the east of Shenk Pk. on the lower valley slope, just above the glacier;

geological_setting:
  A thin veneer of ablation till overlies stagnant ice; the till is derived from local dolerites and Beacon Group sediments


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/02
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 13o
soil_parent_matterial: Valley head slope detritus from Beacon Group sediments and dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous; numerous small scattered snow patches but no thawing observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed hummocky solifluction surface and shallow patterned ground cracks
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 15cm
description:
  A broad valley head slope at the head of La Prade Valley, 3 km SE of Shenk Pk.; a smooth concave surface with scattered low relief Beacon Group outcrops

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite and Beacon Group sediments outcrop principally on surrounding ridges; valley slopes are extensively mantled with a shallow deposit of talus/slope detritus over bedrock; on warmer slopes, some minor solifluct reworking of deposits has occurred

surface_weathering:
  A stable surface lag of mainly dolerite pebbles and scattered boulders; some larger stones showing distinct cleaving, separation and rounding; some surface stones well stained with some polish; salts beneath some surface stones

processing_notes:
  Long text site description information scraped from HTML files, IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/02
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Frost weathered dolerite bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous; abundant snow patches but no thawing observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Hummocky surface with poorly defined small nets
surface_weathering: Surface boulders very strongly stained and subrounded to rounded
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 5
frozen_comment: Not determined
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  The edge of the Polar Plateau at the head of La Prade Valley, 5km SE of Shenk Pk.; an undulating convex dolerite felsenmeer surface

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite which occurs extensively as sills forms erosion resistant caps on many hills; on low relief surfaces, bedrock has been fractured by frost action to form a rubble layer or felsenmeer


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/02
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 15o
soil_parent_matterial: Yellow weathered sandstone with a surface crust
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous; abundant snow patches but no thawing observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Near the edge of the Polar Plateau at the head of La Prade Valley, 4km SE of Shenk Pk.; an easy sloping Beacon sediment outcrop surface

geological_setting:
  Beacon Group sediments, mainly sandstones outcrop widely but seldom have accumulations of weathered materials or soils


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&WPro,Lscp &CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery dolerite ablation till
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous; few small scattered snow pockets but no melting observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed pattern of finer textured till in <1m nets surrounded by very coarse material
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_type: Stagnant ice
frozen_comment: 30
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Northern end of the Cumulus Hills, 1.5km SSW of Shenk Pk. near the centre of a very bouldery ice cored rock glacier surface; profile described from an accumulation of fine material amongst boulders

geological_setting:
  A mantle of very coarse bouldery (dolerite) till overlies the upper surface of a stagnant alpine glacier; concentric lines in the till suggest that there may have been surface transport

surface_weathering:
  Angular surface boulders mostly with a fresh appearance but some have stained patches and encrustations of white carbonate along joints


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 25o
soil_parent_matterial: Loose bouldery till from dolerite and sedimentary rocks
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: xerous; few small scattered snow pockets but no melting observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 40cm
description:
  Northern end of the Cumulus Hills, 1.5km SSE of Shenk Pk. on lateral moraine mounds on a hill slope alongside a stagnant rock-covered alpine glacier

geological_setting:
  The till forms the middle of three deposits representing three retreat stages of a local alpine type glacier, the youngest being the most extensive; the larger clasts in the till are mainly dolerite but the finer fractions are probably from Beacon Group sediments

surface_weathering:
  Boulders predominantly angular to subangular but with slight rounding on edges; mainly weak but distinct surface staining

processing_notes:
  Long text site description information scraped from HTML files, IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&WPro&Lscp &CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 25o
soil_parent_matterial: Loose bouldery till from dolerite and sedimentary rocks
soil_climate_zone: central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous; few small scattered snow pockets but no melting observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
description:
  Northern end of the Cumulus Hills, 1.5km SSE of Shenk Pk. on lateral moraine mounds on a hill slope alongside a stagnant rock-covered alpine glacier; the site is on the oldest moraine ridge

geological_setting:
  The till forms the outer of three deposits representing three retreat stages of a local alpine type glacier, the youngest being the most extensive; the larger clasts in the till are mainly dolerite but the finer fractions are probably from Beacon Group sediments

surface_weathering:
  Boulders predominantly angular to subangular but with slight rounding on edges; mainly weak but distinct surface staining; some slight pitting on flat surfaces of dolerite boulders

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/04
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 10o
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous; few small scattered snow pockets in patterned ground troughs but no melting observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Well developed pattern of 5-10m nets but with subdued surface expression
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 20cm
description:
  On hill slopes on the south side of McGregor Glacier, at Rougier Hill; in a small hanging valley containing two sets of moraines part way up the valley; the site is on a down-valley ridge of moraine

geological_setting:
  The moraine at this site forms a small ridge across the narrow valley and is from till derived from dolerite, Beacon Group sediments and possibly some granite; it appears from it's geomorphic position that it may have been deposited by an expanded McGregor Glacier which entered local valleys

soil_parent_matterial:
  Till derived mainly from dolerite and Beacon Group sedimentary rocks, possibly with some granitic material

surface_weathering:
  Some sorting of surface materials by wind; surface boulders with distinct surface staining, some exfoliation and partly rounded

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/04
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_comment: 50
soil_parent_matterial: Till derived mainly from dolerite and Beacon Group sedimentary rocks
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Well developed 5-10m polygonal nets with 50-75cm troughs
surface_weathering: Surface cobbles and boulders are mainly unstained and subangular to angular
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 18cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On hill slopes on the south side of McGregor Glacier, at Rougier Hill; in a small hanging valley containing two sets of moraines part way up the valley; the site is on an alpine glacier moraine remnant just south of site 69 on a slightly lower surface

geological_setting:
  The moraine at this site forms a tongue on the floor of a narrow valley as a result of retreat of a local alpine glacier; the till is locally derived from dolerite and Beacon Group sediments and is younger than that on which soil 69 is formed

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous; snow filling most patterned ground depressions and some frozen water accumulations in a few small hollows


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/04
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite with some sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous; occasional small snow patches but no thawing observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Moderately developed; some mounds possibly ice cored
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  On a prominent remnant bench to the SE of Rougier Hill; the surface has undulating low outcrops of Beacon Group sediments with little regolith cover; dolerite also outcrops in low relief and near the edge of the surrounding escarpment, outcrops are sculptured; where dolerite occurs, a bouldery regolith, possibly felsenmeer, is present

geological_setting:
  Dolerite and Beacon Group sediments outcrop over the surface but surficial deposits are scarce; regolith materials may be bedrock largely fragmented by frost action but some sandstone erratic amongst the dolerite suggest some glacial movement of materials; the surface is old as indicated by weathering features

surface_weathering:
  Some wind sorting of surface materials; surface rocks are strongly stained, partly rounded and there is some pitting on dolerite boulders; dolerite bedrock has been sculptured to penitent forms; salts occur beneath some surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/06
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 7o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite and sandstone till with much loose sandy/silty fine material
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen over hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 70cm
description:
  Crilly Hill on the North side of McGregor Glacier; on the upper part and West side of a broad convex sloping till covered ridge

geological_setting:
  Low hills on the North side of McGregor Glacier are mainly Beacon Group rocks covered with bouldery dolerite and sandstone till

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous; some extensive snow patches; 2cm of recent snow covers the soil and profile surface but only slight thawing and moistening of the soil surface had occurred in places

surface_weathering:
  A distinct pavement comprising rounded, stained and exfoliating dolerite cobbles is formed; moderately ventiform; surface stability is indicated by parts of boulders above ground surface showing distinct weathering and rounding while parts below are angular and fresh

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/06
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 7o
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Crilly Hill on the North side of McGregor Glacier; on the upper part and West side of a broad convex sloping till covered ridge

geological_setting:
  Low hills on the North side of McGregor Glacier are mainly Beacon Group rocks covered with bouldery dolerite and sandstone till

soil_parent_matterial:
  Dolerite and sandstone till with much loose sandy/silty fine material; in a few small patches, the soil has a much redder colour than in the upper horizon of soil 73, possibly containing more dolerite?

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous; some extensive snow patches; 2cm of recent snow covers the soil and profile surface but only slight thawing and moistening of the soil surface had occurred in places

surface_weathering:
  A distinct pavement comprising rounded, stained and exfoliating dolerite cobbles is formed; in places, the surface horizons of the soil have a redder hue


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/06
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 7o
soil_parent_matterial: Thin doleritic till over black shale
soil_climate_zone: central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous; some extensive snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Crilly Hill on the North side of McGregor Glacier; on the upper part and West side of a broad convex sloping till covered ridge

geological_setting:
  Low hills on the North side of McGregor Glacier are mainly Beacon Group rocks covered with bouldery dolerite and sandstone till; occurrences of blackish soil are possibly related to outcrops of black shale


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/07
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Not sampled
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery sandy/silty till from dolerite and sedimentary rocks; may include some granite
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen over stagnant glacial ice
frozen_comment: 84cm
description:
  About 2 km south of Matador Mountain on an extensive till plain; on a slight terrace, a few m above the lowermost till surface

geological_setting:
  Swithinbank Moraine comprises an extensive area of ablation till, between Matador Mountain and the Bennett Platform and is derived from a stranded part of the McGregor Glacier; the tills are largely ice cored and comprise mainly dolerite (coarse materials) and Beacon Group sediments (fine fractions)

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous; recent snow fall with extensive thin (2cm) cover of snow; minor moistening of the soil surface in places

surface_weathering:
  Distinct rounding and staining of surface boulders but non pitted; some exfoliation and polish; a surface crust formed in places due to occasional soil moistening; a distinct salt horizon on higher surfaces

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Aeolian deposit and weathered rock material
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous, intermittent snow cover but no thawing observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 5
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_comment: 10cm
description:
  The crest of a hill at Wiest Bluff, a rounded convex surface with no cover material; sample collected from crevasses in dolerite rock

geological_setting:
  Dolerite outcrops widely in an undulating ice overridden landscape; cover deposits are patchy varying from bouldery felsenmeer regolith to intermittent till patches; surface age is variable owing to remnant snow fields which behave as local nevee glaciers

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: A small patch of fine textured yellow coloured drift
soil_climate_zone: inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous, intermittent snow cover but no thawing observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Ice cored moraine with low (<1m) mounds, in places forming low ridges
surface_weathering: Some exfoliation of surface boulders but may be preweathering
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_type: Stagnant ice
description:
  On an undulating surface, a little below (60m) and just east of Wiest Bluff on a young ice-cored till surface

geological_setting:
  Dolerite outcrops widely in an undulating ice overridden landscape; cover deposits are patchy varying from bouldery felsenmeer regolith to intermittent till patches; surface age is variable owing to remnant snow fields which behave as local nevee glaciers; the drift mantle is young but may include previously weathered materials

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Gravelly till including weathered dolerite (alongside site 77)
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous, intermittent snow cover and adjacent snow patch but no thawing observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Ice cored moraine with low (<1m) mounds, in places forming low ridges
surface_weathering: Mainly subangular weakly and moderately stained dolerite boulders with slight surface exfoliation
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant glacial ice
frozen_comment: 25cm
description:
  Approximately 1.5km east of Wiest Bluff on an uneven ice- cored till surface; on the side of a patterned ground mound

geological_setting:
  Dolerite outcrops widely in an undulating ice overridden landscape; cover deposits are patchy varying from bouldery felsenmeer regolith to intermittent till patches; surface age is variable owing to remnant snow fields which behave as local nevee glaciers possibly reworking older surface deposits; the drift mantle is young

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Prof
field_samples: Yes
description: Approximately 1.5km ENE on the upper convex surface of a broad moraine ridge
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 7o
soil_parent_matterial: Doleritic fine textured slightly compact till
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous, intermittent snow cover and adjacent snow patch but no thawing observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen over hard ice cemented
frozen_comment: 45cm
geological_setting:
  Cover deposits are patchy, varying from bouldery felsenmeer regolith to intermittent till patches; surface age is variable owing to remnant snow fields which behave as local nevee glaciers possibly reworking older surface deposits; weathered soil overlies unweathered soil but it is not clear if the soil stratigraphy is due to weathering or reworking

surface_weathering:
  Surface dolerite cobbles and boulders are moderately and weakly stained, subrounded to subangular, non-pitted but have moderate exfoliation

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 2o
soil_parent_matterial: Doleritic till
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous, no adjacent snow cover
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant old glacial ice
frozen_comment: 90cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Approximately 1.5km NE of Wiest Bluff, on a smooth non bouldery surface forming the lower part of a gently concave surface

geological_setting:
  Cover deposits are patchy, varying from bouldery felsenmeer regolith to intermittent till; surface features suggest that the till at this site may be somewhat older than on adjacent surfaces

patterned_ground:
  Poorly developed large nets with boulders at edges, but a superimposed pattern of smaller less distinctive nets (c 2m)

surface_weathering:
  A distinct pebble/cobble pavement comprising stained, moderately polished, subrounded rocks; weak ventifaction


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 12o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery dolerite till
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous, isolated small (<1m) patches of snow mainly behind larger boulders
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: 10m domed nets with 50cm deep border troughs
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Approximately 2 km ENE of Wiest Bluff, on the upper slopes of a very broad bouldery convex sloping ridge; at the centre of a polygon

geological_setting:
  Cover deposits are patchy, varying from bouldery felsenmeer regolith to intermittent till; at this site, bouldery dolerite, comprising mainly angular flaggy clasts covers the surface

surface_weathering:
  Boulders are mainly subangular and flaggy with only slight rounding on corners; weak to moderate surface staining with no pitting or exfoliation; salts beneath surface stones


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 2o
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous, isolated small (<1m) patches of snow mainly behind larger boulders
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: 10m domed nets with 50cm deep border troughs
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
description:
  Approximately 2 km ENE of Wiest Bluff, on the upper slopes of a very broad bouldery convex sloping ridge;

geological_setting:
  Cover deposits are patchy, varying from bouldery felsenmeer regolith to intermittent till; at this site, bouldery dolerite till comprising mainly angular flaggy clasts, covers the surface

soil_parent_matterial:
  Brown patches of doleritic soil with salt accumulations, beneath surface stones and in some cracks between surface rocks

surface_weathering:
  Boulders are mainly subangular and flaggy with only slight rounding on corners; weak to moderate surface staining with no pitting or exfoliation; salts beneath surface stones; some accumulations of browner coloured soil material occur beneath some surface stones and in some cracks between surface rocks

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/12
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous, some patches of drift snow mainly behind larger boulders but no thawing
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  A rough uneven very bouldery young surface at the north of Roberts Massif near Everett Nunatak, about 200m from the edge of a tongue of glacial ice; boulders up to 3m across

geological_setting:
  Dolerite and Beacon Group sediments outcrop on overridden surfaces while deposits of old lithified till containing Ferrar Dolerite also occur; the older lithified till may be Sirius Formation; the landscape is old but geomorphic development is complicated by the movement and retreat of ice from several directions

soil_parent_matterial:
  Till derived from dolerite, Beacon Group sediments, reworked older lithified till and some granitic material

surface_weathering:
  Mainly unstained subangular dolerite boulders but some large rounded tillite boulders; some minor exfoliation; smaller granules and pebbles at the surface may have been wind transported; some darker coloured dolerite boulders may have been reworked

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/12
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: A young surface at the north of Roberts Massif near Everett Nunatak
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Pale greyish white disaggregated older lithified till
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous, some patches of drift snow mainly behind larger boulders but no thawing
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Pockets of disaggregated older till are present where the surface is protected from erosion by wind
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
geological_setting:
  Dolerite and Beacon Group sediments outcrop on overridden surfaces while deposits of old lithified till containing Ferrar Dolerite also occur; the older lithified till may be Sirius Formation, considered to be related to the onset of glaciation in Antarctica in Oligocene or Miocene times;

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/12
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Prof & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: Shallow doleritic till
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; surface devoid of snow cover
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  On a broad undulating slightly concave surface on the north slopes of Roberts Massif, about 2km south of a small ice tongue, just south of Everett Nunatak,

geological_setting:
  Till occurs extensively on the lower slopes of Roberts Massif forming mainly shallow deposits over dolerite, Beacon Group sediments and tillite which outcrop in places; the younger unconsolidated tills increase in age away from the ice front and in places form distinctive ridges or loops 1-2m high that mark pauses in ice recession

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are rounded on edges; moderately stained and show only slight exfoliation; between boulders, a pebble pavement is moderately developed; salts are extensive beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/13
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Doleritic till
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; surface devoid of snow cover
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 5
frozen_type: Dry frozen
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  A narrow (40m) stable sloping ridge surface, 7.5km ESE of Misery Pk with predominantly dolerite rock outcrop but with pockets of drift or regolith material

geological_setting:
  The higher surfaces at Roberts Massif comprise mainly dolerite outcrops with patches of drift materials; surface age appears to increase with increasing elevation and sculptured dolerite occurs on uppermost surfaces

surface_weathering:
  A stable, smooth, sloping surface with a moderately developed pebble/cobble pavement and very few upstanding clasts; surface rocks strongly stained, tabular/subrounded and occasionally ventiform


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/13
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Fragmental dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; some snow patches but no thawing
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 6
frozen_type: Dry frozen
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  A broad, flattish, wind sculptured ridge top, about 6km ESE of Misery Pk at Roberts Massif; basement dolerite is sculptured into gargoyle- like forms and fragmental exfoliated material occurs in pockets

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite occurs extensively as sills and forms erosion resistant caps on many hills; on high ridges, chemical weathering, exfoliation and wind abrasion has lowered the surface leaving upstanding dolerite sculptures

surface_weathering:
  Sculptured dolerite in gargoyle-like forms, up to 1m high; strongly stained and exfoliating rock surfaces; mainly fine gravelly between rock outcrops


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/13
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite drift
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; some snow patches but no thawing
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 6
frozen_type: Dry frozen
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  A broad, gently sloping, smooth and slightly concave surface a little below the main ridge, about 6km ESE of Misery Pk at Roberts Massif

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite occurs extensively as sills and forms erosion resistant caps on many hills and ridges; below the main ridge thin accumulations of dolerite drift are present

surface_weathering:
  Moderately developed interlocked pebble pavement with no upstanding clasts; moderately developed surface polish and moderate rounding, minor ridging may be wind ripples


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/14
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Loose bouldery till derived mainly from dolerite, overlying grey older till
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; no snow
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  An undulating surface on the lower altitude basin-like surfaces of Roberts Massif, approximately 13km E of Misery Pk.; on the upper slope of a low convex moraine ridge

geological_setting:
  Lower altitude surfaces at Roberts Massif have deposits of old till of the Sirius Formation while Ferrar Dolerite forms low hills or roche moutonnees; overlying these is an intermittent cover of young, mainly doleritic till; the till sheet shows the retreat of ice by distinct moraine ridges, a meter or so high with soil differences on successive retreat surfaces

surface_weathering:
  Dolerite boulders subrounded to subangular and wind abraded, many with venticular form; moderate to strong surface staining and wind polish

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/14
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_parent_matterial: Loose bouldery till derived mainly from dolerite, overlying grey older till
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; no snow
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  An undulating surface on the lower altitude basin-like surfaces of Roberts Massif, approximately 13.5km E of Misery Pk.; a stony higher level till surface

geological_setting:
  Lower altitude surfaces at Roberts Massif have deposits of old till of the Sirius Formation while Ferrar Dolerite forms low hills or roche moutonnees; overlying these is an intermittent cover of young, mainly doleritic till; the till sheet shows the retreat of ice by distinct moraine ridges, the site is one of the older retreat surfaces

surface_weathering:
  Cobbles and boulders are partly rounded and are more distinctly stained than on younger surfaces; dark aphanite rocks are well polished

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/15
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Prof
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Thin dolerite drift over sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; no snow
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed polygons on flattish sites
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 5
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  On the upper northwest slopes above the lower lying Roberts Massif basin; a high bench formed by Beacon group sediments with a thin cover of drift material; a flat smooth surface

geological_setting:
  Beacon group sediments outcrop in a few places but dolerite is the predominant rock type in the area; in places, the sediments are argillised and altered by dolerite intrusion; where dolerite drift material is present, a soil cover has formed; where no dolerite drift is present, sandstone rock outcrops

surface_weathering:
  Dolerite surface pebbles and boulders are strongly stained, well rounded and distinctly ventiform; some cavernous weathering (pitting) is present on upper surfaces of clasts

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Prof
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite till with some Beacon Group sedimentary material
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; no snow
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  On the lower slopes near the south of the basin like surface at Roberts Massif; glacial surfaces formed following retreat of a tongue of polar ice; a strongly rolling to hilly surface with moraine loops marking retreat stages; site is 4m N of a bouldery moraine loop on a smooth gentle slope

geological_setting:
  Younger till overlies older till, and dolerite on the lower surfaces at Roberts Massif; north of the ice tongue at Grass Bluff, the till forms a series of retreat surfaces marked by bouldery moraine loops, about 2m high

surface_weathering:
  Dolerite boulders in moraine loop are mainly subangular and moderately stained; pebbles forming a surface pavement are moderately stained, subangular to sub rounded with polish on some clasts; salts beneath some surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Prof
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite till with some Beacon Group sedimentary material and older till material
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; no snow
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  On the lower slopes near the south of the basin like surface at Roberts Massif; glacial surfaces formed following retreat of a tongue of polar ice; a strongly rolling to hilly surface with moraine loops marking retreat stages; the site is on the crest of a broad moraine loop ridge

geological_setting:
  Younger till overlies older till, and dolerite on the lower surfaces at Roberts Massif; north of the ice tongue at Grass Bluff, the till forms a series of retreat surfaces marked by bouldery moraine loops, younger surfaces have a less weathered appearance

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are predominantly subangular and there is little pavement development; surface staining weak to moderate

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W, CS Prof & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite till with some Beacon Group sedimentary material and older till material
soil_climate_zone: Inland mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; no snow
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  On the lower slopes near the south of the basin like surface at Roberts Massif; the landscape unit comprises an extensive glacial retreat surface, formed following retreat of a tongue of polar ice; a strongly rolling to hilly surface with moraine loops marking retreat stages; the site is a convex upper slope on the west side of a broad moraine loop ridge

geological_setting:
  Young till overlies older till, and dolerite on the lower surfaces at Roberts Massif; north of the ice tongue at Grass Bluff, the till forms a series of retreat surfaces marked by bouldery moraine loops; the surface represents the latest stage of polar ice retreat

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are mainly subangular with weak superficial staining; insignificant pavement development

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/17
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_parent_matterial: Young till from sedimentary rocks, granite and dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; some water flowing in a nearby small stream
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Bouldery surface with little staining or weathering; no surface crust
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  A low till covered surface close to a small stream and a nearby meltwater lake alongside the Mincey Glacier

geological_setting:
  In the lower half of the Shackleton Valley, granites of the Granite Harbour Intrusives occur and tills are more varied in composition with Beacon Group sediments, dolerite and granite being the main components; the tills are young; because the climate is warmer, small streams and meltwater pools are present

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/17
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: A small basin formed in dolerite approximately 6km ESE of Mt Butters, just north of Mincey Glacier
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: o0
soil_parent_matterial: Till from dolerite and granitic rocks
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the soils are moist in places
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Not observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: NoObs
frozen_type: NoObs
frozen_comment: NoObs
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
geological_setting:
  A small glacially formed basin cut in dolerite with till on lower surfaces from a mixture of dolerite and granitic material

surface_weathering:
  Some weak surface oxidation; some small salt patches below larger surface stones; a surface crust has formed due to periodic soil wetting


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/24
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated weathering granite
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
description:
  Approx 5km NE of Bastion Hill; a sloping bouldery till surface with large 2-4m cavernously weathered granite boulders; soil sample collected from fine material from a cavern in a granite boulder

geological_setting:
  Granites and granodiorite rocks from the Granite Harbour Intrusives are extensive and form the dominant component of the tills; Ferrar Dolerite which occurs in sills within the basement rocks occurs in lesser amounts; till deposited from retreating local glaciers is less extensive on lower slopes

surface_weathering:
  very bouldery surface; granite boulders (2-4m) subrounded with moderately stained surfaces and well developed cavernous weathering; occasional dolerite boulders, moderately stained

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Salt characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/24
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Nil
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  Approx 4.5km NE of Bastion Hill; the floor of a small narrow depression in an undulating moraine surface; the site is a salty hollow about 10m across distinguished by a surface precipitation of white salts; the soil sample was collected from about a 1/3 of the way across the salty hollow

geological_setting:
  Granites and granodiorite rocks from the Granite Harbour Intrusives are extensive and form the dominant component of the tills; Ferrar Dolerite which occurs in sills within the basement rocks occurs in lesser amounts; till deposited from retreating local glaciers is less extensive on lower slopes

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous; the surface of the soil is dry but water is present a few cm below; water is probably derived from thawing of a nearby snow accumulation

surface_weathering:
  101;The salty hollow has a greyer surface than surrounding areas; precipitated salts form a thin discontinuous deposit

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/26
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: No
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Frost disaggregated dolerite regolith
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; a thin discontinuous snow cover was present with some thawing taking place
patterned_ground: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_type: Ice cemented
frozen_comment: 20
description:
  Approx 3.5km N of Bastion Hill; a broad undulating ridge/plateau like surface with outcrops of dolerite and no till

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite intrudes the granite basement as narrow sills and dykes and commonly outcrops on ridges

surface_weathering:
  Dolerite bedrock has fractured to form a bouldery (felsenmeer) surface; a thin fine gravelly exfoliate layer forms the soil surface; a small amount of fine material is present in cracks between boulders; soil colour varies with redder hues under some boulders

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/26
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Frost disaggregated granitic regolith
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 19cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Approx 3.5km N of Bastion Hill, 30m below site of soil 102 on a granite surface; a broad shallow saddle on a broad undulating ridge surface with outcrops of Granite Harbour Intrusives and no till

geological_setting:
  Granite Harbour Intrusives are mainly granites and granodiorites and outcrop intermittently with dolerite

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; a thin discontinuous cover of windblown snow was present with some thawing taking place

surface_weathering:
  Granite upper surfaces are moderately stained and many boulders are cavernously weathered; salt accumulations are present beneath some boulders and cobbles; the fine fraction of the soil appears to be mainly disaggregated and exfoliated granite


reason: Biological characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/27
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: No
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_unit: o
geological_setting: Bouldery till from Granite Harbour Intrusives is widespread on the surface
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the surface is predominantly snow free
biological_activity: Patches of lichen are common on boulders as well as on the soil surface
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  Approx 4.5km SE of Mt Rich and 9km ENE of Bastion Hill on an extensive undulating very bouldery moraine landsurface formed by over-riding and retreat of ice from Diamond Glacier; pockets of fine gravelly till occurring amongst larger granitic boulders have patches of yellow and black lichen on the soil and rock surfaces

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/27
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_unit: o
geological_setting: Bouldery till from Granite Harbour Intrusives is widespread on the surface
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Yellow and black lichens are common on rock surfaces and on the soil in places
patterned_ground: Weakly developed large nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Approx 4.5km SE of Mt Rich and 9km ENE of Bastion Hill on an extensive undulating very bouldery moraine landsurface formed by over- riding and retreat of ice from Diamond Glacier; pockets of fine gravelly till occur amongst larger granitic boulders

soil_parent_matterial:
  Very bouldery till with a dominantly sandy granular pebble matrix, derived from mainly local granodiorite and granite rocks

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the surface is predominantly snow free; some patches of ice in patterned ground cracks

surface_weathering:
  Boulders are mainly subangular to angular, up to 5m across and weakly stained with little exfoliation or cavernous weathering; small salt accumulations occasionally found under some stones


reason: For soil biological examination
observation_date: 1964/12/27
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: No
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
geological_setting: Bouldery till derived from Granite Harbour Intrusives is widespread on the surface
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Lichens are abundant
patterned_ground: Moderately developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Approx 4km S of Mt Rich on an extensive undulating very bouldery moraine land surface formed by over-riding and retreat of ice from Diamond Glacier

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the surface is predominantly snow free; some patches of ice in patterned ground cracks


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/27
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery till with a sandy gravel matrix from granodiorite and granite
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Yellow and black lichens occur commonly
patterned_ground: Extensive moderately developed patterned ground with active troughs containing sand accumulations
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
description:
  Approx 4km S of Mt Rich on an extensive undulating landsurface formed by over-riding and retreat of ice from Diamond Glacier; the surface has extensive patterned ground developed on rolling slopes with best development on lower gully slopes; on sloping ground, the polygon troughs have a high scarp face on the down-slope side and a short scarp face on the up- slope side; in many of the polygons, the surface of the soil has a distinct crust; in the patterned ground cracks, there is a greater amount of sandy material; the sample was collected from a crusty patch near the centre of a polygon

geological_setting:
  Bouldery till from Granite Harbour Intrusives is widespread on a surface that is partly modified by patterned ground movement

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the surface is predominantly snow free; some patches of ice in patterned ground cracks; there are moist patches in the soils in some hollows

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are subangular and weakly stained without cavernous weathering; some scattered salts especially in polygon edges

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Fine fragmental granitic material within a crack in granite bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A steep and narrow, rocky ridge ascending from near the terminus of the Bartrum Glacier to the Bowling Green Plateau; approximately half way up the ridge; a granite outcrop just above a dolerite outcrop

geological_setting:
  Dolerite sills intrude into and alternate with basement Granite Harbour Intrusives and outcrop prominently on ridges; surficial deposits are absent on the ridges but cracks in the rocks contain some weathering products

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the surface is predominantly snow free; a recent light snowfall but this disappeared quickly through ablation

surface_weathering:
  Exposed granite is moderately stained on uppermost surfaces and extruding edges are partly rounded; some cavernous weathering in bedrock


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1964/12/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_unit: o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  A steep and narrow, rocky ridge ascending from near the terminus of the Bartrum Glacier to the Bowling Green Plateau; approximately half way up the ridge; a dolerite outcrop just below a granite outcrop

geological_setting:
  Dolerite sills intrude into and alternate with basement Granite Harbour Intrusives and outcrop prominently on ridges; surficial deposits are absent on the ridges but cracks in the rocks contain some weathering products

soil_parent_matterial:
  Fine fragmental material in dolerite bedrock crack; dom. quartz & feldspar, prob. blown in after abrasion & exfoliation from nearby granite outcrops

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the surface is predominantly snow free; a recent light snowfall but this disappeared quickly through ablation

surface_weathering:
  Exposed granite is moderately stained on uppermost surfaces and extruding edges are partly rounded; some cavernous weathering in bedrock


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/30
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Coarse bouldery granitic till with finer patches
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Yellow and black lichen are present on boulders
patterned_ground: Moderately developed nets 6m across
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 35cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Blank Peaks between the Bartrum and Foggydog Glaciers; on the lower slopes of a small cirque like basin with a sloping very bouldery moraine surface

geological_setting:
  Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrop prominently on ridges with some smaller dolerite caps; surficial till deposits are composed mainly of granite with minor amounts of dolerite;

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the surface is predominantly snow free but some snow occurs in polygon troughs and in small patches on hill slopes; the soil is moist below 10cm

surface_weathering:
  Very bouldery surface with boulders up 6m across; surface staining is moderate and cavernous weathering weakly developed; some surface exfoliation; stone pavement weakly developed


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/30
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: Cs Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery and sandy granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Yellow and black lichen are present on boulders
patterned_ground: Moderately developed nets with domed centres
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Blank Peaks between the Bartrum and Foggydog Glaciers; on the upper slopes of a small cirque like basin with a sloping bouldery moraine surface;

geological_setting:
  Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrop prominently on ridges with some smaller dolerite caps; surficial till deposits on higher slopes may be a little older than on lower slopes;

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the surface is predominantly snow free but some snow occurs on nearby hill slopes; the soil is moist below 10cm

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are moderately stained on upper surfaces; cavernous weathering is weakly developed; occasional small deposits of gypsum on some boulders


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1964/12/31
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the site is dry with available water coming only from occasional snowfalls
biological_activity: Yellow and black lichen are present
patterned_ground: Moderately developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  A moraine filled basin, north of the terminus of the Foggydog Glacier and west of the Bartrum Glacier with a series of distinct moraine loops, formed by the retreat of the two glaciers; the is site flat, on one of the furthermost loops of the Bartrum Glacier and is towards the edge of a polygon

geological_setting:
  Granite Harbour Intrusives and dolerite sills occur widely on surrounding mountains; the till is dominantly granitic with minor dolerite but some schist is present; the till sequence reflects the deposition of moraines in association with retreat of the Foggydog and Bartrum Glaciers

surface_weathering:
  Scattered surface boulders with variable staining, weakest in polygon centres and stronger towards edges; small salt deposits under some stones;

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Salt examination
observation_date: 1964/12/31
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the site is dry with available water coming only from occasional snowfalls
biological_activity: Yellow and black lichen are present
patterned_ground: Moderately developed
surface_weathering: Small salt deposits beneath some surface stones
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
description:
  A moraine filled basin, north of the terminus of the Foggydog Glacier and west of the Bartrum Glacier with a series of distinct moraine loops, formed by the retreat of the two glaciers; the is site flat and on one of the furthermost loops of the Bartrum Glacier

geological_setting:
  Granite Harbour Intrusives and dolerite sills occur widely on surrounding mountains; the till is dominantly granitic with minor dolerite but some schist is present; the till sequence reflects the deposition of moraines in association with retreat of the Foggydog and Bartrum Glaciers

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Biological examination
observation_date: 1964/12/31
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: No
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the site is dry with available water coming only from occasional snowfalls
biological_activity: Scattered small patches of black and yellow lichen
patterned_ground: Moderately developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
description:
  A moraine filled basin, north of the terminus of the Foggydog Glacier and west of the Bartrum Glacier with a series of distinct moraine loops, formed by the retreat of the two glaciers; the is site flat and on one of the furthermost loops of the Bartrum Glacier

geological_setting:
  Granodiorite of the Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrops on low hills mainly on ridges in the glacially scoured landscape; lower slopes are largely veneered with till; the basin floor sediments have probably been partly reworked by water and frost action

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Partly reworked granodioritic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Not present on the basin floor
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >45cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Eastern end of the Brown Hills, near Diamond Hill and approximately 6km E of Diamond Glacier terminus; a small enclosed basin in an undulating glacially scoured landscape; the profile site is on the floor of the basin near the centre

geological_setting:
  Granodiorite of the Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrops on low hills mainly on ridges in the glacially scoured landscape; lower slopes are largely veneered with till; the basin floor sediments have probably been partly reworked by water and frost action

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous; a water table is present in the soils at 42cm; the water is probably derived from thawing of snowpack which covers part of the basin floor

surface_weathering:
  Rock particles are unstained; salt efflorescences are present around the edge of the basin; the surface is a smooth pebble pavement


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Granodioritic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Some black and yellowish lichen on rocks
patterned_ground: Not developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 54cm
description:
  Eastern end of the Brown Hills, near Diamond Hill and approximately 6km E of Diamond Glacier terminus; a small enclosed basin in an undulating glacially scoured landscape; the profile site is on the upper SE slope of the basin on a surface without patterned ground

geological_setting:
  Granodiorite of the Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrops on low hills mainly on ridges in the glacially scoured landscape; lower slopes are largely veneered with till which thins on upper slopes where granodiorite outcrops

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous; the site is dry; light snow was falling at the time of description but was evaporating quickly

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders 30-90cm across and subangular to subrounded with weak staining on upper surfaces but unstained on undersides; few white salt encrustations on undersides of some surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Granodioritic till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Some black and yellowish lichen on rocks
patterned_ground: Well developed rectangular nets up to 20m across and with 50cm troughs and raised borders in places
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  Eastern end of the Brown Hills, near Diamond Hill and approximately 6km E of Diamond Glacier terminus; a small enclosed basin in an undulating glacially scoured landscape; the profile site is on the NW slope of the basin on well developed patterned ground surface

geological_setting:
  Granodiorite of the Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrops on low hills mainly on ridges in the glacially scoured landscape; lower slopes are largely veneered with till which has well developed patterned ground

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous; the site is dry; light snow was falling at the time of description but was evaporating quickly

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders 30-90cm across and subangular to subrounded with weak staining on upper surfaces but unstained on undersides; few white salt encrustations on undersides of some surface stones; some calcium carbonate coatings on stone undersides

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/04
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Largely locally derived disaggregated granodioritic bedrock with minor till drift
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
biological_activity: Patches of black and greenish lichen
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  Eastern end of the Brown Hills, about 2km NE of the top of Diamond Hill, on an uneven, sloping, broad bouldery ridge surface near a dark coloured granodiorite outcrop

geological_setting:
  Granodiorite of the Granite Harbour Intrusives outcrops more extensively on the upper slopes of Diamond Hill with till being more abundant on the lower slopes; there is no obvious till mantle but some dolerite fragments in the soil are indicative of the presence of residual till

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous; some snow patches on ridges and light a light recent snowfall which quickly ablated; the surface 1cm of the soil was slightly moist

patterned_ground:
  Active patterned ground movement with coarser textured more oxidised material in the cracks and finer less stained material near the centres

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are disaggregating by exfoliation; also some cavernous weathering is present; accumulations of salts occur beneath some surface stones; surface rocks are subrounded and moderately stained

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1965/01/06
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
geological_setting: A small exposure of Beacon Group sediments occur above the granite
soil_parent_matterial: An accumulation of disaggregated fine sedimentary rock material over sedimentary rock
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous; some snow patches on ridges and snow was currently falling
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  The southwest end of the Brown Hills on Bastion Hill; an outcrop of Beacon Group rocks on the north side of Bastion Hill


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1965/01/06
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
soil_parent_matterial: Fine accumulation, possibly wind sorted, of doleritic material
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous; some snow patches on ridges and snow was currently falling
biological_activity: Nil observed
surface_weathering: A surface crust formed partly as a result of the accumulation of fine textured material
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  The southwest end of the Brown Hills on Bastion Hill; an outcrop of dolerite on the north side of Bastion Hill

geological_setting:
  A dolerite outcrop on Bastion Hill; detritus derived from disaggregated dolerite in places has a crust of fine textured material


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/07
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
soil_parent_matterial: Young bouldery till from mainly granite and granodiorite with minor dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Coastal mountain
soil_moisture_status: Oceanic subxerous; the soil is dry; a nearby lake is partly thawed and beginning to re-freeze
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Very weakly developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 35cm
description:
  On low moraine in the Brown Hills region, between the Foggydog and Darwin Glaciers and about 1km S of the Foggydog Glacier, approximately 30m from a partially thawed lake and on the SW side; a till covered glacial retreat surface with an uneven very bouldery surface

geological_setting:
  Grounding of the Ross Ice Shelf during the Ross Glaciation and back-flooding of ice into outlet glaciers such as the Darwin caused much of the lower lying land to be covered with ice; subsequent ice retreat has gradually exposed the landscape and deposited tills, particularly on the lower altitude surfaces; the youngest tills and soils are closest to the glacier

surface_weathering:
  Boulders up to 3m across with many about .3m; mostly subangular to angular with weak oxidation staining on some granites and occasional strong staining on some; a weakly developed surface pavement

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Salts determination
observation_date: 1965/01/14
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Young till, probably reworked by lake level changes
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil at site but strong nearby
surface_weathering: Surface encrustations of salts
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  Approximately 300m E of Webb Lake; on the valley floor on a young moraine surface; the topography is hummocky with numerous small hollows and on the slopes immediately above the floor of the hollows salts are precipitated; this sample collected on the surface above the floor of the hollow

geological_setting:
  Webb Glacier in the upper Barwick Valley has retreated and left a series of till deposits and moraine surfaces of differing ages; on the younger landscapes there is some reworking of till deposits through ablation processes with water and salt accumulations in some hollows

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the soils are moist in a nearby hollow and some melt pools and lake thaw occurs

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Salts determination
observation_date: 1965/01/14
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Young till, probably reworked by lake level changes
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the soils are moist in hollows and some melt pools and lake thaw occurs
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil at site but strong nearby
surface_weathering: White surface efflorescences of salts
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  Approximately 300m E of Webb Lake; on the valley floor on a young moraine surface; the topography is hummocky with numerous small hollows and on the slopes immediately above the floor of the hollows salts are precipitated; this sample was collected from a deposit of white salts on the floor of a hollow

geological_setting:
  Webb Glacier in the upper Barwick Valley has retreated and left a series of till deposits and moraine surfaces of differing ages; on the younger landscapes there is some reworking of till deposits through ablation processes with water and salt accumulations in some hollows

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/14
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: Young till (Packard Drift) from dolerite, sandstone and granitic rocks;
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Hummocky terrain is probably related to ablation and patterned ground formation
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 43cm
description:
  Approximately .4km SE of Webb Lake; on the valley floor on a young moraine surface; the topography is hummocky with a distinct knob and kettle topography; the site is just below the crest of a small knoll

geological_setting:
  Webb Glacier in the upper Barwick Valley has retreated and left a series of till deposits and moraine surfaces of differing ages; the site is on moraines mapped by Calkin as Packard Drift (youngest); the main rock types in the area are dolerite, granite, granodiorite and Beacon Group sediments and the tills have these rocks in them; the dry valleys have a complex glacial history with interacting Alpine, Ross Ice Shelf and Polar Ice Sheet glaciers

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the site is dry and not subject to seepage; soil moisture only from periodic snowfall

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders up to 1m but mostly much smaller; mainly subangular; no cavernous weathering or exfoliation; some salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/14
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Fluvially reworked till forming a sandy sediment in a moist depression
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Hummocky terrain is probably related to ablation and patterned ground formation
surface_weathering: A thin salt precipitation over much of the surface
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
description:
  Approximately 1km E of Webb Lake; on the valley floor on a young moraine surface; the site is on the floor of a small moist salty hollow

geological_setting:
  Webb Glacier in the upper Barwick Valley has retreated and left a series of till deposits and moraine surfaces of differing ages; the site is on moraines mapped by Calkin as Packard Drift (youngest); the main rock types in the area are dolerite, granite, granodiorite and Beacon Group sediments and the tills have these rocks in them; incipient stream channels connect a number of small frozen lakes and the tills in them have been fluvially reworked

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the site is moist, probably for a period of 6-8 weeks each summer because of local snow melt

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/14
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Ice-cored lateral moraine till
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the soils are moistened in the surface horizon by occasional brief snow falls
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Hummocky ground with a relief of 1-2m is related to subsurface ice ablation processes
surface_weathering: Surface boulders are up to 2m and are unweathered and subangular
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_type: Stagnant ice core
frozen_comment: 48
description:
  Approximately 1km SE of Webb Lake; on the valley floor on a young ice-cored moraine surface; the site is near the centre of a frost polygon

geological_setting:
  Webb Glacier in the upper Barwick Valley has retreated and left a series of till deposits and moraine surfaces of differing ages; the site is on ice-cored moraines mapped by Calkin as Packard Drift (youngest) and may be lateral moraine; the main rock types in the area are dolerite, granite, granodiorite and Beacon Group sediments and the tills have these rocks in them

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Salt characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/14
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: A salty hollow near Hourglass Lake
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the soils are moist in salty depressions
biological_activity: Nil observed
surface_weathering: Surface salt efflorescences
previous_disturbance: Nil
geological_setting:
  Webb Glacier in the upper Barwick Valley has retreated and left a series of till deposits and moraine surfaces of differing ages; the site is on ice-cored moraines mapped by Calkin as Packard Drift (youngest); salts occur at the surface of the soils in numerous small patches in hollows

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/15
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery Vida Drift till
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Hummocky patterned ground surface with 1m deep troughs and active movement in cracks
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented, overlying stagnant ice
frozen_comment: 53cm
description:
  Approximately 2km W of Lake Vashka on the moraine surface on the floor of the Barwick Valley; the profile site was on an uneven patterned ground surface, near the centre of a polygon

geological_setting:
  Webb Glacier in the upper Barwick Valley has retreated and left a series of till deposits and moraine surfaces of differing ages; the site is on moraines mapped by Calkin as Vida Drift; the main rock types in the area are dolerite, granite, granodiorite and Beacon Group sediments and the tills have these rocks in them; while being older than Packard drift, this till is also ice cored

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the site is dry and not subject to seepage; soil moisture only from periodic snowfall

surface_weathering:
  Some slight cavernous weathering of granite boulders and minor surface exfoliation on dolerites; pavement formation includes accumulations of pebbles and granules in depressions; surface boulders subrounded and wind abraded but mainly unstained

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/15
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery Vida Drift till
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: hummocky patterned ground surface with 1m deep troughs and active movement in cracks
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented over stagnant ice
frozen_comment: 48cm
description:
  Approximately 2km W of Lake Vashka on the moraine surface on the north side of the floor of the Barwick Valley; the profile site was on an uneven patterned ground surface, to the NE of site 129 where the surface was more gravelly

geological_setting:
  Webb Glacier in the upper Barwick Valley has retreated and left a series of till deposits and moraine surfaces of differing ages; the site is on moraines mapped by Calkin as Vida Drift; the main rock types in the area are dolerite, granite, granodiorite and Beacon Group sediments and the tills have these rocks in them; this second site on Vida Drift was examined to confirm the presence of ice core beneath Vida till as found at site 129 and to compare the ablation material immediately above the ice core with that higher in the soil profile;

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the site is dry and not subject to seepage; soil moisture only from periodic snowfall

surface_weathering:
  some slight cavernous weathering of granite boulders and minor surface exfoliation on dolerite boulders; pavement formation includes accumulations of pebbles and granules in depressions; surface boulders subrounded and wind abraded but mainly unstained

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Reworked Bull Drift till and windblown/fluvial detritus
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: A smooth pebble surface many of which have been wind abraded
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
description:
  On the floor of Barwick Valley near it's confluence with Balham Valley, approximately 2.5km SE of Lake Vashka; the site is on the south side of the floor of a large kettlehole-like depression in the valley floor

geological_setting:
  Tills on the lower Barwick Valley were mapped by Calkin as Bull Drift, the third of a sequence of glacial deposits; in Barwick Valley, Bull Drift deposits may have originated from the East, in part due to the earlier expansion of the Ross Ice Shelf and the inland invasion of it's ice into the Dry Valleys; some of the materials on the floor of the hollow have probably been blown in from adjacent surfaces and there may also have been some fluvial sorting from times when the depression was occupied by a lake

soil_moisture_status:
  Oceanic subxerous; the moisture status and site is influenced by seepages and accumulation of water into the hollow

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/16
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; a dry site with no moisture available from seepages, snowbanks etc.
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: A stable surface with old subdued inactive patterned ground
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  On the floor of Barwick Valley near it's eastern end, about 8.5km East of Lake Vashka; on the north side of the valley on a broad undulating till surface with low relief moraine loops

geological_setting:
  Tills on the lower Barwick Valley were mapped by Calkin as Bull Drift, the third of a sequence of glacial deposits; in Barwick Valley, Bull Drift deposits may have originated from the East, in part due to the earlier expansion of the Ross Ice Shelf and the inland invasion of it's ice into the Dry Valleys; boulders are seldom larger than 30cm

soil_parent_matterial:
  Bull Drift till containing much sandy/silty rock flour like material; coarse materials concentrated at the surface

surface_weathering:
  Most boulders are less than 250mm; pebbles and cobbles form a well developed pavement with well formed abundant ventifacts; coarser grained rocks are very crumbly; surface staining and exfoliation are strongly developed

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/17
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp & Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Insel Drift till, containing much sandy/silty rock flour like material
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; a dry site but with occasional small snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: A stable surface with old subdued inactive patterned ground
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen over hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 75cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the floor of McKelvey Valley, a little to the West of it's junction with Bull Pass; approximately 12km SE from Lake Vashka and 8 km SW of Lake Vida; the surface is a broad till plain of very low relief with low scattered boulders

geological_setting:
  Tills in this part of McKelvey Valley were mapped by Calkin (1964) as Bull and Insel Drift; the site is on Insel Drift which is considered by Calkin to have originated from eastward flowing ice

surface_weathering:
  Marked fragmentation, abrasion and cavernous weathering of surface boulders; sandstones are strongly stained and dolerite rocks moderately stained; the surface is soft and has a well developed pebble pavement with many well formed ventifacts


reason: soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/18
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: Cs Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery Vida Drift till derived mainly from dolerite, granite and sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; a dry site with no snow patches; rapid ablation of recent thin snowfalls
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: 15m nets with broad 75cm troughs
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen over hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 70cm
description:
  On the floor of Barwick Valley, approximately .5km ESE of Lake Vashka and just below the crest of a small rise; the surface is at the eastern end of the Vida Drift till plain which forms a gently undulating bouldery surface with boulders up to 3m

geological_setting:
  The till at this location was mapped by Calkin (1964) as being the eastward extent of Webb Glacier derived Vida Drift; it contains more sandstone than similar till further to the east; the till may be ice-cored

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are extensive, occasionally up to 3m but most less than 45cm; there is minor staining on some surfaces with slight rounding and also exfoliation; stone pavement development is slight but some small hollows have accumulations of sorted pebbles; salts occur beneath some surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/17
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: No
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; a dry site but with occasional small snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: A stable surface with old subdued inactive patterned ground
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
description:
  On the floor of McKelvey Valley, a little to the southwest of a low pass in the Insel Range; approximately 5.5km SSE from Lake Vashka; the surface is a broad till plain of very low relief with low scattered boulders and is at the western end of till mapped as Insel drift; the soil is very similar to that at site 133 but has some patches of brown soil a little below the surface, which were sampled

geological_setting:
  Tills in this part of McKelvey Valley were mapped by Calkin (1964) as Bull and Insel Drift; the site is on Insel Drift which is considered by Calkin to have originated from eastward flowing ice

soil_parent_matterial:
  Insel Drift till, containing much sandy/silty rock flour like material; the oxidised patches are indicative of increasing soil age

surface_weathering:
  Marked fragmentation, abrasion and cavernous weathering of surface boulders; sandstones are strongly stained and dolerite rocks moderately stained; the surface is soft and has a well developed pebble pavement with many well formed ventifacts

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/19
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Fluvially reworked and sorted sandy sediments with a thin drift mantle
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; hollows are moist
biological_activity: Algae in ponds
surface_weathering: Well developed pebble pavement; some salts beneath larger surface stones
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 40cm
description:
  About 2km SSE of Upper Victoria Glacier and on the northeast side of Upper Victoria Lake; a hummocky recent lateral/terminal moraine surface of the Upper Victoria Glacier

geological_setting:
  Tills in this part of Upper Victoria Valley were mapped by Calkin (1964) as Packard Drift; the deposits vary greatly in character and in many places may have been reworked by fluvial or aeolian processes and are sandy or fine gravelly; scattered surface boulders overlying sands have probably been dropped from retreating ice onto proglacial sediments

patterned_ground:
  Well developed 10m polygons with active 1m deep cracks and raised borders; much windblown sand in polygon cracks

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Salt characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/19
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Fluvially worked sands and fine gravels
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; hollows are moist but drier near the edges where salts are precipitated
biological_activity: Algae in ponds
surface_weathering: A slight surface crust with a veneer of precipitated salts
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  About 2km SSE of Upper Victoria Glacier and on the northeast side of Upper Victoria Lake; a hummocky recent lateral/terminal moraine surface of the Upper Victoria Glacier; the site is a few metres away from site 136 and the sample was collected from near the edge of a small depression where salts have precipitated

geological_setting:
  Tills in this part of Upper Victoria Valley were mapped by Calkin (1964) as Packard Drift; the deposits vary greatly in character and in many places may have been reworked by fluvial or aeolian processes and are sandy or fine gravelly;

patterned_ground:
  Well developed 10m polygons with active 1m deep cracks and raised borders; much windblown sand in polygon cracks

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/19
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery till with common Beacon Group sandstone boulders
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the site is dry with moisture derived only from snow fall
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed large polygonal nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 60cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  About 7km NW of Lake Vida, near the junction of Upper Victoria Valley and Barwick Valley; on a surface mapped as Vida Drift by Calkin (1964) comprising low moraine ridges or loops with flat areas between; the site is on a flat surface

geological_setting:
  Tills in this part of Upper Victoria Valley were mapped by Calkin (1964) as Vida Drift derived from the Upper Victoria Glacier; they are marked by the occurrence of numerous large sandstone boulders

surface_weathering:
  Sandstone or quartzite boulders are up to 5m in diameter, are partly decomposed and have some cavernous weathering; some fragmentation of dolerite; larger clasts subangular to subrounded; moderate development of a pebble pavement


reason: soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/19
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_comment: 5
soil_parent_matterial: Partly weathered till derived from dolerite granite and Beacon Group sediments
soil_climate_zone: Central mountains
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the site is dry with moisture derived only from snow fall
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: No patterned ground
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  About 4km E of Lake Vashka on a high bench surface on the North side of Barwick Valley; the surface mapped as Insel Drift by Calkin (1964) is a broad undulating gently sloping till surface; the profile site was on a slight rise

geological_setting:
  Insel Drift is considered to represent the deposits of a former eastward flowing ice stream from an early glaciation; however the till at this site occurs at a much lower altitude than some other deposits mapped as Insel Drift

surface_weathering:
  Some accumulation of small pebbles in hollows; a well developed stone pavement with some ventifacts and abraded clasts; some cavernous weathering of sandstone and also dolerite; salts abundant beneath surface stones and some oxidised patches beneath sandstone clasts; a few boulders between 60-120cm diameter

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/21
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&WPro &Lscp &CS Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy silty till from dolerite, sandstone and granitic rocks
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
biological_activity: Some lichens on surface boulders
patterned_ground: No patterned ground
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  About 9.5km SSW of Lake Vashka on the western end of the top of the Insel Range; a broad undulating basin like surface with patches of till; the site is a gently sloping surface at the foot of a low bouldery ridge

geological_setting:
  Insel Drift is considered to represent the deposits of a former eastward flowing ice stream from an early glaciation; the till at this site occurs at a higher altitude than some other deposits mapped as Insel Drift and forms small loops around the basin; some basement rocks may be present in the till, granitic rocks may indicate existence of older up-valley till as in Asgard Range

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the surface is almost totally covered with 2.5cm of snow from a recent fall; there is no thawing and the soil is dry

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are up to 1.5m; dolerite boulders are moderately stained and subrounded; moderate to strong surface exfoliation; well developed pavement with ventifacts; salts occur beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/21
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
biological_activity: Some lichens on surface boulders
patterned_ground: No patterned ground
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  About 9.5km SSW of Lake Vashka at the western end and on the top of the Insel Range; a broad undulating basin like surface with patches of till; the site is about 50m N of site 140 on a gently sloping surface at the foot of a low bouldery ridge; although the sites are similar the soils are a little different

geological_setting:
  Insel Drift is considered to represent the deposits of a former eastward flowing ice stream from an early glaciation; the till at this site occurs at a higher altitude than some other deposits mapped as Insel Drift and forms small loops around the basin; some basement rocks may be present in the till; granite in the till may indicate an up-valley source as in tills from the Asgard Range

soil_parent_matterial:
  Sandy silty till from dolerite, sandstone and granitic rocks; the fine fraction may be a little coarser that in soil 140

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the surface is almost totally covered with 2.5cm of snow from a recent fall; there is no thawing and the soil is dry

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are up to 1.5m; dolerite boulders are moderately stained and subrounded; moderate to strong surface exfoliation; well developed pavement with ventifacts; salts occur beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/23
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 6o
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; a dry site with no surface snow accumulations
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Approximately 1km NNW of Lake Vashka, on a small bench on the valley side; near the edge of a bluff on a small spur at an outcrop of granodiorite

geological_setting:
  Granite Harbour Intrusives (granites and granodiorites) outcrop in places between Ferrar Dolerite sills

soil_parent_matterial:
  Bouldery granodiorite felsenmeer with some fine material between cracks in the rocks; includes some dolerite from outcrops on slopes above

surface_weathering:
  Granodiorite bedrock has been fractured by frost weathering; boulders are is mainly flattish and flaggy; some salt accumulations beneath some surface stones; some dolerite cobbles


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/23
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; patches of surface snow; soil surface occasionally moistened
biological_activity: Yellow and black lichen on dolerite outcrops
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
description:
  Approximately 4km N of Lake Vashka, on gently undulating dolerite bench or sill surface, below a small peak formed by an outcrop of dolerite; the site is near level with dolerite bedrock risers and dolerite rubble in hollows; deeper profiles are found between cracks in the bedrock

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite outcrops on the surface and on an adjacent knoll; the shallow regolith is probably frost shattered detritus

soil_parent_matterial:
  Shallow dolerite detritus, probably including some windblown fines from nearby sandstone outcrop, over dolerite bedrock

surface_weathering:
  Some pitting of dolerite rock surfaces and some cavernous weathering on rock outcrops; surface weathering is blackish rather than reddish; salts occur beneath most surface stones and there are some calcium carbonate encrustations; a moderately developed pavement of flattish pebbles

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/23
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 8o
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated marble with some inclusion of dolerite and sandstone aeolian or drift material
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; site is dry with little available moisture
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Approximately 3km S of Sponsors Pk and 5.5km NE of Lake Vashka; a broad sloping surface forming part of a ridge and gully complex formed in an exposure of marble bedrock

geological_setting:
  Marble and hornfels dikes of the Ross Supergroup outcrop in the lower Barwick Valley above the level of Insel Drift; the surface cover is mainly thin disaggregated bedrock although occasional dolerite erratics are present

surface_weathering:
  Marble outcrops have a thin crumbly surface; some cavernous weathering on bedrock; carbonate coatings occur beneath some surface stones;


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/23
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: Colluvial sands and fine gravels of mixed lithology
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the site is dry with little available moisture
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed, non active nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 45
description:
  on the lower slopes of Barwick Valley, approximately 6.5km E of lake Vashka; a low angle fan surface formed below a shallow gully cut in the north side of the Barwick Valley; the site is on the lower toe slope of the fan surface where the soil profiles appear to show weakest development

geological_setting:
  Small fans have formed as a result of rapid thaw of valley side snow or ice accumulations in nevees which, for a short period, provide a source of water to transport sediment

surface_weathering:
  Moderately developed pavement surface but with little wind polish or ventifact formation; some slight staining and some thin coatings of calcium carbonate

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1965/01/23
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: Colluvial sands and fine gravels of mixed lithology, possibly including reworked till
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed, non active nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 72cm
description:
  on the lower slopes of Barwick Valley, approximately 6.5km E of lake Vashka; a low angle fan surface formed below a shallow gully cut in the north side of the Barwick Valley; the site is on the upper part of the fan surface where the soil profiles appear to show greater development

geological_setting:
  Small fans have formed as a result of rapid thaw of valley side snow or ice accumulations in nevees which, for a short period, provide a source of water to transport sediment

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; the site is dry with little available moisture; frozen ground is deeper, suggesting that the site may be drier than site 145

surface_weathering:
  Well developed pebble pavement with weak surface staining; wind abrasion has formed ventifacts; some yellowish brown calcium carbonate crusts beneath some stones and also some salt accumulations

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1965/01/24
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
geological_setting: The surface has Vida Drift over the valley floor
soil_climate_zone: Central mountain
soil_moisture_status: Xerous to subxerous; the site is dry with no permanent snow banks and little available water
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Moderately developed network of large polygons with active troughs
surface_weathering: Surface boulders 1-2m diameter; mainly subangular and weakly stained
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  On glacial drift mapped as Vida Till approximately .5km S of Lake Vashka; a gently undulating moderately bouldery moraine surface 50m away from a low rise; the site was sampled primarily for soil monolith collection but brown soil material near the base of the profile was collected for weathering examination

soil_parent_matterial:
  Bouldery gravelly till with fine silty layers near the bottom of the profile; ablation tills are often subject to reworking as subsurface ice thaws and this may result in some fluvial sorting

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil biological/soil weathering
observation_date: 1971/12/31
authors: REC/FAM
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_comment: 23
geological_setting: Local rocks are granitic; the till sheet appears relatively recent
soil_parent_matterial: Mixed granitic glacial debris
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous
surface_weathering: A rough bouldery surface
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant ice
frozen_comment: 13cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Mt Howe; head of Robert Scott Glacier; southern most outcrop in the world; a bouldery moraine surface below rock granite bluffs; in the middle of a moraine covered surface


reason: Soil biological/soil weathering
observation_date: 1971/01/01
authors: REC/FAM
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_comment: 15
geological_setting: Local rocks are granitic; the till sheet appears relatively recent
soil_parent_matterial: Mixed granitic glacial debris; loose gravel over ice
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous
surface_weathering: A rough bouldery surface
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant ice
frozen_comment: 2cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Mt Howe; head of Robert Scott Glacier; southern most outcrop in the world; a bouldery moraine surface tailing to the north of the exposed area, approximately 50m from the edge of the ice


reason: Soil biological/soil weathering
observation_date: 1971/01/05
authors: REC/FAM
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SW
slope_comment: 10
geological_setting: Local rocks are granitic; talus and scree occurs on slopes
soil_parent_matterial: Mixed slope detritus; some basalt shale and coal present
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; dry
surface_weathering: Rough cobbly surface forming a desert pavement
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_comment: 15cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Mt Howe; head of Robert Scott Glacier; southern most outcrop in the world; a slope on bluffs overlooking the moraine till plain


reason: Weathering examination examination
observation_date: 1969/11/18
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_comment: 15
soil_parent_matterial: Metavolcanic and perhaps granitised (hornfells granite) fractured (argillised) rock
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Moderate oxidation and staining on boulder surfaces
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On the north side of Mt Mooney which forms a large nunatack near the head of the Robison Glacier; the site is amongst cliffs on a ridge adjacent to a small glacial retreat embayment, approximately 2 km NNW of Mt Mooney

geological_setting:
  Mt Mooney is predominantly metavolcanic but the north side is granite, predominanly pink and coarse-grained, probably intrusive


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/18
authors: IBC, GGC
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_comment: 15
soil_parent_matterial: Fine material in fractured granitic rock
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Some oxidation on surface boulders; fretting of micas from exposed rocks
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
description:
  On the north side of Mt Mooney which forms a large nunatack near the head of the Robison Glacier; the site is amongst cliffs on a ridge adjacent to a small glacial retreat embayment, approximately 2 km NNW of Mt Mooney at the same site as soil 201 but on a pinkish granite outcrop

geological_setting:
  Mt Mooney is predominantly metavolcanic but the north side is granite, predominanly pink and coarse-grained, probably intrusive; the lower slopes of Mt Mooney are partly scree covered but many boulders at the foot of the slope are moderately stained; there are signs of ice ablation having exposed surfaces with previous weathering features

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/19
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Ablation till over stagnant ice
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous
biological_activity: Nil Observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ablating glacial ice
frozen_comment: 10cm
description:
  On the north side of Mt Mooney which forms a large nunatack near the head of the Robison Glacier; the site is on a 'terrace' surface on the lower north side of Mt Mooney, adjacent to the Robison Glacier; the surface is patterned ground with small polygons and is underlain by ice

geological_setting:
  The deposit probably represents till or locally derived materials ablated from stagnant ice; the soil material is a mixture of granitic and metavolcanics

patterned_ground:
  Micro-polygons up to 1m diamater with weakly expressed borders; probably formed from ice ablation process

surface_weathering:
  Some clasts with a distinct surface oxidation rhind up to 5mm thick; most clasts angular to subangular and nil staining

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/19
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Older sandy gravel till from granitic and meta-volcanic rocks
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous
biological_activity: Nil Observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >40cm
description:
  On the north side of Mt Mooney which forms a large nunatack near the head of the Robison Glacier; the site is on a low surface which forms a small embayment alongside a steepened ice face of the Robison Glacier on the lower north side of Mt Mooney; the surface is gently slopng with some weakly formed moraine retreat loops

geological_setting:
  The deposit probably represents an older and distinctly weathered till, from locally derived materials, which is being exhumed by the retreat of the Robison Glacier; this provides clear evidence of the ability for ice in this environment to advance and retreat without adding to or destroying previously existing land surface features

surface_weathering:
  Many clasts rounded to subrounded and some subangular; a distinct pebble pavement; some salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/19
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Old sandy gravel till from granitic and meta-volcanic rocks
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >10cm
description:
  On the north side of Mt Mooney which forms a large nunatack near the head of the Robison Glacier; the site is on a low surface which forms a small embayment alongside a steepened ice face of the Robison Glacier on the lower north side of Mt Mooney; the surface is gently slopng with some weakly formed moraine retreat loops; this site is adjacent to the ice front

geological_setting:
  The deposit probably represents an older and distinctly weathered till, from locally derived materials, which is being exhumed by the retreat of the Robison Glacier; this provides clear evidence of the ability for ice in this environment to advance and retreat without adding to or destroying previously existing land surface features; the oldest till appears to be closest to the ice edge

surface_weathering:
  Many clasts rounded to subrounded and some subangular; a distinct pebble pavement; some salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/19
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Partly oxidised granitic detritus with some fine fraction accumulation
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >10cm
description:
  On the north side of Mt Mooney which forms a large nunatack near the head of the Robison Glacier; the site is on a knoll approximately 75m above the ice level, in the vicinity and south of of site 205 where there is an occurrnce of yellowish brown finer material

geological_setting:
  The deposit probably represents older and more weathered material derived from local granitic and meta-volcanic rocks; the apparently finer texture at this location may indicate some accumulation of wind- blown material

surface_weathering:
  Surfce rocks show some oxidation; salts are present beneath some clasts; the soil material is distinctly crusty but this appears to be due to partial solution crystalisation

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering and patterned ground examination
observation_date: 1969/11/22
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 4
soil_parent_matterial: thin coarse till from argillite, meta-volcanic and granite
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; snow in adjacent patterned ground cracks
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Polygons up to 4m across with snow filled troughs
surface_weathering: Angular unstained clasts with little pavement development
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant glacial ice
frozen_comment: 12cm
description:
  Northern end of the La Gorce Mountains on a low moraine covered surface at the north end of Ackerman Ridge, on the east side of Scott Glacier; the surface is undulating, low and patterned ground covered and the sample site was at the centere of a polygon

geological_setting:
  The ground surface is ablation till underlain by stagnant ice from the Robert Scott Glacier; the till shows a gradual progression from the Scott Glacier surface consisting of bare ice, ice with scattered clasts, a thin continuous till cover, a thicker till cover with micro undulations and incipient patterned ground cracks, increased till thickness and increased expression of hummocky ground and polygonal patterns. This development of patterned ground appears to be a function of thermal expansion/contraction processes in the stagnant glacial ice and as the cracks develop, sorting of material takes place along with infilling of the cracks with finer detritus. Surfaces such as these give strong indications of relatively recent glacial retreat

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering and patterned ground examination
observation_date: 1969/11/22
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 4
soil_parent_matterial: Ice and rubble from patterned ground
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; snow in adjacent patterned ground cracks
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Polygons up to 4m across with snow filled troughs
surface_weathering: Angular unstained clasts with little pavement development
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_type: Stagnant glacial ice
description:
  Northern end of the La Gorce Mountains on a low moraine covered surface at the north end of Ackerman Ridge, on the east side of Scott Glacier; the surface is undulating, low and patterned ground covered and the sample site was at the centere of a polygon

geological_setting:
  The ground surface is ablation till underlain by stagnant ice from the Robert Scott Glacier; the till shows a gradual progression from the Scott Glacier surface consisting of bare ice, ice with scattered clasts, a thin continuous till cover, a thicker till cover with micro undulations and incipient patterned ground cracks, increased till thickness and increased expression of hummocky ground and polygonal patterns. This development of patterned ground appears to be a function of thermal expansion/contraction processes in the stagnant glacial ice and as the cracks develop, sorting of material takes place along with infilling of the cracks with finer detritus. Surfaces such as these give strong indications of relatively recent glacial retreat. This sample was collcted from icy material below the mineral soil to confirm that rock material in the ice was similar to that at the ground surface and therefore ablating from the ice

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering and patterned ground examination
observation_date: 1969/11/22
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 5
soil_parent_matterial: Late glacial unweathered till
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; snow in adjacent patterned ground cracks
biological_activity: Nil Observed
surface_weathering: Angular unstained clasts with little pavement development
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >30cm
description:
  Northern end of the La Gorce Mountains on a moraine covered surface at the north end of Ackerman Ridge, on the east side of Scott Glacier; on a young moraine surface that extends up onto the sloping west side of Ackerman Ridge

geological_setting:
  The lower surfaces of Ackerman Ridge are covered with young till; the thin till overlying glacial ice near the glacier margin thickens eastward with increasing distance from the glacier but the degree of weathering in the higher elevation till remains essentially the same; the till is unweathered and indicates the extent of late glacial retreat of the Scott Glacier

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/22
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Flat
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Residual till and possibly some wind-blown fines in fractured granitic regolith
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; scattered snow remnants
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >15cm
description:
  On a broad ridge crest on Ackerman Ridge, between the Robison and Scott Glaciers; the surface is flat topped

geological_setting:
  The rock outcrop on the ridge is granitic and is fractured and jonted to 25cm; fine material fills cracks between the rocks and may be wind blown; the surface has probably been overtopped by late glacial ice and there is some argillite incorporated in the regolith indicating addition of till

surface_weathering:
  Surface rock fragments mostly angular but some surface staining; subsurface clasts interlocked with brownish fines in the cracks

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/23
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 20
soil_parent_matterial: Residual till and possibly some wind-blown fines in fractured granitic regolith
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; scattered snow remnants
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil observed
surface_weathering: Surface rock fragments mostly angular with little staining
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >20cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Near the bottom of a spur leading on to an east-west lying part of Ackerman Ridge; on a sloping surface about 50m above Scott Glacier

geological_setting:
  Lower slopes have young till, in places perhaps overlying some older slightly more weathered drift with similar weathering features seen in soil 210


reason: Rock weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/23
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 22
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Ultraxerous; scattered snow remnants
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil observed
surface_weathering: Rock surfaces are stained and the oxidised rhind extends >5mm below the rock surface
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  On a spur leading onto an east-west lying part of Ackerman Ridge; on a strongly sloping surface above Scott Glacier

geological_setting:
  The rock sample is from a boulder of old till, possibly Sirius Formation; the till is firmly consolidated but fragmented by weathering with fragmented clasts having been moved downslope approximately 2.5m; some of the clasts have oxidised outer surfaces; the till is fine grained with rounded to subrounded clasts

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/23
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SW
slope_comment: 4
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered small snow patches; weak soil crust in places suggests occasional surface moistening
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >60cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On an east-west trending part of Ackerman Ridge about 300m above the Scott Glacier near the edge of a basin on the ridge

geological_setting:
  Some of the higher slopes of Ackerman Ridge have old moraine deposits, judged by increased weathering; local rock appears to be granite

soil_parent_matterial:
  Granitic bouldery till and fines with a rock flour consistence; some boulders up to 4m but most around 0.3m

surface_weathering:
  Rounding and surface oxidation of many boulders; undersides unstained indicating surface stability; some surface crumbling and spalling; pavement moderately developed


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/23
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_comment: 7
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic and argillitic boulder till with fines having a pulverulent rock flour consistence;
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered small snow patches; weak soil crust in places suggests occasional surface moistening
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >80cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On an east-west trending part of Ackerman Ridge about 450m above the Scott Glacier; on the north side of the ridge, just off the crest

geological_setting:
  Old till persists on even higher levels of Ackerman Ridge; the lithology is mixed however with argillite as well as granite; indications of greater age include more advanced surface weathering and more salt accumulation

surface_weathering:
  Black argillitic rocks have strong surface polish; granitic rocks are well stained and many are crumbled; no staining on undersides of surface clasts indicates surface stability; salt accumulations beneath some surface clasts


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/24
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: partly weathered fines and some salt
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Strong oxidation of adjacent schistose boulder
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On an east-west trending part of Ackerman Ridge about 450m above the Scott Glacier; on the north side of the ridge, just off the crest

geological_setting:
  An oxide stained schist boulder has a distinct surface crust alongside; the crust appears to be mainly crystallized salt


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/25
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Small scattered snow patches but no indication of liquid moisture
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Surface rocks are strongly stained and exfoliated
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >38cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  High outcrop on Ackerman Ridge towards the NE end on the NE/SW sloping spur on a ridge surface with rock outcrops; a weathered soil in a cleft between rock outcrops

geological_setting:
  Till occurs to high altitudes on Ackerman Ridge with weathering increasing with increasing altitude; lithologies are mixed but schist or metasediments occur at higher altitudes

soil_parent_matterial:
  Disaggregated schistose material with some argillitic component; fine fraction may not be rock flour


reason: Salt composition examination
observation_date: 1969/11/25
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W and CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
description: On a steep NW sloping talus slope, about mid slope
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_comment: 33
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery morainal gravel
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Small scattered snow patches; no indication of liquid moisture
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Some weak staining on upper surfaces of boulders but most rocks are angular and unstained
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_type: Dry frozen
geological_setting:
  Steep slopes in this locality have the appearance of scree slopes but in reality may be thin till deposits in some places overlying stagnant ice; weakly expressed moraine ridges cross the slopes in places; the debris is very loose and unstable and readily slides on the underlying smooth ice surface where it is present; the absence of rock material from ridgetop exposures strongly suggests a moraine origin for these slope materials

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/25
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Recent bouldery ablation till over stagnant ice
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed
surface_weathering: Fresh angular to subrounded surface clasts with some slight surface staining in places
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen over stagnant ice
frozen_comment: 90cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  A small dry valley area at the head of a lobe of ice extending into an embayment on the west side of Ackerman Ridge; a bouldery moraine surface on the floor of the valley

geological_setting:
  Valley head tills mark successive retreat stages of the Scott Glacier; being furthermost from the ice edge, this till is probably the oldest of the youngest set of moraines in this area

soil_moisture_status:
  Patchcy snow cover but no liquid water observed; a weakly developed soil crust suggests there may be occasional soil moistening


reason: Calcium carbonate sample for possible dating
observation_date: 1969/11/25
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: calcium carbonate sample on rock surface
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Patchcy snow cover but no liquid water observed;
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Weakly to moderately developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
description:
  A small dry valley area at the head of a lobe of ice extending into an embayment on the west side of Ackerman Ridge; a bouldery moraine surface on the floor of the valley

geological_setting:
  Valley head tills mark successive retreat stages of the Scott Glacier; being furthermost from the ice edge, this till is probably the oldest of the youngest set of moraines in this area; the till cover becomes progressively thicker with increasing distance from the Scott Glacier and patterned ground expression also increases

surface_weathering:
  Fresh angular to subrounded surface clasts with some slight surface staining in places; calcium carbonate efflorescences on some rock surfaces

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Calcium carbonate for possible dating
observation_date: 1969/11/25
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: soil crust of sandy to silty fine gravel
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Patchcy snow cover but no liquid water observed;
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Weakly to moderately developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  North side of a small dry valley area at the head of a lobe of ice extending into an embayment on the west side of Ackerman Ridge; a bouldery valley side surface

geological_setting:
  Valley head tills mark successive retreat stages of the Scott Glacier; being furthermost from the ice edge, on the valley side above the tills, weathering and surface age appears to increase

surface_weathering:
  Fresh angular to subrounded surface clasts with some slight surface staining in places; calcium carbonate efflorescences on some rock surfaces


reason: Calcite deposit for possible dating
observation_date: 1969/11/25
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Occasional small snow patches
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Weakly to moderately developed
surface_weathering: Rocks mainly angular but some weak surface staining
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  A small dry valley area at the head of a lobe of ice extending into an embayment on the west side of Ackerman Ridge; from a ridge side rock outcrop

geological_setting:
  Valley head tills mark successive retreat stages of the Scott Glacier; being furthermost from the ice edge, on the valley side above the tills, weathering and surface age appears to increase; calcium carbonate occurs on till with predominantly granitic rocks

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/25
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: On an east/west trending portion of Ackerman Ridge on a bouldery granitic surface
altitude_unit: m
soil_parent_matterial: Old bouldery granitic till with some argillite
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Occasional small snow patches
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Surface boulders a mixture of angular and rounded but strongly stained
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 5
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry-frozen
frozen_comment: >60cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
geological_setting:
  Rocks in the area are argillites and granites; with increasing altitude, younger tills with minimal weathering give way to patchy weathered residual till and bedrock


reason: Salt sample
observation_date: 1969/11/25
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp & Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Fragmented granitic bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry soil, occasional snow patches
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_type: Dry-frozen
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On an east/west trending portion of Ackerman Ridge on a boulder granitic surface on a knoll on the ridge

geological_setting:
  Weathering continues on the surfaces at higher altitude with alteration and oxidation to greater than 30cm depth; salt patches are common under many surface stones

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are angular with patchy surface staining but negligible staining on undersides; salts occur under stones and as thick discrete accumulations in the soil


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/25
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 14
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic/felsitic? fractured bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry soil, occasional snow patches
biological_activity: Nil Observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Angular cobbles and boulders with some surface oxide staining
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry-frozen
frozen_comment: >45cm
description:
  On an east/west trending portion of Ackerman Ridge on a boulder granitic surface about 150m below the ridge crest

geological_setting:
  Weathering continues on the surfaces at higher altitude with alteration and oxidation to greater than 30cm depth; salt patches are common under many surface stones; in places the soil has a very distinctive sulphur like colour; the yellow coloured soil patches seem to be associated with dark coloured rock

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated fine-grained biotite granite
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Thin patchy snow cover but no liquid snow melt observed
biological_activity: Nil at site
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >30cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Table Top, a small peak on the east side of Bartlett Glacier, 13km SE of Mt Gardiner and 9km NW of Mt Denauro; on the east side on a weathered granite outcrop; a knobbly surface with patches of residual soil between rocky knolls

geological_setting:
  Granite and dolerite outcrop with oxidised and exfoliated granite occurring on elevated knolls; the surface is clearly much older than those of the lower altitude moraine sequences

surface_weathering:
  Rounded and exfoliated bedrock with distinctly oxidised surfaces; a few scattered pitted dolerite erratics; salts beneath some surface stones


reason: Salt sample
observation_date: 1969/11/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated fine-grained biotite granite with occasional dolerite erratics
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Thin patchy snow cover but no liquid snow melt observed
biological_activity: Nil at site
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  Table Top, a small peak on the east side of Bartlett Glacier, 13km SE of Mt Gardiner and 9km NW of Mt Denauro; on the east side on a weathered granite outcrop; a knobbly surface with patches of residual soil between rocky knolls and salts beneath dolerite surface clasts

geological_setting:
  Granite and dolerite outcrop with oxidised and exfoliated granite occurring on elevated knolls; occasional dolerite erratics are present; the surface is clearly much older than those of the lower altitude moraine sequences

surface_weathering:
  Rounded and exfoliated bedrock with distinctly oxidised surfaces; a few scattered pitted dolerite erratics; salts beneath some surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/28
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated fine-grained granite over granite bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Thin patchy snow cover but no liquid snow melt observed
biological_activity: Nil at site
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >20cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Table Top, a small peak on the east side of Bartlett Glacier, 13km SE of Mt Gardiner and 9km NW of Mt Denauro; on the east side on a weathered granite outcrop; a knobbly surface with patches of residual soil

geological_setting:
  Granite outcrops mainly around the edge of the ridge and at higher elevation; there is appreciably less mica in the granite but the surface oxidation and weathering appears to increase

surface_weathering:
  Rounded and strongly exfoliated bedrock with distinctly oxidised surfaces; no exfoliation in rock joints which are buried by weathering products


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_comment: 3
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy to silty bouldery till from granite dolerite and sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow patches but no indications of snow thaw or liquid water
biological_activity: Nil at site
patterned_ground: Weakly developed broad nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen over stagnant ice?
frozen_comment: 40cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Table Top, a small peak on the east side of Bartlett Glacier, 13km SE of Mt Gardiner and 9km NW of Mt Denauro; on a broad undulating till-covered ridge approximately 100 below the crest

geological_setting:
  The upper surface of Table Top has a cover of till which shows a moderate degree of weathering; the till has a typical sandy/silty rock flour fine fraction; granite, dolerite and sandstone clasts indicate a non local source

surface_weathering:
  Small to medium sized boulders, subangular to subrounded, with negligible pavement formation; distinct to strong surface staining and some clasts polished; some surface exfoliation; salt accumulations beneath some clasts


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/28
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_comment: 20
soil_parent_matterial: Weakly lithified sandy to silty bouldery till
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow patches but no indications of snow thaw or liquid water
biological_activity: Nil at site
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Weak surface staining and a moderately developed surface crust;
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: dry frozen over ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 40cm
description:
  Table Top, a small peak on the east side of Bartlett Glacier, 13km SE of Mt Gardiner and 9km NW of Mt Denauro; at the edge of a broad undulating till-covered ridge, just off the ridge and at the top of an adjacent steep slope

geological_setting:
  The till on the upper portion of the adjacent slope, just below the ridge, may be the same stratigraphic till unit as that on the ridge but be representative of a greater depth; the soil is unweathered but this may be due to slope erosion on the upper margin of the till deposit

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/28
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery till of mixed lithology
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow patches but no indications of snow thaw or liquid water
biological_activity: Nil at site
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Surface rocks are strongly stained with weathering appearing more advanced than at lower altitudes
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Table Top, a small peak on the east side of Bartlett Glacier, 13km SE of Mt Gardiner and 9km NW of Mt Denauro; at the eastern end on a ridge, below a snowy summit

geological_setting:
  Till occurs on the highest eastern surfaces of Table Top and has a mixed lithology of granite, dolerite and quartzitic greywackes etc


reason: Till sample, possibly Sirrius Formation
observation_date: 1969/11/28
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow patches but no indications of snow thaw or liquid water
biological_activity: Nil at site
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  Table Top, a small peak on the east side of Bartlett Glacier, 13km SE of Mt Gardiner and 9km NW of Mt Denauro; at the eastern end on a ridge, below a snowy summit

geological_setting:
  Older pale coloured, unweathered and consolidated till may represent deposits of a former glaciation with possible correlation with the Sirrius Formation; this formation may reprsent an early Antarctic glaciation and is seen in various places in the Transantarctic Mountains; the till was observed on the Tabletop ridge in two separate locations

surface_weathering:
  Consolidated and compact till deposit with clasts that are smaller than the surface superficial till deposit

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/11/30
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_comment: 3
soil_parent_matterial: Fragmented dark porphyritic bedrock with locally derived fines
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow patches but no indications of snow thaw or liquid water
biological_activity: Nil at site
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Some scattered salts; moderate surface staining
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry-frozen
frozen_comment: >10cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  La Gorce Mountains at the northwestern end near Mt Gjertsen and from a site on the ridgetop near the northern summit ridge knoll

geological_setting:
  Quartzites and quartzitic greywackes of the La Gorce Formation are common in the area; porphyritic volcanic rocks are also present


reason: Rock weathering
observation_date: 1969/12/05
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: Low moraine at the southern end of a basin just to the north of Mt Czegka
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Iron enriched granite
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil at site
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Distinct iron oxide staining on boulder surface around and below pyrites occurrances
previous_disturbance: Nil
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
geological_setting:
  A granite boulder containing some crystals of iron pyrites has distinct surface iron oxide staining indicating that some chemical weathering has occurred

soil_moisture_status:
  No liquid water visible but staining on the rock surface indicates the occasional presence of moisture


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/05
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Till band in ice
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil at site
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Silty till freshly exposed and unweathered
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice
frozen_comment: 2cm
description:
  On the ice sheet surface in the basin between Mt Czegka and Mt Russell on a thin band of till within the ice

geological_setting:
  Ablation till is extensive in the southwest of the basin and shows distinctive moraine loop formations suggesting retreat of ice in two directions; thin bands of till 20-30cm wide are present in the ice and are probably incipient medial moraine; this material is a good example of fresh, unweathered till

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/05
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Partly weathered mixed lithology till but dominantly granitic with some dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow patches but no liquid moisture
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >45cm
description:
  Approximately 3km NNE of Mt Czegka on a valley mouth ridge of moraine; the innermost, up-valley moraine loop on the ridge crest approximately 150m above the low valley bottom moraine surface

geological_setting:
  Young moraine in the basin floor shows clear evidence of advance and recession; surfaces at higher elevation also show evidence of earlier glacial advance and retreat stages with an expanded ice sheet advancing into an empty side valley leaving two valley mouth moraine ridges; the innermost loop shows more weathering than the outer loop

surface_weathering:
  Some large surface boulders 1.5 to 2.5m; some rounding and surface exfoliation and distinct staining; a few salts beneath some surface clasts

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/05
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_comment: 27
soil_parent_matterial: Partly weathered sandy to silty gravel slope detritus from granitic rocks
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow patches but no liquid moisture
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed broad nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Approximately 2.5km NNE of Mt Czegka on the head wall of a small dry cirque valley, about one third way up thee valley head surface

geological_setting:
  The deposit on the valley sides and head wall are dominantly local slope drift materials from local outcrops

surface_weathering:
  Rocks mainly subangular with some subrounded; distinct surface oxidation; some exfoliation and granular disintegration


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/05
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W & CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Fragmental coarse grained biotite granite detritus
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Some small snow pockets; probable brief liquid water on rock surfaces after snow fall and thaw
biological_activity: Yellow crustose lichen (Lecanora griseomarginata, or Acarospora emergens) in cracks in the rock
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  A ridge top peak to the north of Mt Czgeka; at the summit amongst rock outcrops; a narrow craggy ridge with pockets of weathering debris

geological_setting:
  Coarse crystalline granitic micaceous rocks outcrop with ample evidence of rock weathering at these higher altitudes

surface_weathering:
  Rock outcrop surfaces show marked oxidation and staining; there is deep cavernous weathering with 1-2m of rock removed in places; exfoliation forms manly angular fragments; weatering extends to 30cm in places


reason: Rock sample examination
observation_date: 1969/12/05
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
geological_setting: Coarse crystalline rocks outcrop with much variation in mineralogy; hornblendite occurs in places
soil_parent_matterial: Rock outcrop
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Some small snow pockets; probable brief liquid water on rock surfaces after snow fall and thaw
biological_activity: Yellow crustose lichen (Lecanora griseomarginata, or Acarospora emergens) in cracks in the rock
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  A ridge top peak to the north of Mt Czgeka; at the summit amongst rock outcrops; a narrow craggy ridge with pockets of weathering debris

surface_weathering:
  Rock outcrop surfaces show marked oxidation and staining; exfoliation forms manly angular fragments; occasional salt efflorescences on rocks


reason: Salt examination
observation_date: 1969/12/05
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Salt sample on rock
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Some small snow pockets; probable brief liquid water on rock surfaces after snow fall and thaw
biological_activity: Yellow crustose lichen (Lecanora griseomarginata, or Acarospora emergens) in cracks in the rock
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  A ridge top peak to the north of Mt Czgeka; at the summit amongst rock outcrops; a narrow craggy ridge with pockets of weathering debris

geological_setting:
  Coarse crystalline granitic rocks outcrop with ample evidence of rock weathering at these higher altitudes; occasional salt occurrances, some yellowish

surface_weathering:
  Rock outcrop surfaces show marked oxidation and staining; exfoliation forms manly angular fragments; occasional salt efflorescences on rocks


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/08
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS & B&W Lscp & Pr
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SW
slope_comment: 26
soil_parent_matterial: Altered and partly altered granitic bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry surface with no residual snow patches or signs of snow thaw
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >35cm
description:
  At the southern end of Long Valley, on the north side of a dry valley and 6km north of Mount Blackburn; a valley side, lower midslope with an uneven surface

geological_setting:
  The basement rocks are granitic with sedimentary above lying on the Kukri Peneplane and dolerite intrusions; a thin moraine cover of dominantly granite but with some dolerite lies on the valley slope; a transverse weathering zone occurs in the granitic bedrock with distinct weathering changes over a 75cm wide band; the weathering may be related to a crush or fault zone in the bedrock or to proximity to and alteration by an intrusion

surface_weathering:
  Granite boulders are exfoliating, partly rounded and have some cavernous weathering; dolerite boulders are moderately stained and show some exfoliation; granite erratics are up to 5m; reddish weathered material extends away from the sample location

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/09
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 3
soil_parent_matterial: Weathered disaggregated sandstone with minor dolerite and other crystalline rock fragments
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Patchy snow cover but no signs of thawing
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_type: Dry frozen
description:
  Approximately 6.5 km NE of Mount Blackburn at the head of Long Valley, on a high altitude, westward trending, Beacon Sandstone broad ridge, on a step on the ridge

geological_setting:
  The sedimentary sequence is about 550m of Beacon Group rocks overlying the Kukri Peneplane cut in granite basement; The sediments are generally quartzitic sandstones and silty shale with occasional conglomerate; dolerite intrusive rocks cap the ridge top

surface_weathering:
  Between bedrock exposures are thin patchy accumulations of disaggregated sandstone; the Beacon rocks show typical horizontal sandstone fragmentation patterns; there is little oxidation of the sandstone or little cavernous weathering; occasional dolerite clasts, probably from upslope, are strongly stained with deep 5-7cm deep pits on upper surfaces and have salt accumulations beneath

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/09
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Weathered disaggregated sandstone with minor dolerite and other crystalline rock fragments
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Patchy snow cover but no signs of thawing
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
description:
  Approximately 6.7 km NNE of Mount Blackburn at the head of Long Valley, on a high altitude, westward trending, Beacon Sandstone broad ridge; the site is a broad bench on a surface forming a platform, just above granitic rocks and the Kukri Peneplane

geological_setting:
  The sedimentary sequence is about 550m of Beacon Group rocks overlying the Kukri Peneplane cut in granite basement; The sediments are generally quartzitic sandstones and silty shale with occasional conglomerate; dolerite intrusive rocks cap the ridge top; this sample site is near the base of the sedimentary sequence

surface_weathering:
  Between bedrock exposures are thin patchy accumulations of disaggregated sandstone; There are large Beacon rocks scattered over the surface; wind erosion is evident from the occurrence of rocking stones and 1-1.5m of sandstone may have been removed; weathered soil is present in rock fissures; some of the sandstone has been altered due to intrusions

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated granite and thin granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: dry frozen
frozen_comment: >20cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  A small granitic nunatak in Long Valley approximately 8.5km NNW of Mount Blackburn; from the top of the rounded hill

geological_setting:
  The hill is a nunatak of granite about 100m above the glacier level; the granite is strongly jointed breaking up into large blocks; there is little evidence of erratics other than granite

soil_moisture_status:
  Some snow patches but no thawing observed; some occasional soil moistening indicated by a vesicular soil crust

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders show some rounding and surface staining; moderate surface exfoliation; accumulations of fines mainly in rock clefts


reason: Salt sample
observation_date: 1969/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated granite and thin granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  A small granitic nunatak in Long Valley approximately 8.5km NNW of Mount Blackburn; from the top of the rounded hill

geological_setting:
  The hill is a nunatak of granite about 100m above the glacier level; the granite is strongly jointed breaking up into large blocks; there is little evidence of erratics other than granite

soil_moisture_status:
  Some snow patches but no thawing observed; some occasional soil moistening indicated by a vesicular soil crust

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders show some rounding and surface staining; moderate surface exfoliation; accumulations of fines mainly in rock clefts; salts on the surface of boulders are quite widespread


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/12
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_comment: 8
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery moraine from granite, dolerite and sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow patches but no thaw observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Low subdued nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen over ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 50cm
description:
  Valley floor surface at the head of Long Valley; a series of glacial retreat surfaces with hummocky patterned ground topography

geological_setting:
  The valley floor moraines are formed by northward down-valley retreat of ice from Long Valley; moraine patterns are complicated by local ice stranding on the valley sides; the oldest valley floor moraine lies in a strip in the centre of the valley; the till composition reflects the geology of local rocks, dominantly granite with some sandstone and dolerite

surface_weathering:
  Exfoliation and abrasion of upstanding boulders but ventiforms weakly developed; distinct staining on lee sides of some boulders and some weak pitting developed on dolerites; some disaggregation of Beacon Group rocks

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/12
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery till and accumulated fragmental erosion detritus with boulders up to 1.5m
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow patches but no thaw observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen over ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 60cm
description:
  Valley floor surface at the head of Long Valley; a series of glacial retreat surfaces with hummocky patterned ground topography; the site is on the north side of the valley on remnant bench surface

geological_setting:
  The valley floor moraines are formed by northward down-valley retreat of ice from Long Valley; moraine patterns are complicated by local ice stranding on the valley sides; the soils and till on benches on the valley side may be older than on the valley floor; the till composition reflects the geology of local rocks, dominantly granite with some sandstone and dolerite

surface_weathering:
  Distinct staining on dolerite boulders and also some pitting; some cavernous weathering; salts beneath some surface boulders

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/12
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Young bouldery moraine over ice
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow patches but no thaw observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Large well developed nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_type: Stagnant ice
frozen_comment: 13
description:
  Valley floor surface at the head of Long Valley; a series of glacial retreat surfaces with hummocky patterned ground topography; the site is on young moraine near the Long Valley ice tongue

geological_setting:
  The valley floor moraines are formed by northward down-valley retreat of ice from Long Valley; moraine patterns are complicated by local ice stranding on the valley sides; the youngest moraine and till deposits are near the glacier margin at the mouth of the valley; moraine composition reflects the geology of local rocks, dominantly granite with some sandstone and dolerite

surface_weathering:
  Boulders are fresh with little surface staining but some slight abrasion and ventifaction; no salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/18
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 22
geological_setting: Dark coloured old volcanic rock possibly belonging to the Wyatt Formation outcrop on the ridge
soil_parent_matterial: Slope debris from fragmented volcanic rock with minor granite
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >45cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  A ridge top site on Mount Danforth 13km to the east of Scott Glacier; on a sloping surface below the ridge top

soil_moisture_status:
  Many snow patches on the ridge surface and probably some occasional thaw from snow on dark coloured rocks

surface_weathering:
  Surface rock outcrops have distinct dark staining, fragmented rocks have ice crystals between clasts; rock fragments are angular; occasional scattered salts beneath some clasts


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/18
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SW
slope_comment: 12
soil_parent_matterial: Mixed igneous and intrusives disaggregated by surface weathering
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On the narrow bouldery ridge between Mt Andrews and Mt Danforth near a zone of altered rock by a quartz outcrop

geological_setting:
  A complex of rock types is present on the ridge surface; dark volcanics, granites and quartz outcrops

soil_moisture_status:
  Many snow patches on the ridge surface and probably some occasional thaw from snow on dark coloured rocks

surface_weathering:
  Dark staining on some clasts with crystalline salt accumulations; some yellow vesicular soil and salt accumulations


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/18
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Many snow patches on the ridge surface; some thaw from snow on dark coloured rocks
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry-frozen
frozen_comment: >35cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On the narrow bouldery ridge between Mt Andrews and Mt Danforth on a lower small peak on the ridge crest

geological_setting:
  A complex of rock types is present on the ridge surface; dark volcanics, granites and quartz outcrops

soil_parent_matterial:
  Fragmented dark volcanic rock possibly of the Wyatt Formation; soil material is only between rock outcrops

surface_weathering:
  Rock outcrops are strongly stained with alteration to >1cm; rocks are dominantly angular; some salts between rock fragments but none beneath surface clasts


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/19
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_comment: 8
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery till with predominantly biotite granite
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Few snow patches and no snow thaw observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Subdued patterned ground with cracks filled with exfoliated and crumbled granite
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen over ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 40cm
description:
  North of a saddle on a ridge to the NE of Mt Zanuck; an old high and broad sloping moraine surface with patterned ground

geological_setting:
  Rocks on Mt Zanuck are mainly granites, some with very coarse feldspar crystals; on the high altitude northern slopes old cirque basins have till deposits, possibly lateral or terminal moraine, which appear to have remained undisturbed; subsequent glacial activity seems to have trimmed the lower slopes of the Zanuck massif

surface_weathering:
  Exfoliation and disaggregation has exposed large feldspar crystals (up to 8cm); distinct surface staining on boulders but no cavernous weathering; some slight ventifaction

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/19
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_comment: 3
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till with some dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Patchy snow cover is present but no thawing observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen over hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  On the north side of Mt Zanuck in a basin surface in a shallow saddle; a deposit of till lying in the saddle on one of the main north sloping ridges from Mt Zanuck

geological_setting:
  The saddle is part of an old dissection system; the till is old and represents an old high ice level in the Scott Glacier; it has some dolerite erratics which must have been derived from a distant source as no dolerite outcrops were observed on Mt Zanuck; granite outcrops on local ridges

surface_weathering:
  Physical disintegration and crumbling of surface boulders is well advanced; there is strong cavernous weathering and deflation in outcrops on an adjacent ridge; the till surface is probably not significantly deflated because of the existence of erratics; surface boulder are reduced to ground level; salts form a distinct crust beneath surface boulders

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/19
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SW
slope_comment: 15
soil_parent_matterial: Accumulated fine debris from granitic rocks
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Patchy snow cover is present but no thawing observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >35cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On a moderately steep ridge surface amongst rocks, leading to the low peak of Mt Zanuck about 75m below the summit; in places on the ridge, patches of soil with fine material between bedrock outcrops, are present

geological_setting:
  The rocks are granites with fracturing along joint planes; fine material, derived either from wind blown accumulation or from insitu fragmentation has accumulated in clefts in the bedrock

surface_weathering:
  Appreciable staining on adjacent rock outcrops but no cavernous weathering; rock fragmentation by splitting along joint planes; salts present beneath some surface boulders and along rock fracture faces


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/19
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_comment: 20
geological_setting: Dark coloured amphibolite rock outcrop and disaggregated material
soil_parent_matterial: Weathering detritus from local outcrop of dark coloured amphibole
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Patchy snow cover is present but no thawing observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Dark coloured surface rocks
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  On a steep south facing ridge about 4km east of Mt Zanuck; between the saddle and the snow slope below


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/26
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_comment: 7
soil_parent_matterial: Fragmented granitic detritus accumulated between rock outcrops with some fragments of dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >20cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  At the northern end of the Organ Pipes Peaks on a granite outcrops forming low hills at the entrance of the Zanuck Basin; approximately 150m above the glacier level

geological_setting:
  The Organ Pipes form a ridge of spectacular peaks from granite intrusives; glacial retreat has left a small amount of till

soil_moisture_status:
  Patchy snow cover is present; the soil surface is slightly crusty suggesting some occasional soil moistening

surface_weathering:
  On lower slopes at the edge of the ice, the rocks are fresh and unweathered but at higher elevation there is distinct signs of surface weathering;


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/27
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_comment: 34
soil_parent_matterial: Silty till from predominantly granitic rocks
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Patchy snow cover is present; the soil was slightly damp
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 37cm
description:
  On a south facing valley side in a valley just north of Cox Peaks; on the lower slopes of the valley side on a steep scree slope, about 75m above the valley floor

geological_setting:
  Argillaceous sediments and volcanic and acid volcanic rocks, comprising conglomerates and breccias and intruded by granites occur in the area; the valley was formerly invaded by Ross Ice Shelf ice which entered the mouth to a level of around 1550m; subsequent retreat has left younger lower altitude surfaces which are distinctly demarcated from higher elevation surfaces; the steep slopes have scree-like granitic till deposits from the retreating and lowering ice

surface_weathering:
  The surface is unstable if disturbed but there are no debris cones at the base of the slope; most boulders are rounded and have some light surface staining

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp & Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery granitic till with occasional dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Surface boulders show some weak staining; minor exfoliation; few diffuse salts beneath some clasts
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >65cm
description:
  Eastern end of the Cox Peaks range in a small NE trending hanging valley, about 150m above the ice level, on the valley floor and on a small moraine ridge;

geological_setting:
  Argillaceous sediments and volcanic and acid volcanic rocks, comprising conglomerates and breccias and intruded by granites occur in the area; the valley was formerly invaded by Ross Ice Shelf ice which entered the Cox Peaks basin to level of around 1550m; the hanging valleys are part of a former landscape that has been invaded by later ice advances; ice has retreated out of the valley leaving older soils and deposits at higher levels

soil_moisture_status:
  Scattered snow patches but no liquid thaw observed; probably some occasional surface soil moistening

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_comment: 6
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery granitic till with dolerite and argillaceous erratics
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3/4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >90cm
description:
  Eastern end of the Cox Peaks range in a small NE trending hanging valley, about 300m above the ice level, towards the head of the valley a higher level moraine sloping surface;

geological_setting:
  Argillaceous sediments and volcanic and acid volcanic rocks, comprising conglomerates and breccias and intruded by granites occur in the area; the valley was formerly invaded by Ross Ice Shelf ice which entered the Cox Peaks basin to level of around 1550m; the hanging valleys are part of a former landscape that has been invaded by later ice advances; this till has more erratics and represents a different ice event

soil_moisture_status:
  Scattered snow patches but no liquid thaw observed; probably some occasional surface soil moistening

surface_weathering:
  Distinct surface staining with reduction of surface boulders by weathering; some exfoliation and cavernous weathering; some salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/28
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >45cm
description:
  Eastern end of the Cox Peaks range in a small NE trending hanging valley, about 400m above the ice level, towards the head of the valley a higher shoulder surface near the head of the valley

geological_setting:
  Argillaceous sediments and volcanic and acid volcanic rocks, comprising conglomerates and breccias and intruded by granites occur in the area; the valley was formerly invaded by Ross Ice Shelf ice which entered the Cox Peaks basin to level of around 1550m; the hanging valleys are part of a former landscape that has been invaded by later ice advances; the till here is thin and patchy with deflated bedrock in places

soil_moisture_status:
  Scattered snow patches but no liquid thaw observed; probably some occasional surface soil moistening

surface_weathering:
  Distinct surface staining on granite boulders; few upstanding boulders and a distinct pavement; bedrock reduced to low mounds; exfoliation and cavernous weathering; some salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/28
authors: IBC,GGC/BCW,HRK
field_samples: Yes
description: Center of the Cox Peaks range on a peak forming the main ridge
altitude_unit: m
geological_setting: An occurrance of dark coloured acid volcanics
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated dark volcanic rock
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
surface_weathering:
  As in several other locations, occurrances of dark volcanics have distinctive yellow coloured soil associated


reason: Salts examination
observation_date: 1969/12/29
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
description: From a saddle on a range to the north of the Cox Peaks, approximately 11.5km east of Mt Crockett
altitude_unit: m
geological_setting: A granite outcrop with scattered dark coloured rocks
soil_parent_matterial: Weathering granite and dark coloured rocks
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
surface_weathering:
  The soil is not strongly weathered but salts are present and occur as encrustations especially beneath dark coloured rocks


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/29
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 12
geological_setting: Granite bedrock outcrops nearby with scattered surface boulders forming a thin patchy drift cover
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic slope debris and weathered material infilling spaces between bedrock boulders
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4/5
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >30cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Near the summit of a peak on a ridge, immediately north of the Cox Peaks; an even sloping surface 5m below a snow patch and adjacent to granite rock outcrops

soil_moisture_status:
  Adjacent snow patch but no direct thaw or water runoff; some thawing of snow observed adjacent to some darker rocks

surface_weathering:
  Strong exfoliation of surface boulders which are well rounded and crumbly and stained; surface soil layer is crumbly exfoliate overlying well weathered finer material; extensive salt encrustations beneath some clasts;


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/31
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_comment: 15
soil_parent_matterial: Mixed slope debris from coarse dark argillaceous sediments,
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Some soil thaw with damp patches
biological_activity: Scattered yellow lichen
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard frozen
frozen_comment: 30cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Near the summit of a peak on a ridge on the Cox Peaks range, about 10km WSW from Mt Crockett; adjacent to a steep rock outcrop

geological_setting:
  Argillaceous sediments, dark Precambrian acid volcanics and granites occur in the Cox Peaks range; the sediments are intruded by granites

surface_weathering:
  Dark rocks have distinct surface staining and are mainly angular with fragmentation into flaggy forms; scattered salts are present


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1969/12/31
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_comment: 22
soil_parent_matterial: Fragmented dark acid volcanic rock in fractured bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Near the summit of a peak on a ridge on the Cox Peaks range, about 10km WSW from Mt Crockett, a small ledge on a steep slope adjacent to and just below a steep rock outcrop

geological_setting:
  Argillaceous sediments, dark Precambrian acid volcanics and granites occur in the Cox Peaks range; the sediments are intruded by granites

soil_moisture_status:
  Adjacent snow pockets; adjacent snow thaw on surfaces of some dark coloured rocks and melt water in a few rock hollows

surface_weathering:
  Rocks are fragmented into flattish flaggy forms; there is distinct staining on many rock surfaces and salt accumulations beneath some boulders


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/01
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp & Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_comment: 5
soil_parent_matterial: Recent bouldery till from predominantly granitic overlying stagnant ice
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Polygons up to 4m with cracks snow filled
surface_weathering: Surface boulders unweathered and subangular to subrounded
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant ice
frozen_comment: 35cm
description:
  Just north of the Cox Peaks and 10km east of Mt Crockett on a low moraine surface formed between the retreating Scott Glacier ice and the local ice tongue just north of the Cox Peaks; on an undulating recent till covered surface

geological_setting:
  Recent moraine and tills have been deposited due to ice separation in two directions in the direction of the Scott Glacier and the valley head; the tills are forming through recent and ongoing ice ablation; the landscape is mobile with kettle holes developing, being infilled with sliding debris and forming inverted sediment cones

soil_moisture_status:
  Patchy snow in hollows and patterned ground cracks; meltwater pools are common and scattered small frozen lakes exposed ice at the base of the soil thaws quickly

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/01
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_comment: 5
soil_parent_matterial: Recent bouldery till from predominantly granitic overlying stagnant ice
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Polygons up to 4m with cracks snow filled
surface_weathering: Surface boulders unweathered and subangular to subrounded
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant ice
frozen_comment: 25cm
description:
  Just north of the Cox Peaks and 10km east of Mt Crockett on a low moraine surface formed between the retreating Scott Glacier ice and the local ice tongue just north of the Cox Peaks; on a lower altitude part of the till surface

geological_setting:
  Recent moraine and tills have been deposited due to ice separation in two directions in the direction of the Scott Glacier and the valley head; the tills are forming through recent and ongoing ice ablation; the landscape is mobile with kettle holes developing, being infilled with sliding debris and forming inverted sediment cones; where the till mantle is thinner, it is probably younger

soil_moisture_status:
  Patchy snow in hollows and patterned ground cracks; meltwater pools are common and scattered small frozen lakes exposed ice at the base of the soil thaws quickly; the soil is moist in patches

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Biological sample
observation_date: 1970/01/01
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: No
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Recent bouldery till from predominantly granitic overlying stagnant ice
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Wet soils adjacent to ponds and small stream flows
biological_activity: Nil observed but sample yielded bacteria and algae
patterned_ground: Polygons up to 4m with cracks snow filled
surface_weathering: Surface boulders unweathered and subangular to subrounded
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_type: Stagnant ice
description:
  Just north of the Cox Peaks and 10km east of Mt Crockett on a low moraine surface formed between the retreating Scott Glacier ice and the local ice tongue just north of the Cox Peaks; on a lower altitude part of the till surface at a moist site adjacent to a small pond

geological_setting:
  Recent moraine and tills have been deposited due to ice separation in two directions in the direction of the Scott Glacier and the valley head; the tills are forming through recent and ongoing ice ablation; the landscape is mobile with kettle holes developing, being infilled with sliding debris and forming inverted sediment cones; soils are moist in the vicinity of the kettle holes and water flows

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
geological_setting: The rocks are medium to fine grained granite with little till;
soil_parent_matterial: Granite exfoliate accumulated in hollows and clefts
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: No water observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >20cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  At the southern end of Taylor Ridge, on a small rocky peak overlooking and immediately adjacent to the Scott Glacier

surface_weathering:
  The bedrock exposure has very strong cavernous weathering with up to 1.2m of rock removed; surface oxidation is well developed especially on north facing surfaces; exfoliation is the main weathering process


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 4
geological_setting: The local rocks are medium to fine grained granite; thin patchy till overlies bedrock
soil_parent_matterial: Thin granitic till with occasional schist over crumbly granite bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: No water observed but soils are moist in patches after recent snowfall
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >30cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  At the southern end of Taylor Ridge, at the upper (eastern end) of a westward sloping terrain comprising a sequence of glacial retreat surfaces of differing age; a shoulder surface

surface_weathering:
  Distinct staining of surface clasts; thick salt accumulations beneath some rocks; some clasts crumbly but others fresh; most surface clasts well rounded


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 5
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till with occasional dolerite and other rock types
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: No water observed but soils are moist in patches after recent snowfall
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >55cm
description:
  At the southern end of Taylor Ridge, at the upper (eastern end) of a westward sloping terrain comprising a sequence of glacial retreat surfaces of differing age; an intermediate shoulder with a broad flattish surface; this site is beneath a 0.5m x 0.3m granitic boulder with an underlying salt layer

geological_setting:
  The local rocks are medium to fine grained granite; thin patchy till overlies bedrock at higher altitude but the till cover is more continuous at lower altitude with several distinctive moraine loops

surface_weathering:
  Some cavernous weathering of boulders and exposed local rock outcrops; surface boulders generally well rounded with weathering through exfoliation; darker rocks fragmenting through thermal disaggregation; staining generally on upper sides of boulders only

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 2
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: No water observed but soils are moist in patches after recent snowfall
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >60cm
description:
  At the southern end of Taylor Ridge, at the upper (eastern end) of a westward sloping terrain comprising a sequence of glacial retreat surfaces of differing age; an intermediate broad and flattish shoulder surface; this site is alongside site 274 but without a surface boulder cover and a salt horizon

geological_setting:
  The local rocks are medium to fine grained granite; thin patchy till overlies bedrock at higher altitude but the till cover is more continuous at lower altitude with several distinctive moraine loops

soil_parent_matterial:
  Granitic till with occasional dolerite and other rock types; this profile has no surface boulder cover

surface_weathering:
  Some cavernous weathering of boulders and exposed local rock outcrops; surface boulders generally well rounded with weathering through exfoliation; darker rocks fragmenting through thermal disaggregation; staining generally on upper sides of boulders only

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Salts examination
observation_date: 1970/01/03
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_comment: 2
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till with occasional dolerite and other rock types
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: No water observed but soils are moist in patches after recent snowfall
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
description:
  At the southern end of Taylor Ridge, at the upper (eastern end) of a westward sloping terrain comprising a sequence of glacial retreat surfaces of differing age; an intermediate broad and flattish shoulder surface; this site is alongside site 274 and 275 and the salts were collected from beneath a range of surface rocks

geological_setting:
  The local rocks are medium to fine grained granite; thin patchy till overlies bedrock at higher altitude but the till cover is more continuous at lower altitude with several distinctive moraine loops; some dolerite, schist and other rock types are present

surface_weathering:
  Some cavernous weathering of boulders and exposed local rock outcrops; surface boulders generally well rounded with weathering through exfoliation; darker rocks fragmenting through thermal disaggregation; staining generally on upper sides of boulders only; salts beneath some surface boulders and boulders of differing rock types

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 10o
soil_parent_matterial: Dominantly granitic till with some dolerite over more oxidised silty till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: No water observed but soils are moist in patches after recent snowfall
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Small boulders and pebbles with minor surface staining and a generally fresh appearance
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >35cm
description:
  At the southern end of Taylor Ridge, at the lower (western end) of a westward sloping terrain comprising a sequence of glacial retreat surfaces of differing age; a lower level moraine surface

geological_setting:
  The local rocks are medium to fine grained granite but the till contains some dolerite indicating a more distant source; at this site younger till appears to overlie more weathered material and indicates that there have been successive stages of glacial advance and retreat

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 18o
soil_parent_matterial: Thin gravelly till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: No water observed, snow patches nearby which probably thaw
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Some surface staining of bedrock exposures
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 15cm
description:
  At the southern end of Taylor Ridge, at the lower (western end) of a westward sloping terrain comprising a sequence of glacial retreat surfaces of differing age; a low level surface with bare areas separated by large snow patches, approximately 50m above the basin ice sheet

geological_setting:
  The local rocks are medium to fine grained granite but the till contains some dolerite and gneiss indicating a more distant source; this site at the lowest altitude is the most recently exposed glacial retreat surface

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Salt examination
observation_date: 1970/01/07
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery bedrock surface
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Some water observed in rock hollows
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Felsenmeer surface formed by freeze-thaw activity
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  Approximately 3 km north of Mt Nelson on a high bench surface on the south side of the Koerwitz Glacier; an old felsenmeer surface

geological_setting:
  Moraines on elevated surfaces to the south of Koerwitz Glacier show distinct age differences between the lower and higher altitude surfaces; the younger moraines clearly show signs of a re-advance of ice from the north; granites still predominate as the local rocks

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/07
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic bouldery sandy gravel
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 35cm
description:
  Approximately 3 km north of Mt Nelson on a high bench surface on the south side of the Koerwitz Glacier; an old moraine surface near the Mt Nelson ice tongue

geological_setting:
  Moraines on elevated surfaces to the south of Koerwitz Glacier show distinct age differences between the lower and higher altitude surfaces; the younger moraines clearly show signs of a re-advance of ice from the north; granites predominate as the local rocks; the till is probably locally derived; closer to the Mt Nelson ice tongue, the surface is possibly younger than that further away indicating that the age differences may be due to the retreat of the Mt Nelson ice tongue

soil_moisture_status:
  Some water observed in rock hollows; thaw water on some rock surfaces; soils moist in patches adjacent to some boulders; snow drift patches thawing at edges

surface_weathering:
  Some boulders up to 4m with solution grooving on sides; some smaller boulders also with small solution groove channels; surface exfoliation is marked; ventifaction is distinct; some polish on dark rocks; salts in places below surface boulders

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/07
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp & Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic bouldery sandy gravel
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3/4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 33cm
description:
  Approximately 4 km north of Mt Nelson on a high bench surface on the south side of the Koerwitz Glacier; an old moraine surface near the Mt Nelson ice tongue

geological_setting:
  Moraines on elevated surfaces to the south of Koerwitz Glacier show distinct age differences between the lower and higher altitude surfaces; the younger moraines clearly show signs of a re-advance of ice from the north; granites predominates but some dolerite, schist and dark metavolcanic rocks are present; this surface appears a little older than the site for 280

soil_moisture_status:
  Some water observed in rock hollows; thaw water on some rock surfaces; soils moist in patches adjacent to some boulders; snow drift patches thawing at edges

surface_weathering:
  Some surface deflation; coarse grained granitic rocks well crumbled; dark fine grained rocks with distinct polish; some ventiforms

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/07
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic bouldery sandy gravel
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3/4
description:
  Approximately 4 km north of Mt Nelson on a high bench surface on the south side of the Koerwitz Glacier; an old moraine surface near the Mt Nelson ice tongue; this sample is from an adjacent moist site and beneath a boulder with no salt accumulation

geological_setting:
  Moraines on elevated surfaces to the south of Koerwitz Glacier show distinct age differences between the lower and higher altitude surfaces; the younger moraines clearly show signs of a re-advance of ice from the north; granites predominates but some dolerite, schist and dark metavolcanic rocks are present; this surface appears a little older than the site for 280

soil_moisture_status:
  Some water observed in rock hollows; thaw water on some rock surfaces; soils moist in patches adjacent to some boulders; moist soil around and beneath a surface boulder

surface_weathering:
  Some surface deflation; coarse grained granitic rocks well crumbled; dark fine grained rocks with distinct polish; some ventiforms

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/07
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: o0
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic bouldery sandy gravel till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Moderately developed broad nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 40cm
description:
  Approximately 4 km north of Mt Nelson on a high bench surface on the south side of the Koerwitz Glacier; an extensive flattish somewhat younger moraine sheet surface about 4km north of Mt Nelson

geological_setting:
  Moraines on elevated surfaces to the south of Koerwitz Glacier show distinct age differences between the lower and higher altitude surfaces; the younger moraines clearly show signs of a re-advance of ice from the north; granites predominates but some dolerite, schist and dark metavolcanic rocks are present; this surface appears less weathered than for site 281

soil_moisture_status:
  Some water observed in rock hollows; thaw water on some rock surfaces; thawing at edges of some snow patches; soils are moist in patches adjacent to some boulders

surface_weathering:
  No ventiforms or cavernous weathering; weak exfoliation; boulders up to 2m; little salt beneath surface stones; staining weak

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/07
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 13o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic bouldery sandy gravel till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Moderately developed broad nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 23cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Approximately 4 km north of Mt Nelson on a high bench surface on the south side of the Koerwitz Glacier; an extensive flattish somewhat younger moraine sheet surface about 4km north of Mt Nelson

geological_setting:
  The lower altitude area of the moraine sheet appears to have the least weathering features; ice retreat has been in a northwards direction; the till is predominantly granitic but dark crystalline rocks are present

soil_moisture_status:
  Some water observed in rock hollows and icicles present on shaded sides of some rocks; thawing at edges of some snow patches; the soil is moist through out, at the surface from snow melt and at the base from seasonal thaw

surface_weathering:
  Boulders are dominantly fresh with little staining or disintegration; no cavernous weathering, no salts beneath surface stones


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 7o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till with some dolerite, Beacon Group rocks and marble
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
biological_activity: Lichen and algae observed in the general area
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 35cm
description:
  Mt Rigby at the northwest side of the mouth of the Robert Scott Glacier; low undulating hills at the northern end where rock outcrops widely with intermittent cover of till; a sloping site on a patch of till

geological_setting:
  Rocks of this area include granites and a series of metsedimentary rocks; at Mt Rigby the rocks are mainly granites but the landscape has an old appearance which has been inundated by later ice advances, most probably from an expanded and grounded Ross Ice Shelf

soil_moisture_status:
  Scattered snow patches with thaw water on adjacent rock surfaces; some water in pools adjacent to ice edges

surface_weathering:
  Rock outcrops have strong surface oxidation; cavernous weathering is well developed but caverns are in places filled with younger till deposits, indicating the weathering is fossil; powdery salts efflorescences occur beneath some surface stones; little polish on dark coloured rocks; dolerite strongly stained and some granite boulders crumbly

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic till with some dolerite, Beacon Group rocks and marble
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow patches; some water in pools adjacent to ice edges; occasional snow thaw patches
biological_activity: Lichen and algae observed in the general area
patterned_ground: Weakly developed nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 40cm
description:
  Mt Rigby at the northwest side of the mouth of the Robert Scott Glacier; low undulating hills at the northern end where rock outcrops widely with intermittent cover of till; a west sloping lower altitude site on the southern slopes of Mt Rigby

geological_setting:
  Rocks of this area include granites and a series of metsedimentary rocks; at Mt Rigby the rocks are mainly granites but the landscape has an old appearance on the higher surfaces which have been inundated by later ice advances, most probably from an expanded and grounded Ross Ice Shelf; lower level surfaces are less weathered

surface_weathering:
  Rock outcrops have some surface oxidation; cavernous weathering in places but filled with younger till deposits, indicating the weathering is fossil; staining on till boulders is weak; scattered salts beneath some surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Biological sample
observation_date: 1970/01/10
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: No
description: recent moraine depossits alongside glacial ice
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Recent glacial moraine
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
biological_activity: Lichens and algae observed; some bacteria recorded in soil samples
surface_weathering: Surface unweathered
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
geological_setting:
  Rocks of this area include granites and a series of metsedimentary rocks; at Mt Rigby the rocks are mainly granites but the landscape has an old appearance on the higher surfaces which have been inundated by later ice advances, most probably from an expanded and grounded; moraine alongside glacial ice is very recent

soil_moisture_status:
  Scattered snow patches; some water in pools adjacent to ice edges; occasional snow thaw patches and moist soils

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/11
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: WSW
slope_comment: 5
geological_setting: Rocks in the area are granites and metasedimentary rocks that are metamorphosed and granitised
soil_parent_matterial: Dominantly granitic till with minor gneiss and hornfels
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: extensive snow patches with localised thawing; soils are moist
biological_activity: Nil observed but lichens and soil organisms common in the area
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 25cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  12km West of Mt Rigby in a pass in the Medina Range; the site is on an undulating knoll about 50m above the saddle

surface_weathering:
  Oxidised bedrock outcrops but soil surface relatively young; whitish salt efflorescences on rock surfaces


reason: Biological sample
observation_date: 1970/01/12
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: No
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Dominantly granitic till with minor gneiss and hornfels
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry site
biological_activity: Lichens observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Surface bedrock exposures have distinctly oxidised surfaces
previous_disturbance: Nil
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Coastal hills between the Robert Scott Glacier and the Amundsen Glacier; at O'Brien Peak near the top; a rocky surface with small pockets of till between rock outcrops

geological_setting:
  O'Brien Peak area has a complex and variable sequence of rocks including metasedimentary quartzite, marbles, schists, and granitised sediments


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/12
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: Cs Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Pebbly to bouldery till, mainly granitic
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: No adjacent snow patches and the soil is dry
biological_activity: Lichens in the general area and also soil organisms
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Weak surface staining on boulders and no significant salt accumulations
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >60cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Coastal hills between the Robert Scott Glacier and the Amundsen Glacier; to the east of O'Brien Peak near a saddle in the ridge and about 30m below the ridge

geological_setting:
  O'Brien Peak area has a complex and variable sequence of rocks including metasedimentary quartzite, marbles, schists, and granitised sediments; patchy till is present with the till at lower altitude appearing less weathered than at higher altitude


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/12
authors: BCW/HRK;IBC,GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: Feeney Peak
altitude_unit: m
soil_parent_matterial: Silty till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
previous_disturbance: Nil
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
geological_setting:
  The area has a complex and variable sequence of rocks including metasedimentary quartzite, marbles, schists, and granitised sediments


reason: Biological examination
observation_date: 1970/01/14
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: No
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Thin till cover with granitic bedrock with some feldsitic rocks
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: The soils are very moist from thawing snow patches
biological_activity: Black lichen growing abundantly on rock and soil surfaces
previous_disturbance: Nil
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Brown Peaks on the eastern side of the Amundsen Glacier, at the northern end; from a site on the ridge crest

geological_setting:
  The area has a complex and variable sequence of rocks including metasedimentary quartzite, marbles, schists, and granitised sediments; the rocks at this site are dominantly granitic

surface_weathering:
  Surface rocks are strongly oxidised and well stained; also crumbly; some local solifluction; weathering may be relict


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/14
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Thin till cover with granitic bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: The soils are very moist from thawing snow patches
biological_activity: Black lichen growing abundantly on rock and soil surfaces Soil sampled underneath lichen occurrence
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >20cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Brown Peaks on the eastern side of the Amundsen Glacier, at the northern end; from a site on the ridge crest; the site is adjacent to site 294

geological_setting:
  The area has a complex and variable sequence of rocks including metasedimentary quartzite, marbles, schists, and granitised sediments; the rocks at this site are dominantly granitic

surface_weathering:
  Surface rocks are strongly oxidised and well stained; also crumbly; some local solifluction; weathering may be relict


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/14
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Thin till cover with granitic bedrock; granitic till with some feldsitic rocks
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: The soils are very moist from thawing snow patches
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >15cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Brown Peaks on the eastern side of the Amundsen Glacier, at the northern end; from a site on the ridge crest; the site is adjacent to site 295 but without a lichen cover

geological_setting:
  The area has a complex and variable sequence of rocks including metasedimentary quartzite, marbles, schists, and granitised sediments; the rocks at this site are dominantly granitic

biological_activity:
  Black lichen and soil micro-organisms identified in soils nearby but no lichen at the soil surface at this adjacent site

surface_weathering:
  Surface rocks are strongly oxidised and well stained; also crumbly; some local solifluction; weathering may be relict


reason: Biological examination
observation_date: 1970/01/14
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: No
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_comment: 4
soil_parent_matterial: Thin till cover with granitic bedrock; granitic till with some feldsitic rocks
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: The soils are very moist from thawing snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  Brown Peaks on the eastern side of the Amundsen Glacier, at the northern end on a low recently exposed till surface

geological_setting:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 181 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/15
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_comment: 7
soil_parent_matterial: Till from dominantly metasedimentary rock
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Soils are moist and there is much local snow thaw
biological_activity: Black lichens and other lichen species
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 7cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  McDonald Nunataks at the extreme north and east side of the Amundsen Glacier on a low recently exposed till surface towards the eastern end

geological_setting:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 181 characters]

surface_weathering:
  Rocks are partly fragmented bedrock and have insignificant weathering features; the till is very recent


reason: Salt examination
observation_date: 1970/01/15
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: Salt sample on rock
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site
biological_activity: Black lichens and other lichen species
patterned_ground: Nil but ice fractured bedrock
surface_weathering: Extensive efflorescences of calcareous salts on rock outcrop surfaces
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  McDonald Nunataks at the extreme north and east side of the Amundsen Glacier on a low recently exposed till surface towards the eastern end; a flat knoll

geological_setting:
  The area has a complex and variable sequence of rocks including metasedimentary quartzite, marbles, schists, and granitised sediments; the rocks at this site are dominantly marble


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1970/01/15
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_comment: 0
soil_parent_matterial: recent till from granite and marble; micaceous granite
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: The whole soil is moist
biological_activity: Black lichens and other lichen species in vicinity
patterned_ground: Moderately developed small nets
surface_weathering: Surface rocks unweathered; salt precipitations on the soil surface
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Western hemisphere
description:
  McDonald Nunataks at the extreme north and east side of the Amundsen Glacier on a low recently exposed till surface towards the eastern end; a flat knoll

geological_setting:
  The area has a complex and variable sequence of rocks including metasedimentary quartzite, marbles, schists, and granitised sediments; the rocks at this site are granite and marble


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1972/11/14
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 30o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic gravel over older schistose gravel till, possibly as slope drift or solifluct
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Soil dry but evidence of wetness; adjacent snow pockets and periodic summer snowfall
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Minor solifluction terracetts
surface_weathering: A few fine surface salt encrustations and carbonate coatings
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 65cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the south side of Taylor Valley, approximately 4km SE of the Commonwealth Glacier at the eastern end of the Kukri Hills; on a lower steep slope about 100m above the valley floor

geological_setting:
  Basement complex schistose and granite rocks outcrop on valley side thin drift from Late Pleistocene Ross Glaciation ice advances into the valley partly covers the slopes;


reason: Soil characterisation
observation_date: 1972/11/14
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: A damp site occasionally moistened by running water
biological_activity: Small moss patches
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >4cm
description:
  On the south side of Taylor Valley, approximately 3.5km SE of the Commonwealth Glacier on a gently sloping gully floor surface alongside Wales Stream; sample from beneath a small moss patch

geological_setting:
  Lower Taylor Valley tills are derived from the Ross Glaciation which originated from the expanded Ross Ice Shelf; the tills contain Kenyite from outside the immediate area; subsequent to the glacial retreat there has been some landform modification by proglacial stream action etc

soil_parent_matterial:
  Sandy gravel stream sediment from reworked Late last Glaciation till with organic material from moss

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Salt characterisation
observation_date: 1972/11/15
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy to bouldery gravel till
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Soils are dry with little evidence of liquid water
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Salt efflorescences from beneath surface stones; the soil is soft
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  On the south side of Taylor Valley, approximately 3km east of Lake Bonney opposite La Croix Glacier on a knoll on undulating terrain

geological_setting:
  Glacial deposits in the area are formed from a complex interaction of advances from the Taylor Glacier with nearby alpine glaciers; granitic rocks are common nearby intruded by dolerite but there are also numerous small volcanic cones which post-date glacial episodes

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil Characterisation
observation_date: 1972/11/15
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: West
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Older sandy cobbly till from mainly granitic rocks with some dolerite and dark volcanic rocks
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Soils are dry with little evidence of liquid water; no adjacent now patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: 120cm; >120cm
description:
  On the south side of Taylor Valley, approximately 3km east of Lake Bonney opposite La Croix Glacier; on the crest of a moraine ridge located below a bedrock exposure with black dyke rocks

geological_setting:
  Glacial deposits in the area are formed from a complex interaction of advances from the Taylor Glacier with nearby alpine glaciers; granitic rocks are common and intruded by dolerite and dyke rocks but there are also numerous small volcanic cones which post-date glacial episodes

surface_weathering:
  A predominantly cobble/pebble pavement with rounding of the scattered surface small boulders; some granular disaggregation with some boulders completely crumbled; occasional large boulders up to 3m have strong cavernous weathering with sculptured forms; meany clasts distinctly stained; some moderately developed ventiforms

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil Characterisation
observation_date: 1972/11/15
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 20o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic sandy bouldery moraine with surficial basaltic scoria
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Soils are dry with little evidence of liquid water; no adjacent now patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >90cm
description:
  On the south side of Taylor Valley, approximately 3km east of Lake Bonney opposite La Croix Glacier; on a broad but smooth sloping bouldery ridge surface, 20m higher and to the north of site 304 and 200m from basalt cones

geological_setting:
  Glacial deposits in the area are formed from a complex interaction of advances from the Taylor Glacier with nearby alpine glaciers; granitic rocks are common and intruded by dolerite and dyke rocks but there are also numerous small volcanic cones which post-date glacial episodes; volcanic debris appears to lie on the surface but may not be within the soil, which would make the soil older than the volcanics; the volcanic detritus may have been distributed glacially from adjacent alpine glaciers, judged by the particle size

surface_weathering:
  Large surface granitic boulders with strong cavernous weathering; some coarse grained granites strongly crumbled; darker volcanic rocks have a fresher appearance and are subrounded to subangular

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil Characterisation
observation_date: 1972/11/15
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W+CS Pro & CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic sandy bouldery moraine with surficial basaltic scoria
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site but small snow patches in the vicinity
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >70cm
description:
  On the south side of Taylor Valley, approximately 3km east of Lake Bonney opposite La Croix Glacier; on a broad uneven gently sloping surface, about 200m N of a basalt cone; the till cover thins with bedrock exposures 30m to the south

geological_setting:
  Glacial deposits in the area are formed from a complex interaction of advances from the Taylor Glacier with nearby alpine glaciers; granitic rocks are common and intruded by dolerite and dyke rocks but there are also numerous small volcanic cones which post-date glacial episodes; surface volcanic debris is much smaller than at site 305 and may not have been transported by ice; the volcanic material appears to lie on the surface but may not be within the soil, which would make the soil older than the volcanics

surface_weathering:
  A few large adjacent 2m boulders with some cavernous weathering, surface boulders with distinct staining, rounding and some exfoliation; the pavement between larger clasts is mainly fine gravelly and moderately developed

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Salts examination
observation_date: 1972/11/15
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: A gully, approximately 2km east from the NE end of Lake Bonney with surface salts precipitation
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_parent_matterial: sandy gravel
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry site
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Surface salt precipitation
previous_disturbance: Nil
geological_setting:
  Glacial deposits in the area are formed from a complex interaction of advances from the Taylor Glacier with nearby alpine glaciers; granitic rocks are common and intruded by dolerite and dyke rocks but there are also numerous small volcanic cones which post-date glacial episodes; some shallow gullies mark the sites of ephemeral past water flows from thaw waters from the Marr Glacier; occasional surface salt precipitations may be due to evaporation of excess water

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/18
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 1o
soil_parent_matterial: Black volcanic scoria forming a cinder cone with inclusions of bedrock granite
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site; greater absorption of solar radiation results in warmer and drier soils at these sites
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >50cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Approximately 2.75km NW from the NE end of Lake Bonney, near the Matterhorn; at the edge of a small volcanic cone above a till covered bench

geological_setting:
  Volcanic cones occur in numerous places in Taylor Valley and range in age to 3.2my; they provide dating benchmarks for the glacial events as they postdate some glacial episodes; the volcanic deposits are principally small scoria cones rather than flows

surface_weathering:
  The scoria is fragmented mainly pebble to cobble sized and subrounded to subangular with little surface weathering features; some small granite boulder erratics have probably been transported by adjacent glaciers; salts beneath some surface stones


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/18
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Granitic bouldery sandy till with some dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site with no adjunct snow patches or evidence of snow thaw
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >60cm
description:
  Approximately 2.8km NW from the NE end of Lake Bonney, and 1km SE of Matterhorn; on a till covered uneven bench surface; a small gravelly patch in a bouldery surface; on the west side of a low mound 20m from the crest

geological_setting:
  Granite outcrops in nearby exposures along with dolerite intrusives; although the surface is close to the La Croix and Matterhorn Glaciers, weathering features indicate an advanced age for the surface; the till is probably from the Matterhorn Glacier

surface_weathering:
  Some large upstanding granite boulders (2-3m length) with weak cavernous weathering and sculptured forms; surface boulders dominantly subrounded to rounded, some granites crumbling but others with oxidised and case hardened surfaces; a well developed pebble/cobble pavement between boulders with weak ventiforms and some pitting

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/18
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 30o
geological_setting: Dolerite outcrops on the higher surfaces of the Matterhorn
soil_parent_matterial: Doleritic slope detritus from medium grained dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site with no adjunct snow patches or evidence of snow thaw
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >30cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  Approximately 3.5km NW from the NE end of Lake Bonney, and .5km SE of Matterhorn; on a steep debris slope below a dolerite outcrop

surface_weathering:
  Granite on outcrop surfaces below shows honeycomb cavernous weathering with distinct patchy oxidation; The dolerite exhibits some minor cavernous weathering and has patchy but strong surface oxidation


reason: Salt examination
observation_date: 1972/11/18
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
description: Approximately 1km W from the NE end of Lake Bonney in a gully
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 7o
soil_parent_matterial: Surface salt sample only
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Site possibly influenced by periodic water flows
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Rounded surface boulders
previous_disturbance: Nil
geological_setting:
  Rocks of the area are granite and dolerite and there is a complex glacial history; some small gullies are formed below a few of the alpine glaciers as a result of water flows during thawing and recessional stages; rounded boulders in the gullies indicate that water flows in the past may have been significant; the gullies now accumulate snow which adds to the capacity for thaw stream flow

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/19
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS+B&W Lsc & Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy to silty gravelly till
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Surface dry with damp patches; dampness may be influenced by soil salinity
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 55cm
description:
  On the north side of Lake Bonney on the lower valley surface between Matterhorn and La Croix Glaciers on a broad sloping gravelly surface with patches of damp ground surface; approximately .5km from the NE end of Lake Bonney; the soil was sampled at the left side of the exposed pit and soil 313 1m away on the right side where the soil was damp

geological_setting:
  The lower valley sides are covered with tills derived from local granite and dolerite; The valley has a complex history of glacial advances and retreats and probably also fluctuating lake levels; patches of ground with apparently moist soil surfaces suggest the possibility of subsurface moisture flow but there is little evidence for this; the moist patches may relate to salinity differences within the regolith and hygroscopic moistening of salty soils

surface_weathering:
  Scattered upstanding dolerite boulders, rounded to subrounded, some partly fragmented, non to weakly stained; weakly to moderately developed pebble pavement; granite boulders exfoliating and crumbling; a weakly developed cobble pavement

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/19
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS+B&W Lsc & Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy to silty gravel, moist patch
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Surface dry with damp patches; dampness may be influenced by soil salinity
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 40cm
description:
  On the north side of Lake Bonney on the lower valley surface between Matterhorn and La Croix Glaciers on a broad sloping gravelly surface with patches of damp ground surface; approximately .5km from the NE end of Lake Bonney; site is 1m from site 312 where the surface soil is damp

geological_setting:
  The lower valley sides are covered with tills derived from local granite and dolerite; The valley has a complex history of glacial advances and retreats and probably also fluctuating lake levels; patches of ground with apparently moist soil surfaces suggest the possibility of subsurface moisture flow but there is little evidence for this; the moist patches may relate to salinity differences within the regolith and hygroscopic movement of moisture

surface_weathering:
  Scattered upstanding dolerite boulders, rounded to subrounded, some partly fragmented, non to weakly stained; weakly to moderately developed pebble pavement; granite boulders exfoliating and crumbling; a weakly developed cobble pavement

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/20
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 20o
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated in situ granitic bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site with no snow nearby snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen bedrock
frozen_comment: >36cm
description:
  On the SE side of Lake Bonney, approximately 1.3km S of the NE end of the lake, on a bench surface which is devoid of a till cover; the surface is an undulating bedrock surface with scattered large erratics; the soil site is on weathered granite bedrock

geological_setting:
  The granite bedrock surface, cut by occasional dolerite dykes, is undulating with minor till remnants but numerous large (up to 5m) granite erratics; the surface has probably been exposed after retreat of the local alpine glaciers which appear to have carried little debris; the surface is old judged by the cavernously weathered erratics and also bedrock weathering and disaggregation in places

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders show moderate cavernous weathering with some accompanying bedrock wind-scoop excavation; bedrock is mainly unweathered but in a few places is disaggregated to 36cm depth; smaller surface clasts are mainly harder dolerite pebbles

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/20
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS+B&W Pro & Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 20o
soil_parent_matterial: Disaggregated in situ granitic bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site with no snow nearby snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen bedrock
frozen_comment: >36cm
description:
  On the SE side of Lake Bonney, approximately 1.3km S of the NE end of the lake, on a bench surface which is devoid of a till cover; the surface is an undulating bedrock surface with scattered large erratics; the site is 2m from soil 314 and appears to be a little less weathered

geological_setting:
  The granite bedrock surface, cut by occasional dolerite dykes, is undulating with minor till remnants but numerous large (up to 5m) granite erratics; the surface has probably been exposed after retreat of the local alpine glaciers which appear to have carried little debris; the surface is old judged by the cavernously weathered erratics and also bedrock weathering and disaggregation in places

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders show moderate cavernous weathering with some accompanying bedrock wind-scoop excavation; bedrock is mainly unweathered but in a few places is disaggregated to 36cm depth; smaller surface clasts are mainly harder dolerite pebbles

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil sequence weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/20
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 10o
soil_parent_matterial: Very bouldery granitic till with minor dolerite; there may be some reworked material
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Soil is dry but moisture may be available from the adjacent glacier margin and snow apron
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil but soil may be ice cored
surface_weathering: Surface boulders are angular with little surface staining
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 5cm
description:
  On the SE side of Lake Bonney, near the snout of the Hughes Glacier and on a 2m high ridge 10m from the glacier edge; a bouldery surface which forms a proglacial gully alongside the edge of the glacier; part of a series (1st) of moraine loops marking glacial stages

geological_setting:
  Alpine glaciers show clear geomorphic evidence of former advance and retreat stages with a series of small closely spaced ridges or terminal moraines over about 100m indicating the former glacier position; weathering increases with distance away from the glacier, suggesting that there may be a considerable age difference between the moraine surfaces

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil sequence weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/20
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 10o
soil_parent_matterial: Very bouldery granitic till with minor dolerite; there may be some reworked material
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: The site is dry with no snow drift or glacier runoff
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >10cm
description:
  On the SE side of Lake Bonney, immediately adjacent to and near the snout of the Hughes Glacier; a bouldery surface which forms part of a series (2nd) of moraine loops alongside the Hughes Glacier marking glacial retreat stages; the site is on a shallow, sloping, bouldery moraine loop approximately 40m from the glacier edge

geological_setting:
  Alpine glaciers show clear geomorphic evidence of former advance and retreat stages with a series of small closely spaced ridges or terminal moraines over about 100m indicating the former glacier position; weathering increases with distance away from the glacier, suggesting that there may be a considerable age difference between the moraine surfaces; this surface is clearly more weathered than the surface nearer to the glacier

surface_weathering:
  Some boulders are up to 2m high and have slight cavernous weathering; boulder rounding, some fracturing and exfoliation are present; there is some slight surface staining

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil sequence weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/20
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 10o
soil_parent_matterial: Very bouldery granitic till with minor dolerite; there may be some reworked material
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: The site is dry with no snow drift or glacier runoff
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2/3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >30cm
description:
  On the SE side of Lake Bonney, immediately adjacent to and near the snout of the Hughes Glacier; a bouldery surface which forms part of a series (3rd) of moraine loops marking glacial stages of the Hughes Glacier; the site is on a shallow, sloping, moraine loop marked by a ridge of boulders approximately 45m from the glacier edge

geological_setting:
  Alpine glaciers show clear geomorphic evidence of former advance and retreat stages with a series of small closely spaced ridges or terminal moraines over about 100m indicating the former glacier position; weathering increases with distance away from the glacier, suggesting that there may be a considerable age difference between the moraine surfaces; this 3rd surface is clearly more weathered than the surfaces nearer to the glacier

surface_weathering:
  Boulders forming the moraine loop are dominantly 1-2m with granites showing marked cavernous weathering, rounding and slight surface staining; the pebble pavement between boulder patches is well developed

processing_notes:
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reason: Soil sequence weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/20
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 10o
soil_parent_matterial: Fine gravelly granitic till with minor dolerite; there may be some reworked material
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: The site is dry with no snow drift or glacier runoff
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: A well developed pebble pavement with distinct surface oxidation
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >30cm
description:
  On the SE side of Lake Bonney, immediately adjacent to and near the snout of the Hughes Glacier; a bouldery surface which forms part of a series (4th) of moraine loops marking glacial retreat stages; the site is in a hollow between the 3rd and 4th moraine loops which are marked by a ridge of boulders approximately 55m from the glacier edge

geological_setting:
  Alpine glaciers show clear geomorphic evidence of former advance and retreat stages with a series of small closely spaced ridges or terminal moraines over about 100m indicating the former glacier position; weathering increases with distance away from the glacier, suggesting that there may be a considerable age difference between the moraine surfaces; this 4th surface on a patch of finer till is clearly more weathered than the surfaces nearer to the glacier

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil sequence weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/20
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 10o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery granitic till
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: The site is dry with no snow drift or glacier runoff
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_comment: 35cm
description:
  On the SE side of Lake Bonney, immediately adjacent to and near the snout of the Hughes Glacier; a bouldery surface which forms part of a series (4th) of moraine loops marking glacial stages; the site is on the ridge of the 4th moraine loop which is marked by a ridge of boulders approximately 65m from the glacier edge

geological_setting:
  Alpine glaciers show clear geomorphic evidence of former advance and retreat stages with a series of small closely spaced ridges or terminal moraines over about 100m indicating the former glacier position; weathering increases with distance away from the glacier, suggesting that there may be a considerable age difference between the moraine surfaces; this 4th surface on the shallow ridge crest of the moraine loop and is clearly more weathered than the surfaces nearer to the glacier

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders medium with few upstanding; strong cavernous weathering and distinct surface staining; moraine loop surface with a subdued form

processing_notes:
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reason: Soil weathering and salt examination
observation_date: 1972/11/20
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: Cs Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 6o
soil_parent_matterial: Reddish scoria, partly disaggregated from in situ flow material
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A moist site with occasional stream flow nearby
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Weakly disaggregated bedrock with some surface salt precipitations
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
description:
  On the SE side of Lake Bonney, immediately adjacent to and near the snout of the Hughes Glacier; a bouldery gully alongside the margin of the Hughes Glacier; near the northern end at an outcrop of reddish brown scoria; approximately 15m from the glacier front

geological_setting:
  Scoria cones occur in numerous places in Taylor Valley and provide useful markers for determining ages of the glacial deposits; this small occurrence at the edge of the Hughes glacier is overlain by recent till

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/20
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Recent till from Taylor Glacier
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Presently dry but probably moistened by later lake edge thaw
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Soil material lacks weathering features but some freeze/thaw features are present
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice cemented
frozen_comment: 10cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  At the snout of Taylor Glacier at its confluence with Lake Bonney; 100m NW of Blood Falls at an exposure of recently deposited till

geological_setting:
  Till at the snout of Taylor Glacier is very recently deposited and gives a basis for making weathering comparisons with older till deposits


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/23
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W+CS Pro & Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Weathering dolerite bedrock with airborne inclusion of siliceous material from Beacon Sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry soil but some snow patches nearby; soil is probably moistened occasionally
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4/5
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >25cm
description:
  Near a dolerite knoll, about 1km W of the Rhone Glacier and 4.5km S of Taylor Glacier; a residual well weathered dolerite surface with scattered rounded bedrock outcrops separated by small flattish surfaces in between

geological_setting:
  Higher altitude surfaces west of the Rhone Glacier are very old and show strong weathering; bedrock ventiforms are present with exfoliation and wind removal of up to 1m of bedrock; erratics are absent indicating there has been no ice cover for a long time; there are local occurrences of Beacon Sandstone

surface_weathering:
  Surface dolerite boulders are probably bedrock and are well rounded; fine textured dolerite is distinctly pitted; coarse dolerite shows, surface exfoliation; distinct surface staining

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/23
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Weathering dolerite bedrock; soil from in a rock cleft
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry soil but some snow patches nearby; soil is probably moistened occasionally
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 5
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >25cm
description:
  Near a dolerite knoll, about 1km W of the Rhone Glacier and 4.5km S of Taylor Glacier; a residual well weathered dolerite surface with scattered rounded bedrock outcrops separated by small flattish surfaces in between; this site is 20m from site 323 and from a rock cleft with more strongly weathered soil

geological_setting:
  Higher altitude surfaces west of the Rhone Glacier are very old and show strong weathering; bedrock ventiforms are present with exfoliation and wind removal of up to 1m of bedrock; erratics are absent indicating there has been no ice cover for a long time; patches of more strongly weathered soil are preserved in clefts between bedrock

surface_weathering:
  Surface dolerite boulders are well rounded and fine textured dolerite is distinctly pitted; coarse dolerite shows, surface exfoliation; distinct surface staining

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Salts examination
observation_date: 1972/11/23
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Weathering dolerite bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry soil
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 5
description:
  Near a dolerite knoll, about 1km W of the Rhone Glacier and 4.5km S of Taylor Glacier; a residual well weathered dolerite surface with scattered rounded bedrock outcrops separated by small flattish surfaces in between; this site is a small gravelly hollow with a distinct salt horizon

geological_setting:
  Higher altitude surfaces west of the Rhone Glacier are very old and show strong weathering; bedrock ventiforms are present with exfoliation and wind removal of up to 1m of bedrock; erratics are absent indicating there has been no ice cover for a long time; patches of more strongly weathered soil are preserved in clefts between bedrock; salt accumulations are occasionally present

surface_weathering:
  Surface dolerite boulders are well rounded and fine textured dolerite is distinctly pitted; coarse dolerite shows, surface exfoliation; distinct surface staining; salts are present below surface clasts in nodular form

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/24
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS+B&W Lsc & Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 15o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery doleritic till with some granite and sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site with no snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >55cm
description:
  On a bench surface approximately 1.8km N of the Taylor Glacier; a broad undulating upper level bench with occasional bedrock granite outcrops

geological_setting:
  Several prominent bench surfaces above Taylor Glacier may mark former glacial erosion surfaces; weathering increases with increasing elevation; this surface has a stony till cover with few large surface boulders and the till is from predominantly dolerite

surface_weathering:
  The pavement is dominantly cobble and small boulders and moderately developed but weakly ventiform; some surface boulders are well fractured with coarser clasts showing granular disintegration; granite shows some minor cavernous weathering but strong granular disintegration; clast staining is moderate

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/24
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Mixed dolerite, granite and sandstone bouldery till
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry site but some small snow patches nearby,; no visible thawing
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >70cm
description:
  On a shallow ridge on a bench surface approximately 1.3km N of the Taylor Glacier; a broad undulating bench with occasional bedrock granite outcrops

geological_setting:
  Several prominent bench surfaces above Taylor Glacier may mark former glacial erosion surfaces; weathering increases with increasing elevation; this surface has a stony till cover with less weathering than the surfaces at higher elevation

surface_weathering:
  A moderately developed pebble/cobble boulder pavement with moderate cavernous weathering of sandstone clasts; granular surface disintegration of some coarse grained granites; some fracturing of surface dolerite clasts and weak ventiforms; some staining on sheltered surfaces but nil on exposed faces; a granite boulder at the edge of the profile has a disintegrating surface above ground and a less weathered surface below ground level

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/24
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy gravel alluvium in a saline hollow
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: A thin powdery salt crust; the surface is a fine sandy granular and pebble pavement
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 10cm
description:
  A broad flattish hollow in a stepped surface approximately 1.3km N of the Taylor Glacier; a site which probably periodically accumulates some thaw waters; the sample site is from near the centre of the hollow

geological_setting:
  Several prominent bench surfaces above Taylor Glacier may mark former glacial erosion surfaces; weathering increases with increasing elevation; the landscape is old but there are a few periodic stream flows from snow patch thaws that have resulted in some more recent sediment movement; sediment and water that accumulates in depressions results in formation of salty hollows

soil_moisture_status:
  No water present but the subsurface soil is moist possibly due to higher salinity and a depressed freezing point

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/25
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W+CS Lsc & B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Ice cored sandy bouldery gravel ablation till from mixed granite, dolerite and sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Moderately developed hummocky nets indicative of an ice core
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant glacial ice
frozen_comment: 15cm
description:
  4.5km N of Taylor Glacier and 20m from the edge of the Rhone Glacier; on the crest of a small hummocky recent lateral moraine that lies about 2m above the Rhone Glacier

geological_setting:
  The Rhone Glacier has a series of till deposits that increase in age in a SW direction away from the present glacier position; not far from the glacier edge, the till passes into till-free granite bedrock with well developed cavernous weathering; the weathering sequence suggests that there may have been little fluctuation of the Rhone Glacier from its present position

soil_moisture_status:
  A dry site but a thin (<1cm) snow fall at the surface which disappeared within 24 hours; no soil moistening; some snow lying in patterned ground cracks

surface_weathering:
  Few to many small to medium surface boulders with cobbles and pebbles; rocks mainly angular so subangular and unstained but pre-weathering on some clasts; negligible current weathering

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/27
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W+CS Lsc & Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Ice cored sandy bouldery gravel ablation till from mixed granite, dolerite and sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site some snow lying in patterned ground cracks; recent snow fall has disappeared
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed hummocky nets indicative of an ice core
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant glacial ice
frozen_comment: 35cm
description:
  4.5km N of Taylor Glacier and 250m from the edge of the Rhone Glacier; near the centre of a slightly subdued lateral moraine surface

geological_setting:
  The Rhone Glacier has a series of till deposits that increase in age in a SW direction away from the present glacier position; not far from the glacier edge, the till passes into till-free granite bedrock with well developed cavernous weathering; the weathering sequence suggests that there may have been little fluctuation of the Rhone Glacier from its present position; although this site is further from the glacier; the soil is still very young

surface_weathering:
  Surface rocks mainly subangular to angular, the coarse clasts at the surface do not extend into the soil and form a moderate pavementic horizon; staining on some surface clasts is relict; clast disaggregation is weak

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/27
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W+CS Lsc & B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy gravel till from mixed granite, dolerite and sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 40cm
description:
  4.5km N of Taylor Glacier and 250m from the edge of the Rhone Glacier; near the centre of a slightly subdued lateral moraine surface

geological_setting:
  The Rhone Glacier has a series of till deposits that increase in age in a SW direction away from the present glacier position; not far from the glacier edge, the till passes into till-free granite bedrock with well developed cavernous weathering; the weathering sequence suggests that there may have been little fluctuation of the Rhone Glacier from its present position; this till is distinctly weathered

soil_moisture_status:
  A dry site some snow lying in patterned ground cracks; recent snow fall has disappeared; no soil moistening observed

surface_weathering:
  Few upstanding boulders; most subrounded with exfoliation and granular disintegration present; some weakly developed ventiforms; occasional salt efflorescences; some distinct but generally weak staining; a moderately developed pavement

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/27
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W+CS Lsc & Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 6o
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy gravel till from mixed granite, dolerite and sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3/4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 60cm
description:
  4.5km N of Taylor Glacier and 550m from the edge of the Rhone Glacier; on the oldest and slightly uneven but gently sloping moraine surface derived from a former extension of the Rhone Glacier

geological_setting:
  The Rhone Glacier has a series of till deposits that increase in age in a SW direction away from the present glacier position; not far from the glacier edge, the till passes into till-free granite bedrock with well developed cavernous weathering; the weathering sequence suggests that there may have been little fluctuation of the Rhone Glacier from its present position; this furthermost till is the most weathered of the sequence

soil_moisture_status:
  Soil dry; some small snow patches; some small snow melt patches on rock surfaces; no soil moistening observed

patterned_ground:
  Old non-active patterned ground with fine gravel accumulations in patterned ground cracks; a distinct wedge of granular gravel in the profile probably indicates former patterned ground activity

surface_weathering:
  Few small boulders with some well developed cavernous weathering; moderately developed ventiforms; some rocks with distinct staining on flat surfaces; coarse grained rocks with well developed granular disintegration; a subdued surface with a moderately developed predominantly pebble pavement

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/27
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W+CS Lsc & B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_parent_matterial: Weathered granite bedrock with minor volcanic (scoria) possibly lapilli
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Some small scattered snow patches but soil is dry
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4/5
frozen_type: Bedrock
description:
  3.5km N of Taylor Glacier and 0.5km from the Rhone Glacier; on a granite knoll which has strongly developed bedrock cavernous weathering; the site is on a smooth sloping gravelly surface between cavernously weathered granite outcrops

geological_setting:
  The Rhone Glacier has a series of till deposits that increase in age in a SW direction away from the present glacier position; not far from the glacier edge, the till passes into till-free granite bedrock with well developed cavernous weathering; the weathering sequence suggests that there may have been little fluctuation of the Rhone Glacier from its present position; this granite knoll is a surface of considerable age; scattered scoria fragments on the surface may be lapilli from a nearby volcanic cone the weathering surface should pre-date the volcanic material

surface_weathering:
  Strong cavernous weathering of bedrock with tafone; up to 80cm of bedrock removal; upper surfaces of granite are oxidised and case hardened; undersides crumbly and exfoliating through salt weathering; a well developed granular/pebble gravel pavement

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Rock weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/27
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W+CS Lsc
field_samples: ?
altitude_unit: m
soil_parent_matterial: Rock sample of oxide stained, case hardened rock shell
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Oxidation and hardening of upper surfaces of granite
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4/5
description:
  3.5km N of Taylor Glacier and 0.5km from the Rhone Glacier; on a granite knoll which has strongly developed cavernous weathering in the bedrock; the sample site is a granite outcrop with strong oxide staining

geological_setting:
  Granite outcrops on a knoll W of and 200m above the Rhone Glacier; bedrock granite exposures have been deeply eroded by cavernous weathering and deflation; the upper rock surfaces however are oxide stained and are hardened and resist erosion; most of the erosion takes place on the rock underside leaving thin oxide stained shells; the question is what is the nature of the case hardening and the surface rock shell

soil_moisture_status:
  Rock surfaces are occasionally moistened following summer snow falls, for a few hours, when the snow may melt

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Rock weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/29
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: ?
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite rock
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed but endolithic lichens common in sandstone
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Strongly stained dolerite
previous_disturbance: Nil
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the S side of Upper Wright Valley in the Asgard Range; a moraine covered surface north of the Inland Forts; a bouldery surface with a dominantly dolerite cover; a rock sample from near the saddle between Wright and Taylor Valley

geological_setting:
  The local rocks are dominantly Beacon Sandstone with the harder Ferrar Dolerite sill remnants capping the ridges; The landscape in this area is relict and dolerite clasts are in many places strongly stained


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/30
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS+B&W Lsc & B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: SE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 15o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery doleritic till with some sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Extensive snow in pockets and amongst boulders; no thawing or soil moistening
biological_activity: Nil observed but endolithic lichens common in sandstone
patterned_ground: Weakly developed patterned ground cracks and ice-cored; inactivity may be due to lower temperatures
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented over stagnant glacial ice
frozen_comment: 15cm
description:
  Sessrumnir Valley in the Asgard Range on the SE side on a bouldery till surface 50m from the cirque head alpine glacier; a bouldery uneven sloping surface

geological_setting:
  Alpine valleys of the Asgard Range are amongst the oldest known landscapes in Antarctica dating back to the Miocene based on till, soil and volcanic ash deposits; the present cirque head glacier is a remnant of a former glacier which filled the valley; tills associated with this glacier are derived from valley head wall attrition of dolerite and are very bouldery and young; the till age is probably Alpine I but the soil materials are probably pre-weathered

surface_weathering:
  Boulders up to 1.75m; mostly subangular but some rounding; little fragmentation; moderate surface staining that may be inherited from head wall rock source; a few scattered surface salts; no pavement

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/11/30
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS+B&W Lsc & B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 11o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery doleritic till with some sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered snow in pockets amongst boulders; no visible thawing or soil moistening
biological_activity: Nil observed but endolithic lichens common in sandstone
patterned_ground: Weakly developed patterned ground cracks and ice-cored; inactivity may be due to lower temperatures
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant glacial ice
frozen_comment: 15cm
description:
  Sessrumnir Valley in the Asgard Range on the SE side on a bouldery till surface about 150m from the cirque head alpine glacier; a bouldery uneven sloping surface

geological_setting:
  Alpine valleys of the Asgard Range are amongst the oldest known landscapes in Antarctica dating back to the Miocene based on till, soil and volcanic ash deposits; the present cirque head glacier is a remnant of a former glacier which filled the valley; tills associated with this glacier are derived from valley head wall attrition of dolerite and are very bouldery and young; although further from the ice front the till age is probably Alpine I

surface_weathering:
  Boulders from 0.6 to 1.5m, moderate boulder rounding with some clast reduction; moderate surface staining that may be inherited from head wall rock source; a few scattered surface salts

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Rock weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/01
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Patchy snow cover; no thaw or soil moistening
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  A flattish surface near My Freya in the Asgard Range; a slightly undulating old surface of dolerite, probably the upper surface of a sill; dolerite outcrops with variable rock weathering

geological_setting:
  Planar high level dolerite surfaces cap ridges as narrow ridgetop remnants; and have not been subject to ice sheet glaciation for a very long time; weathering is mainly along joint planes through continual surface oxidation and removal of oxidised rock surfaces by exfoliation; the weathering rhinds vary in thickness

surface_weathering:
  Jointplane fretting with distinct bedrock rounding giving a strong bouldery cobbled land surface appearance; salts on surfces of some clasts; strong but variable surface staining

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Rock weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/01
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Patchy snow cover; no thaw or soil moistening
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  A flattish surface near My Freya in the Asgard Range; a slightly undulating old surface of dolerite, probably the upper surface of a sill; dolerite outcrops with variable rock weathering

geological_setting:
  Planar high level dolerite surfaces cap ridges as narrow ridgetop remnants; and have not been subject to ice sheet glaciation for a very long time; weathering is mainly along joint planes through continual surface oxidation and removal of oxidised rock surfaces by exfoliation; the weathering rhinds vary in thickness

surface_weathering:
  Jointplane fretting with distinct bedrock rounding giving a strong bouldery cobbled land surface appearance; salts on surfces of some clasts; strong but variable surface staining

processing_notes:
  used GGC's coordinates to correct IBC's coordinates, long text site description information scraped from HTML files, IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/01
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Joint plane weathering material, possibly a fracture zone
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered small snow pockets amongst rock outcrops; some snow thawing against warmed rock surfaces
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 6
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Bedrock frozen
frozen_comment: >15cm
description:
  The flat topped surface of Mt Freya in the Asgard Range; an uneven undulating rocky dolerite sill surface; bedrock outcrops are rounded with hollows along joint plains

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite forms prominent sills which because of its hardness persists as ridge top remnants; it has a strong columnar jointed form and joint plain weathering results in a very knobbly or boulder like surface; the surface is old and clearly has not been glaciated for a long time

surface_weathering:
  Rock surfaces are rounded, strongly stained and exfoliating; some occasional patchy salt precipitations on a few rock surfaces; between bedrock clasts, there is a crumbly thin veneer of fragmental weathering debris with some strongly oxidised material in joint planes

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/01
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc & B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Fragmented weathering dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Scattered small snow pockets amongst rock outcrops; some snow thawing against warmed rock surfaces
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 26cm
description:
  The flat topped surface of Mt Freya in the Asgard Range; an uneven undulating rocky dolerite sill surface; bedrock outcrops are rounded with hollows along joint plains; the site is in a shallow hollow

geological_setting:
  Ferrar Dolerite forms prominent sills which because of its hardness persists as ridge top remnants; it has a strong columnar jointed form and joint plain weathering results in a very knobbly or boulder like surface; the surface is old and clearly has not been glaciated for a long time; some weathering debris, mainly exfoliated dolerite, accumulates in hollows

surface_weathering:
  Rock surfaces are rounded, strongly stained and exfoliating; some occasional patchy salt precipitations on a few rock surfaces and some salts beneath surface clasts; between bedrock clasts, there is a crumbly veneer of fragmental weathering debris

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/02
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lsc & Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 8o
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry site; no moisture from recent snow fall
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed broad nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3/4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 60cm
description:
  On the S side of Wright Valley, approximately 4.5km from the Wright Upper Glacier; on a moraine surface to the south of the Labyrinth; a bouldery moraine knoll on the upper sloping surface of the knoll, 20m from the crest

geological_setting:
  Till deposits of the upper Wright Valley mark former extensions of the Wright Upper Glacier; the history of movement of this glacier is unclear; the deposit is probably Upper Wright Glacier till

soil_parent_matterial:
  Bouldery sandy till from predominantly dolerite and sandstone; probably includes some previously weathered materials

surface_weathering:
  Boulders up to 2m and moderately rounded; upstanding to 75cm; distinct staining and dark varnished or polished surfaces; some crumbling and slight pitting; weak ventiforms; clasts fracturing rather than crumbling; a few salts under some stones; a weakly pavementic surface

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/02
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy clayey alluvium/colluvium
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A moist site with wet soil
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Surface salt efflorescences
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
description:
  South side of the Labyrinth, upper Wright Valley; a soil from a salty basin in one of the dissected channelways

geological_setting:
  The Labyrinth is a fossil erosional landscape with a complex geomorphic and glacial history; there is scarcely any till in the channelised landscape but there are accumulations of slope debris and wind drift materials; some parts of the landscape have no external drainage and salts accumulate in small basins

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Rock weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/02
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W+CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Rock joint weathering debris
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry site
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
description:
  South side of the Labyrinth, approximately 200m from the Wright Upper Glacier ice front; a strongly dissected relict landscape formed in dolerite with extensive rock disintegration through columnar jointing; sample from a rock joint to give an indication of weathering since ice retreat

geological_setting:
  The Labyrinth is a fossil erosional landscape with a complex geomorphic and glacial history; there is scarcely any till in the channelised landscape but there are accumulations of slope debris and wind drift materials; close to the glacier margin the rock jointing and other weathering features indicate that the landscape is being exhumed; materials in cracks in the rocks may provide an indication of the weathering history

surface_weathering:
  Partial rounding of rock debris with some variable surface staining; scattered salts in material in clefts; rock surfaces are partly oxidised; some of the weathering features may be relict

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/02
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site but some small scattered snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed broad nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 18cm
description:
  South side of the Labyrinth, upper Wright Valley, approximately 0.5km SE of the SE corner of the Wright Upper Glacier; on a lateral moraine surface about 100m above the Labyrinth surface; a smooth but gently sloping terrace or bench-like surface about 10m from the escarpment edge

geological_setting:
  The Labyrinth has a negligible till cover with the Wright Upper Glacier carrying only occasional supraglacial boulders; in a more extended form more debris was probably carried as lateral drift; this lateral moraine gives an indication of the former extent and age of previous advances or retreat stages of the Wright Upper Glacier

soil_parent_matterial:
  Dolerite/sandstone bouldery sandy till; one schistose rock observed; the till may include much reworked material from the older adjacent landscapes

surface_weathering:
  Scattered surface boulders from 1-4m showing some abrasion weak exfoliation and granular disintegration and weak ventiforms; boulders upstanding to 50cm; a close packed cobble and boulder pavement but weakly deflated; slight to moderate surface staining; some weathering may be inherited

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/03
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Soil dry; some small snow patches in the area
biological_activity: Nil observed but endolithic algae present in some sandstone outcrops
patterned_ground: Weakly developed nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3/4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 18cm
description:
  On the S side of Wright Valley in Sessrumnir Valley, approximately 2.3km NE of Mt Freya; on a slightly hummocky moraine ridge surface on the valley floor, south of the valley mouth moraine which contains granite clasts

geological_setting:
  Tills in the alpine valleys of the Asgard Range are among the oldest known in the Transantarctic Mountains and based on ash occurrences, date from the Miocene; the till sequences are complex with local alpine sourced moraine being distinguished from outside sources by the presence of granite erratics; alpine glaciers probably persisted and interacted with periodic invasions of ice from the Wright Valley

soil_parent_matterial:
  Sandy grave from sandstone and dolerite with sandy to silty stony till alongside; the sandy material may be an old sand wedge

surface_weathering:
  A well developed cobble and pebble pavement with few upstanding boulders; many distinct ventiforms; distinct staining on lee surfaces but exposed surfaces abraded; salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/04
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 8o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite/sandstone bouldery till with granite erratics and other rock types present;
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry soil; snow patches only in patterned ground cracks
biological_activity: Nil observed but endolithic algae present in some sandstone outcrops
patterned_ground: Weakly developed nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  On the S side of Wright Valley in Sessrumnir Valley, approximately 2.5km NE of Mt Freya; on a valley mouth ridge of moraine; an undulating slightly hummocky moraine surface on a lower slope

geological_setting:
  Tills in the alpine valleys of the Asgard Range are among the oldest known in the Transantarctic Mountains and based on ash occurrences, date from the Miocene; the till sequences are complex with local alpine sourced moraine being distinguished from outside sources by the presence of granite erratics; the till at this site has granite erratics indicating a source outside of the local area, most likely from down-valley

surface_weathering:
  Coarse grained dolerite boulders are strongly crumbled; granite boulders strongly disggregated; many boulders reduced to ground level; moderately developed ventiforms; a moderate bouldery pavement surface with distinct staining and polish; sandstones are cavernously weathered

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/04
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NE
slope_comment: 9
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite/sandstone till with granite erratics and other rock types present;
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed but endolithic algae present in some sandstone outcrops
patterned_ground: Weakly developed nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  On the S side of Wright Valley in Sessrumnir Valley, approximately 2.5km NE of Mt Freya; on a valley mouth ridge of moraine; an undulating surface on the west side of the valley

geological_setting:
  Tills in the alpine valleys of the Asgard Range are among the oldest known in the Transantarctic Mountains and based on ash occurrences, date from the Miocene; the till sequences are complex with local alpine sourced moraine being distinguished from outside sources by the presence of granite erratics; the till at this site has granite erratics indicting a source outside of the local area, most likely from down-valley

soil_moisture_status:
  Snow patches only in patterned ground cracks; a few moist patches from thaw of a recent snow fall; salt spots are damp

surface_weathering:
  Coarse grained dolerite boulders are strongly crumbled; granite boulders strongly disggregated; many boulders reduced to ground level; moderately developed ventiforms; a moderately developed pavement surface with distinct to strong clast staining and polish on fine textured rocks; sandstones and some dolerite is cavernously weathered; salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/05
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery till from dolerite and sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site but small scattered snow remnants; no evidence of thawing or soil moistening
biological_activity: Nil observed but endolithic algae present in some sandstone outcrops
patterned_ground: Nil at site
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4/5
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 54cm
description:
  On the S side of Wright Valley in Sessrumnir Valley, approximately 2km NNE of Mt Freya; near the N end of a high valley shoulder surface; the site on the upper part of a broad rising slope, about 250m from the upper bench-like surface

geological_setting:
  Tills in the alpine valleys of the Asgard Range are among the oldest known in the Transantarctic Mountains and based on ash occurrences, date from the Miocene; the till sequences are complex with local alpine sourced moraine being distinguished from outside sources by the presence of granite erratics; the till at this site is above the granite erratic moraine and appears to be of local origin

surface_weathering:
  Dolerite boulders mostly rounded with some ventiform shapes and also strong pitting in fine grained clasts; some dolerite cavernously weathered; coarse dolerite with granular disintegration; sandstone clasts strongly stained and fretted to rubble; salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/05
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Bouldery till from dolerite with some sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site but small scattered snow remnants; no evidence of thawing or soil moistening
biological_activity: Nil observed but endolithic algae present in some sandstone outcrops
patterned_ground: Nil at site
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 20cm
description:
  On the S side of Wright Valley in Sessrumnir Valley, approximately 2km NNE of Mt Freya; near the N end of a high valley shoulder surface; the site on a slight rise on broad and undulating surface with many medium boulders; the site is near soil 349 but in a slight hollow where there appears to be little sandstone

geological_setting:
  Tills in the alpine valleys of the Asgard Range are among the oldest known in the Transantarctic Mountains and based on ash occurrences, date from the Miocene; the till sequences are complex with local alpine sourced moraine being distinguished from outside sources by the presence of granite erratics; the till at this site is above the granite erratic moraine appears to be of local origin with less sandstone

surface_weathering:
  Dolerite boulders mostly rounded with some ventiform shapes; strong pitting in fine grained clasts; some dolerite cavernously weathered; coarse dolerite with granular disintegration and moderate exfoliation; sandstone clasts strongly stained and very small; salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/11
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W+CS Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NNW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 7o
soil_parent_matterial: Well oxidised bouldery till from dolerite with some sandstone
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site with no snow nearby
biological_activity: Nil observed but endolithic algae present in some sandstone outcrops
patterned_ground: Weakly developed broad nets
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 5
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 20cm
description:
  On the S side of Wright Valley in Sessrumnir Valley, approximately 2.2km NNE of Mt Freya; at the N end of a high valley shoulder surface; the site is at the edge of the valley side escarpment of Wright Valley on a convex surface

geological_setting:
  Tills in the alpine valleys of the Asgard Range are among the oldest known in the Transantarctic Mountains and based on ash occurrences, date from the Miocene; the till sequences are complex with local alpine sourced moraine being distinguished from outside sources by the presence of granite erratics; the till at this site is above the granite erratic moraine appears to be of local origin with less sandstone

surface_weathering:
  Dolerite boulders mostly rounded and some fracturing with some ventiform shapes; strong pitting on fine grained clasts; some dolerite cavernously weathered; coarse dolerite with granular disintegration and moderate exfoliation; sandstone clasts strongly stained and very small; a moderately developed cobble/boulder pavement; salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/06
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Windblown sand; predominantly quartzitic but with 10% dolerite sand grains
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: The site is dry; snow sometimes accumulates in the rock cracks
biological_activity: Nil observed but endolithic algae widely present in sandstone outcrops nearby
patterned_ground: Nil; horizontal rock fragmentation pattern is a result of patterned ground type processes
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_comment: >10cm
description:
  On the S side of Wright Valley in Sessrumnir Valley, approximately 4km N of Mt Freya; on a strongly fractured bedrock sandstone pavement; the sample is from soil material in a fracture between sandstone slabs

geological_setting:
  Flat bedded Beacon Sandstone is exposed without a till cover in places; cryic freeze/thaw weathering processes results in horizontal and vertical fragmentation of the sandstone with tabular blocks moving apart by wedging processes; sandy detritus in cracks is the only soil material developed on these wind swept surfaces

surface_weathering:
  Rock surfaces are polished and oxidised and strongly wind fluted with wind ripple marks; leading edges are strongly abraded

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/07
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & B&W+CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: S
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 3o
soil_parent_matterial: sandy gravel till from predominantly granite with some dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry site, few snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >70cm
description:
  The w end of Dais, about 750m E of a small hill; a broad gently undulating till covered surface on an even smooth surface and on the S side of the Dais

geological_setting:
  Dais is a prominent geomorphic feature formed partly from the dolerite sill influence and also from prolonged erosion; because of the island like geomorphology, the till is not subject to local alpine influences but should represent major glacial activity in Wright Valley; further north some large marble clasts were observed suggesting the possibility of up-valley ice influence

surface_weathering:
  A well developed pebble pavement with occasional small boulders; moderately developed ventiforms and boulder faceting; granites with some cavernous weathering; dolerite with some staining and showing some exfoliation; salts beneath some surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/08
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 4o
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry site, no snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed broad nets with 50cm troughs
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >75cm
description:
  On the floor of Wright Valley, approximately 1.5km SW of Lake Vanda; on a high valley floor moraine bench surface and about 250m out from the valley side slopes; the site is on a slight rise away from any possible accession of material from the valley sides; a slightly uneven surface with minor hummocks and shallow gullies

geological_setting:
  The tills of Wright Valley have derived from a complex sequence of movements of ice both up and down valley; on the lower valley surfaces the tills at the W end are thought to originate from former advance of the Wright Upper Glacier glacial activity in Wright Valley; this till may represent one of the most eastward of the latest sequence of upper Wright Valley deposits

soil_parent_matterial:
  Sandy gravel till from predominantly granite and dolerite; fine materials are possible pre-weathered

surface_weathering:
  Surface staining and polish is weak; some faceting and exfoliation is moderately advanced; coarse grained dolerite and granite are partly crumbled; a moderately developed cobble/pebble pavement with few scattered boulders

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/08
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Fine textured sediment
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Moist soil but no liquid water in adjacent hollow
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: A fine gravel pavement with surface salt efflorescences
previous_disturbance: Nil at site
soil_weathering: 3
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the floor of Wright Valley, in the South Fork at Don Juan Pond; the sample site is near the centre of the flat floor where the pond is presently dry; adjacent to a large moraine boulder that has created an erosional wind scoop

geological_setting:
  Don Juan Pond is a saline hollow which varies in wetness, but at the time of sampling was wet only in a small area;


reason: Soil salt examination
observation_date: 1972/12/08
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Salt samples only
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A wet saline area
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Extensive surface salt precipitations
previous_disturbance: Nil at site; the area was examined previously by many people
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the floor of Wright Valley, in the South Fork at Don Juan Pond; the sample site is near the western end; near a wet area with extensive salt precipitations

geological_setting:
  Don Juan Pond is a saline calcium chloride enriched hollow which varies in wetness, but at the time of sampling was wet only in a small area;


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/08
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Thin gravelly drift over fluvially sorted sediment
soil_climate_zone: Central Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Soil surface dry
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil at site; the area was examined previously by many people
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the floor of Wright Valley, in the South Fork at Don Juan Pond; the sample site is near the eastern side; a flat dry surface with occasional medium boulders

geological_setting:
  Don Juan Pond is a saline calcium chloride enriched hollow which varies in wetness; at this site, a pebble to boulder surface cover overlies laminated sandy sediment; this may represent ice fluctuations and ice marginal sedimentation activity

surface_weathering:
  A well developed pebble and cobble pavement with occasional boulders, clasts resting on sandy sediment; the boulders are rounded; weakly ventiform surface


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/09
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & B&W+CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 11o
soil_parent_matterial: Stony till from schist, gneiss, granite and minor dolerite; a small amount of basalt
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: The soil is moist; there is adjacent water flow from ice margin thawing
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Hummocky ice-core
surface_weathering: Rock clasts mainly angular and non fragmented; oxide staining on some granite clasts
previous_disturbance: Nil at site
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Ice cored
frozen_comment: 7cm
description:
  On the SE side of the Wright Valley adjacent to the Meserve Glacier; a recent lateral moraine loop on the sloping valley side, approximately .5km uphill from the Meserve Hut site; 15m from the glacier edge

geological_setting:
  The Meserve Glacier is an alpine glacier with a well developed sequence of lateral moraines; they indicate the former history of the glacier; a volcanic cone in the glacier neve provides datable material for determining the age of the moraines; the moraines date to 2.7my; advances and retreats appear to have been minor over time; this sequence gives a good basis for determining soil weathering rates; the site is the youngest till

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/09
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & B&W+CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 10o
soil_parent_matterial: Stony till from schist, gneiss, granite and minor dolerite, sandstone and basalt
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry soil and site
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil at site
soil_weathering: 1/2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Hard ice-cemented
frozen_comment: 30cm
description:
  On the SE side of the Wright Valley adjacent to the Meserve Glacier; a recent lateral moraine loop on the sloping valley side, approximately .5km uphill from the Meserve Hut site; 25m from the glacier edge; a drier site not subject to water flow

geological_setting:
  The Meserve Glacier is an alpine glacier with a well developed sequence of lateral moraines; they indicate the former history of the glacier; a volcanic cone in the glacier neve provides datable material for determining the age of the moraines; the moraines date to 2.7my; advances and retreats appear to have been minor over time; this sequence gives a good basis for determining soil weathering rates; till at this site is older

surface_weathering:
  Rock clasts mainly angular; a poorly developed pavement; oxide staining on some granite clasts; a few thin salt efflorescences on some rocks

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/09
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
geological_setting: The exposure is coarse grained micaceous granite
soil_parent_matterial: Fragmented micaceous granite
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry soil and site
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil at site
soil_weathering: 3
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the SE side of the Wright Valley adjacent to the Meserve Glacier; at the head of the Meserve Glacier and just below the top of Mt Ulla; a small steep rocky peak with some weathered material in clefts

surface_weathering:
  Upper surfaces of rock outcrops and boulders have moderate staining; some slight rounding and granular disintegration


reason: Salt examination
observation_date: 1972/12/09
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
geological_setting: The exposure is coarse grained micaceous granite
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry soil and site
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil at site
soil_weathering: 2
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the SE side of the Wright Valley adjacent to the Meserve Glacier; at the head of the Meserve Glacier on Mt Ulla; a small steep rocky peak with some weathered material in clefts

soil_parent_matterial:
  Fragmented micaceous granitic sandy granular gravel from weathering of surface outcrops; patchy salts in the soils

surface_weathering:
  Upper surfaces of rock outcrops and boulders have moderate staining; some slight rounding and granular disintegration; a few salt efflorescences in patches on the soil surface; patches of finer material amongst more angular fragmented bedrock


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: NW
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 30o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Dry soil and site
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil at site
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Bedrock frozen
frozen_comment: >22cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  On the SE side of the Wright Valley adjacent to the Meserve Glacier; on the surface between the Meserve and the Hart Glaciers; on a steep upper slope on a granitic bedrock surface

geological_setting:
  Granite bedrock outcrops on the upper slopes between the Hart & Meserve Glaciers; these surfaces may be above the older Ross Ice Shelf inland advances but may have been covered with upper level Alpine glacier ice

soil_parent_matterial:
  Thin residual gravelly drift from granite but with some dolerite, over finer drift, on granite bedrock

surface_weathering:
  Bedrock exposures are well rounded with crumbly surfaces; dolerite pebble clasts are subrounded and distinctly stained; surface staining is minor; there is a moderately developed pebble and cobble pavement


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 18o
soil_parent_matterial: Mainly granite and schist sandy gravel till with some gneiss and dolerite
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Site previously disturbed by US investigations and the profile pit site was open
soil_weathering: 3
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: 160cm; >160cm
description:
  On the SE side of the Wright Valley on the NE side of the Meserve Glacier; on the furthermost distinct moraine ridge approximately 400m NE of the glacier edge; a long smooth sloping low relief ridge

geological_setting:
  The site is part of a moraine sequence associated with former advances of the Meserve Glacier, an alpine glacier; moraines closest to the glacier have more distinct topography and moraine form; moraines are dated by the inclusion of debris from volcanic cones in the neve area; this moraine surface may be alpine 3 estimated to be between 3.6 and 2.2my

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; little water available from snow melt but occasionally from light summer snow falls;

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are crumbled and reduced; some ventiforms in harder doleritic rocks; surface oxidation not pronounced

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W+CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 18o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3/4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: >80cm
description:
  On the SE side of the Wright Valley on the NE side of the Meserve Glacier; beyond the furthermost distinct moraine ridge approximately 600m NE of the glacier edge; a long smooth sloping low relief surface

geological_setting:
  The site is part of a moraine sequence associated with former advances of the Meserve Glacier, an alpine glacier; moraines closest to the glacier have more distinct topography and moraine form; moraines are dated by the inclusion of debris from volcanic cones in the neve area; this surface may be older than alpine 3 which is estimated to be between 3.6 and 2.2my

soil_parent_matterial:
  Mainly granite and schist derived sandy gravel till; possibly some black scoria seen in the samples?

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; little water available from snow melt but occasionally from light summer snow falls;

surface_weathering:
  Boulders above the ground surface are rare; surface clasts are well rounded and moderately ventiform; oxidation more distinct than on surfaces closer to the glacier; salts beneath surface stones a well developed pebble and cobble pavement

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/10
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 14o
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Site is a previous profile pit by US investigators
soil_weathering: 2
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: 125cm; >125cm
description:
  On the SE side of the Wright Valley on the NE side of the Meserve Glacier; an inner distinct lateral moraine ridge approximately 300m NE of the glacier edge; a long smooth sloping ridge with the site 20m east of the ridge crest

geological_setting:
  The site is part of a moraine sequence associated with former advances of the Meserve Glacier, an alpine glacier; moraines closest to the glacier have more distinct topography and moraine form; moraines are dated by the inclusion of debris from volcanic cones in the neve area; this moraine is of an intermediate age in the sequence; volcanic material is more common

soil_parent_matterial:
  Mainly granite and schist derived with more schist than in the other two profiles; probably a lot of recycled material; some small red and black scoria fragments

soil_moisture_status:
  Xerous to subxerous; little water available from snow melt but occasionally from light summer snow falls;

surface_weathering:
  Surface boulders are up to 1.5m and upstanding but most are smaller; some cavernous weathering and surface exfoliation a weakly to moderately developed pavement surface

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/14
authors: IBC, GGC
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite and granite sandy bouldery gravel till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: A dry site with no snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Scattered surface boulders with few upstanding; a moderately developed surface pavement
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
description:
  On the S side of McKelvey Valley at its junction with Bull Pass; a low north sloping ridge surface; a large boulder was found to have differing soil temperatures beneath and adjacent to the boulder; samples were collected at differing positions to see if there might be noticeable weathering differences

geological_setting:
  Tills in Victoria and McKelvey Valleys are part of a sequence of old glacial deposits; the sequence history is less well known than those of Wright Valley

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/14
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: B&W Pro & B&W+CS Lsc
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 5o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite, sandstone and granite sandy to bouldery gravel till
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Snow patches; thaw from recent snow; soil moistening to 8cm in patches
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Non active but some old raised border polygons
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Dry frozen
frozen_comment: 35cm
description:
  On the S side of McKelvey Valley at its junction with Bull Pass; a bench or high terrace surface on the NE side of Bull Pass; a moderately even surface, somewhat bouldery with shallow sandy gravel depressions

geological_setting:
  Tills in Victoria and McKelvey Valleys are part of a sequence of old glacial deposits; the sequence history is less well known than those of Wright Valley; this surface is a little lower than the Insel Range and could have similar aged soils

surface_weathering:
  Scattered medium boulders rounded with some fragmentation; a moderate pebble pavement in between; dolerite boulders well stained; some pitting and cavernous weathering; granites moderately crumbled; fine grained rocks polished; salts beneath surface stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 15o
soil_parent_matterial: Greyish silty layer in gravel deposit
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Surface is snow free; no soil moistening observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Previous glaciological investigations at the site
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  South of Bull Pass on the old fan surface; the lower slope of a small hill with a sedimentary exposure of Pecten Fan Gravel

geological_setting:
  The Pecten Gravel deposit was once thought to be a glacial till from an early up valley ice advance but is now thought to represent the deposits formed prior to uplift when Wright Valley was a fjord


reason: Weathering examination
observation_date: 1972/12/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 15o
soil_parent_matterial: Layer in a sedimentary sequence
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Surface is snow free; no soil moistening observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Previous glaciological investigations at the site
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  South of Bull Pass on the old fan surface; the lower slope of a small hill with a sedimentary exposure of Pecten Fan Gravel

geological_setting:
  The Pecten Gravel deposit was once thought to be a glacial till from an early up valley ice advance but is now thought to represent the deposits formed prior to uplift when Wright Valley was a fjord; the sediments at the site are varied


reason: Weathering examination; sedimentary sequence
observation_date: 1972/12/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Pro
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 15o
soil_parent_matterial: Undifferentiated gravels over gravel, sandy, silty and shelly sediment
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Surface is snow free; no soil moistening observed
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Deposit overlain by undifferentiated gravels
previous_disturbance: Previous glaciological investigations at the site
description:
  South of Bull Pass on the old fan surface; the lower slope of a small hill with a sedimentary exposure of Pecten Fan Gravel

geological_setting:
  The Pecten Gravel deposit was once thought to be a glacial till from an early up valley ice advance but is now thought to represent the deposits formed prior to uplift when Wright Valley was a fjord; the sediments at the site are varied and include fine gravel; sands and shelly sand with drop-stones

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil biological examination
observation_date: 1972/12/18
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS+B&W Lsc
field_samples: No
description: Near the crater rim at the summit of Mt Erebus on the West side; a patch of warm ground
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
soil_parent_matterial: Kenyite volcanic ejecta, ash and rock
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Moist soil, many adjacent snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed; results of biological examination not reported
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Soil is unweathered but the surface has a coating of sulphur
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_type: Thermally heated ground
geological_setting:
  Mt Erebus is an active volcano with a lava crater which periodically has mild eruptions; the volcano has a distinctive petrology with kenyite, an olivine bearing phonolite with large phenocrysts; thermally heated ground is common on the upper slopes and possibly provides a habitat for some soil biological species

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil biological examination
observation_date: 1972/12/18
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS+B&W Lsc
field_samples: No
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
soil_parent_matterial: Kenyite volcanic ejecta, ash and rock
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Moist soil, many adjacent snow patches
biological_activity: Nil observed; results of biological examination not reported
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Soil is unweathered but the surface has a precipitation of white salts
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_type: Thermally heated ground
description:
  Near the crater rim at the summit of Mt Erebus on the West side; a patch of warm ground with a salty surface

geological_setting:
  Mt Erebus is an active volcano with a lava crater which periodically has mild eruptions; the volcano has a distinctive petrology with kenyite, an olivine bearing phonolite with large phenocrysts; thermally heated ground is common on the upper slopes and possibly provides a habitat for some soil biological species

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil biological sample
observation_date: 1977/11/14
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: No
field_samples: No
description: Near the Commonwealth Glacier, approximately 3 km from the coast
altitude_unit: m
aspect: Nil
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 0o
soil_parent_matterial: Sandy gravel glacio-fluvial unconsolidated sediments
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
patterned_ground: Nil
previous_disturbance: Probably previous human visitation
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_type: ice-cemented
geological_setting:
  Lower Taylor Valley has a recent landscape resulting from ice retreat from locaal lpine glaciers as well as from withdrawal of Ross I glacial ice from thee McMurdo Sound region; occasional small stream flows provide moist conditions for biological activity

processing_notes:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 162 characters]


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1977/11/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: No
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 7o
soil_parent_matterial: Fragmented dyke rock intrusive within granite bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Weakly developed small nets with some larger clasts in the cracks
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 4
frozen_depth_unit: > cm
frozen_type: Not known
frozen_comment: >50cm
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  At the eastern end of the Kukri Hills near the top of Mt Barnes; a rounded knoll a few metres below the crest

geological_setting:
  Mt Barnes comprises mainly granitic rock but dark coloured, possibly iron rich, dyke rock intrusives occur in places; in places the soils on these intrusives are strongly coloured

soil_moisture_status:
  No local snow patches but some summer soil surface moistening from periodic snow falls; light snow fall at the time of sampling

surface_weathering:
  Some granite clasts weakly to moderately cavernously weathered; distinctive rock fragmentation and shattering; distinctive surface rusty brown staining on clasts; some polish and some weak pitting on dark coloured clasts; granites are commonly crumbled


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1977/11/16
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: No
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: E
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 7o
soil_parent_matterial: Fragmented granitic bedrock
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
biological_activity: Lichen patches
patterned_ground: Weakly developed small nets with some larger clasts in the cracks
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 3
processing_notes: IBC's longdd sign corrected after confirming that the site's locality is on the Eastern hemisphere
description:
  At the eastern end of the Kukri Hills near the top of Mt Barnes; a rounded knoll a few metres below the crest on granitic rock

geological_setting:
  Mt Barnes comprises mainly granitic rock but dark coloured, possibly iron rich, dyke rock intrusives occur in places; in places the soils on these intrusives are strongly coloured

soil_moisture_status:
  No local snow patches but some summer soil surface moistening from periodic snow falls; light snow fall at the time of sampling

surface_weathering:
  Some granite clasts weakly to moderately cavernously weathered; distinctive rock fragmentation and shattering; distinctive surface rusty brown staining on clasts; some polish and some weak pitting on dark coloured clasts; granites are commonly crumbled


reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1977/11/19
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: No
field_samples: No
description: The floor of a shallow gully, presently dry but with periodic water flows
altitude_unit: m
aspect: N
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 8o
soil_parent_matterial: Stream sediment
soil_climate_zone: Coastal Antarctic
soil_moisture_status: Periodically wet
biological_activity: Some algal mats
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Partly rounded boulders
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
geological_setting:
  Moraines adjacent to the Meserve Glacier record changes in the position of the glacier over a period of 2.3 my; adjacent to the glacier margin sediments are clearly subject to fluvial activity; possibly these materials can be differentiated from adjacent till deposits which may not have been subject to fluvial processes

processing_notes:
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reason: Soil weathering examination
observation_date: 1977/11/21
authors: IBC, GGC
photo_record: CS Lscp
field_samples: Yes
altitude_unit: m
aspect: W
slope_unit: o
slope_comment: 6o
soil_parent_matterial: Dolerite in coarse clasts (up to 1.5m) that have been pre weathered with some sandstone fragments
soil_climate_zone: Inland Mountain
soil_moisture_status: Recent 3 cm snowfall with some thawing and water films on rock surfaces
biological_activity: Nil observed
patterned_ground: Nil
surface_weathering: Surface clasts mainly angular to subangular with distinct surface staining
previous_disturbance: Nil
soil_weathering: 1
frozen_depth_unit: cm
frozen_type: Stagnant ice
frozen_comment: 5cm
description:
  On the youngest moraine associated with a valley head cirque ice tongue in Koenig Valley; a coarse bouldery and gently sloping uneven surface with a thin till cover over ice

geological_setting:
  The Asgard Range is comprised of Beacon Sandstone and Ferrar Dolerite; the landscape is ancient with the high altitude valley cirques cut in pre Miocene time; subsequent glaciation has been restricted mainly to valley head cirque type activity; the glacial deposits represent accumulations of local head wall materials which have probably been weathered in place before incorporation into local glaciers

processing_notes:
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